Therapists in Amherst, MA

Photo of Dr. Jamie D. Daniels - Polestar Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Dr. Jamie D. Daniels - Polestar Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
My office is conveniently located in the center of downtown, Amherst. I am a trauma informed clinician, and I approach treatment utilizing anti-oppressive and liberatory frameworks. My work is relationship based and culturally responsive. I address issues of race, gender, sexuality, and class oppression fluidly, and integrate identity development and social position in treatment. My clinical orientation is psychodynamic, utilizing cognitive and behavioral strategies when appropriate. I have engaged a range of issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, relational concerns, poverty and isolation.
My office is conveniently located in the center of downtown, Amherst. I am a trauma informed clinician, and I approach treatment utilizing anti-oppressive and liberatory frameworks. My work is relationship based and culturally responsive. I address issues of race, gender, sexuality, and class oppression fluidly, and integrate identity development and social position in treatment. My clinical orientation is psychodynamic, utilizing cognitive and behavioral strategies when appropriate. I have engaged a range of issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, relational concerns, poverty and isolation.
(413) 340-3561 View (413) 340-3561
Photo of Betsy McNamara, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Betsy McNamara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
Are you, your teen or young adult child struggling? Withdrawing? Anxious? Making dangerous choices? Having trouble getting along? For over twenty years I have been helping people work through their situations to think more clearly, make better choices, and ultimately, to feel better about themselves. Because trust and good communication between the therapist and the client is so important, I invite you to email or call me and talk about what you are looking for and my approach to see if this might be a good fit for you or your child.
Are you, your teen or young adult child struggling? Withdrawing? Anxious? Making dangerous choices? Having trouble getting along? For over twenty years I have been helping people work through their situations to think more clearly, make better choices, and ultimately, to feel better about themselves. Because trust and good communication between the therapist and the client is so important, I invite you to email or call me and talk about what you are looking for and my approach to see if this might be a good fit for you or your child.
(413) 314-3504 View (413) 314-3504
Photo of Amanda Reilly, Counselor in Amherst, MA
Amanda Reilly
Counselor, MA, APRN
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Do you wonder why you're not enjoying life more? Having relationships that feel secure and meet your needs? Do you wish for the life you imagine, if only you could understand what gets in the way, the patterns that have blocked you from living your best life as your best self? Challenges with mood, anxiety, and relationships are often symptoms of deeper struggles with self-worth, identity, life purpose, and belonging. Through compassionate exploration of your current difficulties and supportive development of new strategies, it is possible to find relief and a newfound sense of freedom and ease.
Do you wonder why you're not enjoying life more? Having relationships that feel secure and meet your needs? Do you wish for the life you imagine, if only you could understand what gets in the way, the patterns that have blocked you from living your best life as your best self? Challenges with mood, anxiety, and relationships are often symptoms of deeper struggles with self-worth, identity, life purpose, and belonging. Through compassionate exploration of your current difficulties and supportive development of new strategies, it is possible to find relief and a newfound sense of freedom and ease.
(508) 544-0527 View (508) 544-0527
Photo of Andy Steinmark, Psychologist in Amherst, MA
Andy Steinmark
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Hello, and thank you for stopping by to learn how I can be of service to you. I'm a formally trained health psychologist with expertise in the areas of creating and living a healthy life-style, work-life balance, stress management, depression, anxiety, and with specializations in chronic insomnia, and living with chronic illness. I collaborate with individuals interested in taking an active role in creating a life of meaning and fulfillment--of greater vitality. Treatment is focused, values-based, and goal oriented--as well as being frequently brief. Additionally, I also assist individuals in more fully developing their potential.
Hello, and thank you for stopping by to learn how I can be of service to you. I'm a formally trained health psychologist with expertise in the areas of creating and living a healthy life-style, work-life balance, stress management, depression, anxiety, and with specializations in chronic insomnia, and living with chronic illness. I collaborate with individuals interested in taking an active role in creating a life of meaning and fulfillment--of greater vitality. Treatment is focused, values-based, and goal oriented--as well as being frequently brief. Additionally, I also assist individuals in more fully developing their potential.
(413) 998-0851 View (413) 998-0851
Photo of Jolene Phillips, Counselor in Amherst, MA
Jolene Phillips
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
Searching for a therapist can be one of the most difficult parts of coping, healing, and self-empowerment, because it's the first thing you must do. You must force yourself out of your comfort zone and out of whatever routine you've had before, to take the initiative and embark on a new path. When we're at our best, stepping out of our comfort zones can be daunting; when we're feeling vulnerable, it can seem nearly impossible. No matter what prompted you to take this first step, I'd like to be there for your second.
Searching for a therapist can be one of the most difficult parts of coping, healing, and self-empowerment, because it's the first thing you must do. You must force yourself out of your comfort zone and out of whatever routine you've had before, to take the initiative and embark on a new path. When we're at our best, stepping out of our comfort zones can be daunting; when we're feeling vulnerable, it can seem nearly impossible. No matter what prompted you to take this first step, I'd like to be there for your second.
(413) 424-1524 View (413) 424-1524
Photo of My Focused Mind, Counselor in Amherst, MA
My Focused Mind
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, ADHD-CC
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
Welcome to My Focused Mind. Our mission is to provide individualized interventions that not only address the challenges associated with neurodivergence, but also to build a foundation for long-term success and well-being. We embrace the unique challenges and strengths associated with being neurodivergent, with a specific focus on Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Our tailored executive functioning services helps individuals navigate the complexities of ADHD by enhancing their ability to manage time, maintain focus, and complete tasks effectively, among other things.
Welcome to My Focused Mind. Our mission is to provide individualized interventions that not only address the challenges associated with neurodivergence, but also to build a foundation for long-term success and well-being. We embrace the unique challenges and strengths associated with being neurodivergent, with a specific focus on Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Our tailored executive functioning services helps individuals navigate the complexities of ADHD by enhancing their ability to manage time, maintain focus, and complete tasks effectively, among other things.
(413) 728-1533 View (413) 728-1533
Photo of Laura Morrissette, Counselor in Amherst, MA
Laura Morrissette
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
I have over 20 years of experience helping people of diverse backgrounds heal from stuck emotions and patterns, anxiety, and trauma, I support individuals with life transitions, stress at home and at work, grief, coping with partner/family substance abuse, anxiety, family issues, family of origin issues, parenting issues, divorce, communication difficulties, and challenges, and confusion around career. I provide a nurturing and supportive environment to facilitate authentic self-expression. I believe in the innate ability of each individual to heal and realize unlimited potential. It is an honor for me to witness this journey.
I have over 20 years of experience helping people of diverse backgrounds heal from stuck emotions and patterns, anxiety, and trauma, I support individuals with life transitions, stress at home and at work, grief, coping with partner/family substance abuse, anxiety, family issues, family of origin issues, parenting issues, divorce, communication difficulties, and challenges, and confusion around career. I provide a nurturing and supportive environment to facilitate authentic self-expression. I believe in the innate ability of each individual to heal and realize unlimited potential. It is an honor for me to witness this journey.
(781) 417-5054 View (781) 417-5054
Photo of Ann T. Augustine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Ann T. Augustine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Amherst, MA 01002
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that we all get stuck sometimes. We find ourselves in difficult situations and we don’t know what to do. Other times we feel trapped by our painful pasts. At times, we aren’t sure what the problem is, but we sense there must be more to life. Whatever the reason that brings you to therapy, we can work together to uncover and resolve what’s happening, clarify what matters most and help you to feel stronger and freer to live more fully.
I believe that we all get stuck sometimes. We find ourselves in difficult situations and we don’t know what to do. Other times we feel trapped by our painful pasts. At times, we aren’t sure what the problem is, but we sense there must be more to life. Whatever the reason that brings you to therapy, we can work together to uncover and resolve what’s happening, clarify what matters most and help you to feel stronger and freer to live more fully.
(413) 402-6095 View (413) 402-6095
Photo of Ginger Sajiera, Counselor in Amherst, MA
Ginger Sajiera
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Having a solid therapeutic relationship is essential to the success of your experience in therapy, and I am committed to creating a space in which you will feel safe, deeply heard and seen, and can be a collaborator in the therapeutic process. I believe in creating a mutual alliance built upon honesty, empathy, trust, and respect. Together, we will explore the challenges and obstacles you face, while identifying personal strengths and other resources that will help facilitate meaningful change and growth.
Having a solid therapeutic relationship is essential to the success of your experience in therapy, and I am committed to creating a space in which you will feel safe, deeply heard and seen, and can be a collaborator in the therapeutic process. I believe in creating a mutual alliance built upon honesty, empathy, trust, and respect. Together, we will explore the challenges and obstacles you face, while identifying personal strengths and other resources that will help facilitate meaningful change and growth.
(413) 266-5591 View (413) 266-5591
Photo of Sarah Teitelbaum, Psychologist in Amherst, MA
Sarah Teitelbaum
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Amherst, MA 01002
My role as a psychologist is to help you learn, get unstuck, and take control in your life. By creating a safe, nonjudgmental space, I hope to encourage your sense of connection, empowerment, and insight as we address your concerns. I believe the quality of the therapist-client relationship is the most important foundation of good therapy, and I work collaboratively with clients using several approaches, including CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based psychotherapy.
My role as a psychologist is to help you learn, get unstuck, and take control in your life. By creating a safe, nonjudgmental space, I hope to encourage your sense of connection, empowerment, and insight as we address your concerns. I believe the quality of the therapist-client relationship is the most important foundation of good therapy, and I work collaboratively with clients using several approaches, including CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based psychotherapy.
(413) 258-8349 View (413) 258-8349
Photo of Rebecca Shulman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Rebecca Shulman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I believe that we are all wired for growth and that self-discovery is a life-long process. A warm and compassionate therapeutic relationship can go a long way towards helping you foster self-acceptance, increase understanding and make important changes. We'll work together to focus on goals that make sense to you and on taking actions that contribute to a rich and meaningful life. I've worked in the mental health field for over ten years and have experience supporting people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, major life transitions, and in relationships.
I believe that we are all wired for growth and that self-discovery is a life-long process. A warm and compassionate therapeutic relationship can go a long way towards helping you foster self-acceptance, increase understanding and make important changes. We'll work together to focus on goals that make sense to you and on taking actions that contribute to a rich and meaningful life. I've worked in the mental health field for over ten years and have experience supporting people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, major life transitions, and in relationships.
(413) 923-6356 View (413) 923-6356
Photo of Catherine Matejcek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Catherine Matejcek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Pursuing therapy is an admirable step; it takes a lot of courage and energy. As such, I approach therapy with a respectful, accepting attitude. Whether working with an individual or entire family, I operate from the notion that everyone is doing their best, given their circumstances. I assume an active role in therapy: I quickly engage, listen deeply and reflect back. I will ask clarifying questions and offer interpretations.
Pursuing therapy is an admirable step; it takes a lot of courage and energy. As such, I approach therapy with a respectful, accepting attitude. Whether working with an individual or entire family, I operate from the notion that everyone is doing their best, given their circumstances. I assume an active role in therapy: I quickly engage, listen deeply and reflect back. I will ask clarifying questions and offer interpretations.
(413) 349-4211 View (413) 349-4211
Photo of Theodore Chelmow, Counselor in Amherst, MA
Theodore Chelmow
Counselor, PhD, MEd MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Providing Massachusetts statewide services. Mental health issues are at an all time high. It's ok to ask for help. Please don't struggle alone. Dr. Chelmow has > 30 years in the mental health field - focusing on work, family, education, financial & social problems to quickly help reduce anxiety, depression, family issues & substance abuse. He has worked as a business executive & in governance. He has taught at Harvard Medical School, the University of Massachusetts, Cambridge College & Springfield College & written many articles on health care. He provides training to business on difficult work situations, stigma & multiculturalism.
Providing Massachusetts statewide services. Mental health issues are at an all time high. It's ok to ask for help. Please don't struggle alone. Dr. Chelmow has > 30 years in the mental health field - focusing on work, family, education, financial & social problems to quickly help reduce anxiety, depression, family issues & substance abuse. He has worked as a business executive & in governance. He has taught at Harvard Medical School, the University of Massachusetts, Cambridge College & Springfield College & written many articles on health care. He provides training to business on difficult work situations, stigma & multiculturalism.
(617) 855-0317 View (617) 855-0317
Photo of Elisa Gomez, Psychologist in Amherst, MA
Elisa Gomez
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
**Practice full as of Nov 2019** I am a licensed psychologist specializing in therapy with children and adolescents. I believe we all develop "ways of being" in the world as a result of our innate temperament and early experiences. Psychotherapy and psychological testing offer the chance to look at these ways of being with a compassionate lens, honoring the value they have held in your life while determining whether they are still useful to you now. Through this process, new ways of being can emerge, leading to greater satisfaction in your life.
**Practice full as of Nov 2019** I am a licensed psychologist specializing in therapy with children and adolescents. I believe we all develop "ways of being" in the world as a result of our innate temperament and early experiences. Psychotherapy and psychological testing offer the chance to look at these ways of being with a compassionate lens, honoring the value they have held in your life while determining whether they are still useful to you now. Through this process, new ways of being can emerge, leading to greater satisfaction in your life.
(413) 340-0529 View (413) 340-0529
Photo of Alan Kanner, Psychologist in Amherst, MA
Alan Kanner
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Walking into a therapist's office is an act of courage. Psychotherapy is challenging, collaborative work. A pivotal piece of psychotherapy is finding the right match in selecting your therapist. In my practice, the therapeutic alliance is formed only after the client feels truly heard and understood. Thereafter, a treatment plan is formulated and the work begins.
Walking into a therapist's office is an act of courage. Psychotherapy is challenging, collaborative work. A pivotal piece of psychotherapy is finding the right match in selecting your therapist. In my practice, the therapeutic alliance is formed only after the client feels truly heard and understood. Thereafter, a treatment plan is formulated and the work begins.
(413) 992-3359 View (413) 992-3359
Photo of Elizabeth Weinman, Counselor in Amherst, MA
Elizabeth Weinman
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
There are many reasons to seek therapy. Perhaps you would like tools for coping with anxiety, support for dealing with loss, or help with processing trauma. Or perhaps you simply want to take stock and lead a more examined life. Whatever the reason, I meet you where you are and work with you towards exploring, establishing, and meeting your goals for growth.
There are many reasons to seek therapy. Perhaps you would like tools for coping with anxiety, support for dealing with loss, or help with processing trauma. Or perhaps you simply want to take stock and lead a more examined life. Whatever the reason, I meet you where you are and work with you towards exploring, establishing, and meeting your goals for growth.
(413) 423-0103 View (413) 423-0103
Photo of Ross Goodwin-Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Ross Goodwin-Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
Not accepting new clients
I have worked for years in community mental health, with people from a wide range of backgrounds. I think that people need for therapists to be with them when they are at their most vulnerable, and to help them to keep one foot in the present as they look for answers. My best work is with people who are curious about their own patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior, and are willing to try some new approaches. The bargain is that I will join that effort with careful attention and a willingness to meet the person just as they are.
I have worked for years in community mental health, with people from a wide range of backgrounds. I think that people need for therapists to be with them when they are at their most vulnerable, and to help them to keep one foot in the present as they look for answers. My best work is with people who are curious about their own patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior, and are willing to try some new approaches. The bargain is that I will join that effort with careful attention and a willingness to meet the person just as they are.
(413) 304-2363 View (413) 304-2363
Photo of Martin Kounitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Martin Kounitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Amherst, MA 01002
Not accepting new clients
Currently, I'm not accepting new clients. Angry? Feel stuck and insecure in your career or in relationships? Trouble sleeping? Is your self-esteem low? Together, we'll understand what causes repetitive problems and how to overcome them. With over 20 years experience in corporate finance, I understand your work stressors. My approach is that the key element of treatment is a strong working relationship. In a safe, nonjudgmental environment, we'll explore conflicts and obstacles that block you from achieving satisfaction. we'll use the best of CBT, ACT and insight-oriented (psychodynamic) psychotherapy.
Currently, I'm not accepting new clients. Angry? Feel stuck and insecure in your career or in relationships? Trouble sleeping? Is your self-esteem low? Together, we'll understand what causes repetitive problems and how to overcome them. With over 20 years experience in corporate finance, I understand your work stressors. My approach is that the key element of treatment is a strong working relationship. In a safe, nonjudgmental environment, we'll explore conflicts and obstacles that block you from achieving satisfaction. we'll use the best of CBT, ACT and insight-oriented (psychodynamic) psychotherapy.
(413) 224-6563 View (413) 224-6563
Photo of Chuck Genre, Counselor in Amherst, MA
Chuck Genre
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, MCCS
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
My work focuses on adults, especially men (28 yo+), who seek healing, growth and a better relationship with this stage of their life. They want more than mere symptom relief and book recommendations. They are tired of the fears and disconnection and unhelpful core beliefs. They want to love and connect more easily. They want a path forward. Our work together encourages action, engagement, creativity, and it aims to revive the joy of learning something new and useful. (website: www.chuckgenre.com)
My work focuses on adults, especially men (28 yo+), who seek healing, growth and a better relationship with this stage of their life. They want more than mere symptom relief and book recommendations. They are tired of the fears and disconnection and unhelpful core beliefs. They want to love and connect more easily. They want a path forward. Our work together encourages action, engagement, creativity, and it aims to revive the joy of learning something new and useful. (website: www.chuckgenre.com)
(413) 299-2726 View (413) 299-2726
Photo of Anna Kogan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Anna Kogan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
At times we find ourselves confronted by stressful situations, like an impasse with a boss, conflict at home, financial or school-related pressures, major life transitions, losses and health issues, to name a few. How can one find the strength and courage needed to deal with a complex problem at hand, without giving up and succumbing to pain and suffering? I would like to offer you supportive compassionate guidance and professional knowledge to help you succeed in dealing with challenges in your life.
At times we find ourselves confronted by stressful situations, like an impasse with a boss, conflict at home, financial or school-related pressures, major life transitions, losses and health issues, to name a few. How can one find the strength and courage needed to deal with a complex problem at hand, without giving up and succumbing to pain and suffering? I would like to offer you supportive compassionate guidance and professional knowledge to help you succeed in dealing with challenges in your life.
(413) 944-0965 View (413) 944-0965

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Amherst, MA

300+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Amherst, MA who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Self Esteem
63% Grief
62% Stress

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% BlueCross and BlueShield
53% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
53% Optum

How Therapists in Amherst, MA see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Amherst?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.