Therapists in Napa, CA

Photo of Leslye Flores, Marriage & Family Therapist in Napa, CA
Leslye Flores
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94559
Soy una terapeuta bilingue y bicultural. I am a trauma therapist and specialize in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety and codependency. These conditions may be causing distressing memories, irritability, a need to control things, anger, self-harming behaviors, suicidal thoughts, low motivation, and codependent tendencies. These wounds prevent you from forming strong, healthy connections with the people you love and get in the way of the life you desire.
Soy una terapeuta bilingue y bicultural. I am a trauma therapist and specialize in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety and codependency. These conditions may be causing distressing memories, irritability, a need to control things, anger, self-harming behaviors, suicidal thoughts, low motivation, and codependent tendencies. These wounds prevent you from forming strong, healthy connections with the people you love and get in the way of the life you desire.
(707) 785-8166 View (707) 785-8166
Photo of Core3 Harmony & Wellness Services, LLC in Napa, CA
Core3 Harmony & Wellness Services, LLC
PhD, MT-BC
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94558
Megan Dozler, PhD, MT-BC, is the Creator/Founder of Core3 Harmony & Wellness Services, LLC. She provides individual and group music therapy, counseling and holistic wellness services for clients in Napa, Yolo, and Solano County. With over 20 years of experience working with individuals and groups across the lifespan, Megan’s quest as a lifelong learner has helped her combine her passion for music, counseling and psychology in her approach to optimize potential and promote wellness.
Megan Dozler, PhD, MT-BC, is the Creator/Founder of Core3 Harmony & Wellness Services, LLC. She provides individual and group music therapy, counseling and holistic wellness services for clients in Napa, Yolo, and Solano County. With over 20 years of experience working with individuals and groups across the lifespan, Megan’s quest as a lifelong learner has helped her combine her passion for music, counseling and psychology in her approach to optimize potential and promote wellness.
(707) 927-2357 x8479 View (707) 927-2357 x8479
Photo of Mark Caro, Marriage & Family Therapist in Napa, CA
Mark Caro
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, CCTP, BCETS, EMDRIA
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94558
I specialize in working with people suffering from the effects of acute and long term emotional trauma, physical trauma, medical trauma and Adult Children of Alcoholic Families and dysfunctional families. I am an EMDR Therapy specialist and have specialized training in working with public safety personnel and people suffering from anxiety disorders.
I specialize in working with people suffering from the effects of acute and long term emotional trauma, physical trauma, medical trauma and Adult Children of Alcoholic Families and dysfunctional families. I am an EMDR Therapy specialist and have specialized training in working with public safety personnel and people suffering from anxiety disorders.
(707) 634-4910 View (707) 634-4910
Photo of Lori Buckley, Psychologist in Napa, CA
Lori Buckley
Psychologist, PsyD, CST
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94558
Do you have relationship problems or sexual concerns? The focus of my practice is working with individuals and couples who want to enhance and transform their relationships and improve their overall quality of life. My style is open and direct, and I provide a warm, safe environment to discuss concerns which people often find difficult to talk about.
Do you have relationship problems or sexual concerns? The focus of my practice is working with individuals and couples who want to enhance and transform their relationships and improve their overall quality of life. My style is open and direct, and I provide a warm, safe environment to discuss concerns which people often find difficult to talk about.
(626) 407-4930 View (626) 407-4930
Photo of Prof. Monica Watts Franciosa, Pre-Licensed Professional in Napa, CA
Prof. Monica Watts Franciosa
Pre-Licensed Professional, NCC AP , DSc, MAMF, CBGT, NLP
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94558
Why my practice is different than all other services? The Integrative and Alternative Wellness coaching for Mental Hygiene &Substance Abuse providing support as a peer guide to remedies & shared experience to naturally help life challenges. Our Consultants who are experts in psychology will contact you (See the profiles website) We deal with all kinds of mental hygiene problems like fears, disappointment, depression, sadness, guilt, breakups, financial problems, divorce, anger, stress, anxiety, inferiority complex, self-confidence issues, poor self-image, lack of motivation, loneliness and any other problem you could imagine.
Why my practice is different than all other services? The Integrative and Alternative Wellness coaching for Mental Hygiene &Substance Abuse providing support as a peer guide to remedies & shared experience to naturally help life challenges. Our Consultants who are experts in psychology will contact you (See the profiles website) We deal with all kinds of mental hygiene problems like fears, disappointment, depression, sadness, guilt, breakups, financial problems, divorce, anger, stress, anxiety, inferiority complex, self-confidence issues, poor self-image, lack of motivation, loneliness and any other problem you could imagine.
(707) 470-7371 View (707) 470-7371
Antonio Wong-Rivadeneyra
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94558
As a clinician with about 50 years of experience in the field, I offer my services to help you work on issues that may be taking away from your capacity to live a joyful life. We can look at how you can feel that you have control over your experiences and manage how to deal with disappointments if they take place in your life. When you find yourself stuck in a place in your life, it often helps to have another person help you analyze what is the cause of that feeling and often this is a path to clear blocks in your life. These are tools that will be useful in your life.
As a clinician with about 50 years of experience in the field, I offer my services to help you work on issues that may be taking away from your capacity to live a joyful life. We can look at how you can feel that you have control over your experiences and manage how to deal with disappointments if they take place in your life. When you find yourself stuck in a place in your life, it often helps to have another person help you analyze what is the cause of that feeling and often this is a path to clear blocks in your life. These are tools that will be useful in your life.
(707) 633-2554 View (707) 633-2554
Photo of Damaris Munoz Bello, Marriage & Family Therapist in Napa, CA
Damaris Munoz Bello
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94558
As a culturally sensitive and trauma-informed Therapist, I honor the wounds of your past and help you make space for healing. Therapy can be a place where you can unpack and deconstruct unhealthy thinking patterns. It can also be a place of comfort, security, and growth. My goal is to provide you with the empathy and connection needed to process whatever you may be dealing with. I validate, support, and sometimes challenge my clients.
As a culturally sensitive and trauma-informed Therapist, I honor the wounds of your past and help you make space for healing. Therapy can be a place where you can unpack and deconstruct unhealthy thinking patterns. It can also be a place of comfort, security, and growth. My goal is to provide you with the empathy and connection needed to process whatever you may be dealing with. I validate, support, and sometimes challenge my clients.
(707) 375-9534 View (707) 375-9534
Photo of Lucas Harris, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Napa, CA
Lucas Harris
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94559
You may have heard about the growing popularity of Internal Family Systems (IFS) through influencers like Abby Wambach, Liz Moody, Emily Nagoski Ph.D., and Gabby Bernstein. You can experience this powerful therapeutic approach to help you identify and heal the root causes of your concerns. This can lead to a greater sense of love and acceptance for yourself, as well as an internal calmness, confidence, and positive outlook on life. Beyond my professional training, I draw on a wealth of experience gained from my own journey with individual therapy, a 10+ year marriage and an 8-year-old son.
You may have heard about the growing popularity of Internal Family Systems (IFS) through influencers like Abby Wambach, Liz Moody, Emily Nagoski Ph.D., and Gabby Bernstein. You can experience this powerful therapeutic approach to help you identify and heal the root causes of your concerns. This can lead to a greater sense of love and acceptance for yourself, as well as an internal calmness, confidence, and positive outlook on life. Beyond my professional training, I draw on a wealth of experience gained from my own journey with individual therapy, a 10+ year marriage and an 8-year-old son.
(707) 893-6363 View (707) 893-6363
Photo of Lizzet Castillo Montanez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Napa, CA
Lizzet Castillo Montanez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94559  (Online Only)
Welcome! The first step to healing is the step you are taking now by searching for a therapist. I specialize in helping clients heal from trauma and work towards becoming the best versions of themselves. Clients often choose to work with me after experiencing a traumatic event(s), loss of a loved one (i.e., death, divorce, seperation), relationship difficulties, or they simply want to gain more insight and personal growth. Whether you are feeling stuck, overwhelmed, disconnected from the people you love, frustrated by a relationship, or burdened by stress, anxiety, or sadness -I can help. You deserve relief.
Welcome! The first step to healing is the step you are taking now by searching for a therapist. I specialize in helping clients heal from trauma and work towards becoming the best versions of themselves. Clients often choose to work with me after experiencing a traumatic event(s), loss of a loved one (i.e., death, divorce, seperation), relationship difficulties, or they simply want to gain more insight and personal growth. Whether you are feeling stuck, overwhelmed, disconnected from the people you love, frustrated by a relationship, or burdened by stress, anxiety, or sadness -I can help. You deserve relief.
(707) 598-8892 View (707) 598-8892
Photo of Jenny Shully, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Napa, CA
Jenny Shully
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94559
Finding the right counselor is like dating--you have to have chemistry, and someone you just "click" with. Building a solid, trusting, professional relationship is key, and I take great pleasure and pride in forming these connections with my clients. Whether you are dealing with a major traumatic event, or just need extra support, we can figure it out together. I like to say, "I will help give you the map, but I won't drive the car". I love empowering clients to make their own change; there is no better feeling on either side.
Finding the right counselor is like dating--you have to have chemistry, and someone you just "click" with. Building a solid, trusting, professional relationship is key, and I take great pleasure and pride in forming these connections with my clients. Whether you are dealing with a major traumatic event, or just need extra support, we can figure it out together. I like to say, "I will help give you the map, but I won't drive the car". I love empowering clients to make their own change; there is no better feeling on either side.
View
Photo of David Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Napa, CA
David Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94558  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is David Johnson and I have more than 12 years of experience in the mental health field 9 of which have been spent treating people with serious mental illnesses, in State psychiatric hospitals. I have experience treating a wide variety of conditions and disorders including anxiety disorders, depression and anxiety, trauma, substance use disorders and many other disabling conditions that are barriers to you reaching the life that you envisioned for yourself.
Hello, my name is David Johnson and I have more than 12 years of experience in the mental health field 9 of which have been spent treating people with serious mental illnesses, in State psychiatric hospitals. I have experience treating a wide variety of conditions and disorders including anxiety disorders, depression and anxiety, trauma, substance use disorders and many other disabling conditions that are barriers to you reaching the life that you envisioned for yourself.
(707) 968-7502 View (707) 968-7502
Photo of Lorraine Crockford, PhD LMFT., Marriage & Family Therapist in Napa, CA
Lorraine Crockford, PhD LMFT.
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94559  (Online Only)
My practice focuses on Type l & Type ll trauma. I am an approved provider for Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT). In addition, I work with Cognitive Behavioral therapy (CBT) to address addictive issues associated with trauma & anxiety. I also work with Internal Family Systems (Parts). My orientation includes the soma (embodiment experience) and strategies to interrupt panic episodes. How you come to perceive your lifeworld from your family of origin, work and societal influence is of value to understand how to move forward. In session we will collaborate to scaffold a framework you wish to explore in a safe space for reflection.
My practice focuses on Type l & Type ll trauma. I am an approved provider for Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT). In addition, I work with Cognitive Behavioral therapy (CBT) to address addictive issues associated with trauma & anxiety. I also work with Internal Family Systems (Parts). My orientation includes the soma (embodiment experience) and strategies to interrupt panic episodes. How you come to perceive your lifeworld from your family of origin, work and societal influence is of value to understand how to move forward. In session we will collaborate to scaffold a framework you wish to explore in a safe space for reflection.
(707) 341-6949 View (707) 341-6949
Photo of Annette Henke Psychotherapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Napa, CA
Annette Henke Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACHP-SW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94559
Many people come to me with prior experiences of therapy that were not helpful. This happens for many reasons but sometimes it's as simple as it wasn't the right fit. A wise mentor explained that "all human growth and healing takes place in the context of relationship, from infancy on". Therapy is a relationship of growth, change, healing. Many people are driven to therapy because of suffering in current or past relationship. Often the most challenging and hurtful relationship we have is the one with one's self. The "right" therapist is one that makes moving through this vulnerable process possible and bearable.
Many people come to me with prior experiences of therapy that were not helpful. This happens for many reasons but sometimes it's as simple as it wasn't the right fit. A wise mentor explained that "all human growth and healing takes place in the context of relationship, from infancy on". Therapy is a relationship of growth, change, healing. Many people are driven to therapy because of suffering in current or past relationship. Often the most challenging and hurtful relationship we have is the one with one's self. The "right" therapist is one that makes moving through this vulnerable process possible and bearable.
(707) 210-1849 View (707) 210-1849
Photo of Briana Soladay, Marriage & Family Therapist in Napa, CA
Briana Soladay
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, C-IAYT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94559
I support individuals (young adults to elders) and couples in developing understanding and improved connection in relationship with self and others. I enjoy supporting communication and sharing tools to soothe anxiety, lighten depression, and repattern maladaptive habits (like ruminating in anger, worry). I have a deep well of experience and a calling for working with trauma, grief, and PTSD. I also enjoy working with issues like finding meaningful vocation and expression of potential. My therapeutic approach is rooted at the intersection of contemplative practices, neuroscience, and relational models, like Attachment Theory
I support individuals (young adults to elders) and couples in developing understanding and improved connection in relationship with self and others. I enjoy supporting communication and sharing tools to soothe anxiety, lighten depression, and repattern maladaptive habits (like ruminating in anger, worry). I have a deep well of experience and a calling for working with trauma, grief, and PTSD. I also enjoy working with issues like finding meaningful vocation and expression of potential. My therapeutic approach is rooted at the intersection of contemplative practices, neuroscience, and relational models, like Attachment Theory
(707) 267-2852 View (707) 267-2852
Photo of Matthew S Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Napa, CA
Matthew S Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94581  (Online Only)
Some of our deepest emotional wounds come from difficult or dysfunctional relationships in early life. But just as relationships can hurt, so can they heal. Therapy is a place to heal these early wounds and develop the skills to form more satisfying relationships. As a therapist, I am active, engaged, accepting, and compassionate. I recognize that every person is unique--what helps one person does not necessarily work for others. I seek to help people clarify their feelings, values, and goals in order to make life decisions with open eyes and a clear mind.
Some of our deepest emotional wounds come from difficult or dysfunctional relationships in early life. But just as relationships can hurt, so can they heal. Therapy is a place to heal these early wounds and develop the skills to form more satisfying relationships. As a therapist, I am active, engaged, accepting, and compassionate. I recognize that every person is unique--what helps one person does not necessarily work for others. I seek to help people clarify their feelings, values, and goals in order to make life decisions with open eyes and a clear mind.
(707) 304-8943 View (707) 304-8943
Photo of Tracy Reeves, Marriage & Family Therapist in Napa, CA
Tracy Reeves
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94559
"May your choices reflect your HOPES, not your fears." - Nelson Mandela - Life can be stressful and overwhelming sometimes, causing us to lose track of long-term goals and everyday pleasures. Everyday stress stemming from family/relationship conflict, parenting issues, career choices and life transitions can build up and feel impossible to escape from. Therapy can be a useful guide to help get back on track and focus on what truly makes you happy.
"May your choices reflect your HOPES, not your fears." - Nelson Mandela - Life can be stressful and overwhelming sometimes, causing us to lose track of long-term goals and everyday pleasures. Everyday stress stemming from family/relationship conflict, parenting issues, career choices and life transitions can build up and feel impossible to escape from. Therapy can be a useful guide to help get back on track and focus on what truly makes you happy.
(707) 410-0606 View (707) 410-0606
Photo of Marina R Stiefvater, Marriage & Family Therapist in Napa, CA
Marina R Stiefvater
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94559
I enjoy working with teens, young adults, families, and anyone looking to gain new understanding in their lives. Although taking the first step in getting support can be difficult, it opens up the opportunity for change and empowerment. I like to help each individual identify their strengths and develop a better understanding of how they relate to others.
I enjoy working with teens, young adults, families, and anyone looking to gain new understanding in their lives. Although taking the first step in getting support can be difficult, it opens up the opportunity for change and empowerment. I like to help each individual identify their strengths and develop a better understanding of how they relate to others.
(707) 287-9677 View (707) 287-9677
Photo of Mary Wiley, Psychologist in Napa, CA
Mary Wiley
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94558  (Online Only)
Isn’t it time to have the life you want? If you are feeling stressed out, ready to make life changes but aren’t sure how, tired of being tired, disappointed with the way your life is turning out, or as if your entire family is out of control, let me help you. For over two decades I have been working with adults, adolescents, couples and families to improve their lives. Together we identify and focus on replacing ineffective old patterns with new ones. By learning these new patterns, different life choices and growth become a reality.
Isn’t it time to have the life you want? If you are feeling stressed out, ready to make life changes but aren’t sure how, tired of being tired, disappointed with the way your life is turning out, or as if your entire family is out of control, let me help you. For over two decades I have been working with adults, adolescents, couples and families to improve their lives. Together we identify and focus on replacing ineffective old patterns with new ones. By learning these new patterns, different life choices and growth become a reality.
(925) 308-5963 View (925) 308-5963
Photo of Jessica Provenza, Marriage & Family Therapist in Napa, CA
Jessica Provenza
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, Somatic
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94559
I am here to remind you, you are not broken, even if your mind may be suggesting that you are. It is probable that these thoughts are connected to trauma—a way to make sense out of how uncomfortable you feel in your own body. Trauma can impact our health, body, emotions, relationships, perception of self and reality. Somatic Therapy may support you finding some relief in being you. Let's begin to explore and integrate what's causing this pain and psychological suffering without bypassing or minimizing your experiences. Your body has the wisdom to provide the answers. We may need to listen, honor and acknowledge its truth.
I am here to remind you, you are not broken, even if your mind may be suggesting that you are. It is probable that these thoughts are connected to trauma—a way to make sense out of how uncomfortable you feel in your own body. Trauma can impact our health, body, emotions, relationships, perception of self and reality. Somatic Therapy may support you finding some relief in being you. Let's begin to explore and integrate what's causing this pain and psychological suffering without bypassing or minimizing your experiences. Your body has the wisdom to provide the answers. We may need to listen, honor and acknowledge its truth.
(707) 267-2519 View (707) 267-2519
Photo of Rosie Newton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Napa, CA
Rosie Newton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94559
Have you noticed feeling stuck, confused, and frustrated? Symptoms of trauma, depression, and anxiety are difficult to face, and naturally we want to avoid them. But avoidance keeps us stuck in unhelpful patterns that make it difficult to fully enjoy life. Once you understand how and why your mind has created these patterns, you gain the ability to break free from them, and live a more intentional and joyful life.
Have you noticed feeling stuck, confused, and frustrated? Symptoms of trauma, depression, and anxiety are difficult to face, and naturally we want to avoid them. But avoidance keeps us stuck in unhelpful patterns that make it difficult to fully enjoy life. Once you understand how and why your mind has created these patterns, you gain the ability to break free from them, and live a more intentional and joyful life.
(707) 397-9276 View (707) 397-9276

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Napa, CA

200+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Napa, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
72% Coping Skills
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Grief

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
60% Cigna and Evernorth
58% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Napa, CA see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Napa?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.