Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Karena Henrietta Montag, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Karena Henrietta Montag
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94703  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience as a therapist working with individuals, couples & families. I communicate genuine care & respect, empathy & non-judgment which creates an environment of safety & understanding, while a belief in goal-oriented therapy promotes generative shifts & sustainable changes. My clinical orientation is informed by psychodynamic, narrative & family systems theories, as well as my committment to racial, restorative + transformative justice. I have long worked with those impacted by violence and believe that wellness is integral to creating community safety.
I have extensive experience as a therapist working with individuals, couples & families. I communicate genuine care & respect, empathy & non-judgment which creates an environment of safety & understanding, while a belief in goal-oriented therapy promotes generative shifts & sustainable changes. My clinical orientation is informed by psychodynamic, narrative & family systems theories, as well as my committment to racial, restorative + transformative justice. I have long worked with those impacted by violence and believe that wellness is integral to creating community safety.
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Photo of Biaja Solomon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Biaja Solomon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710  (Online Only)
If you're wondering what is possible as you grapple with the challenges of living in today's uncertain times, frustrated or sad, worried or confused the journey begins here. I can help you find a way to navigate these disruptive difficulties. When we begin to talk about the changes you seek we will explore how to re-attune your life towards greater harmony with your values and what makes you happy and fulfilled.
If you're wondering what is possible as you grapple with the challenges of living in today's uncertain times, frustrated or sad, worried or confused the journey begins here. I can help you find a way to navigate these disruptive difficulties. When we begin to talk about the changes you seek we will explore how to re-attune your life towards greater harmony with your values and what makes you happy and fulfilled.
(510) 529-7690 View (510) 529-7690
Photo of Angela Li, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Angela Li
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702  (Online Only)
I am a Bay Area-based Asian American clinical psychologist with a passion for working with adult children of immigrants, people of color, and historically marginalized folks. Many clients express struggling with perfectionism, people pleasing, self-criticism, and worry that they will never be "enough." There may be parts of themselves they feel unable to explore or express, and worry that these parts may not be understood or supported by others. Many may be navigating intergenerational trauma, and relationship issues with their family of origin or romantic relationships.
I am a Bay Area-based Asian American clinical psychologist with a passion for working with adult children of immigrants, people of color, and historically marginalized folks. Many clients express struggling with perfectionism, people pleasing, self-criticism, and worry that they will never be "enough." There may be parts of themselves they feel unable to explore or express, and worry that these parts may not be understood or supported by others. Many may be navigating intergenerational trauma, and relationship issues with their family of origin or romantic relationships.
(415) 980-2262 View (415) 980-2262
Photo of Dr. Katherine Plambeck, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Dr. Katherine Plambeck
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
I believe therapy is a collaborative process that can lead to powerful transformations and enrichment. Life presents us with many challenges and my aim is to help you live a meaningful life even when difficulties or pain are present. I use what matters to you most as a guide towards making changes in your life. I offer specific strategies and tools that help shift your relationship to difficult thoughts and feelings, and take steps towards your personal goals. I strive to create a space that is respectful, warm, and welcoming to all. I specialize in evidence-based and mindfulness approaches within a culturally sensitive framework.
I believe therapy is a collaborative process that can lead to powerful transformations and enrichment. Life presents us with many challenges and my aim is to help you live a meaningful life even when difficulties or pain are present. I use what matters to you most as a guide towards making changes in your life. I offer specific strategies and tools that help shift your relationship to difficult thoughts and feelings, and take steps towards your personal goals. I strive to create a space that is respectful, warm, and welcoming to all. I specialize in evidence-based and mindfulness approaches within a culturally sensitive framework.
(925) 259-3332 View (925) 259-3332
Photo of John O'Hagan, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
John O'Hagan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I often find myself working well with creative individuals, self described geeks, teenagers in turmoil and inquisitive children. My unique brand of therapy is based on authenticity, compassion and collaboration while guided by a direct and pragmatic approach. I like to encourage self-care, building on personal strengths, while helping my clients in exploring their relational patterns and the significance of their dreams, fantasies and interests.
I often find myself working well with creative individuals, self described geeks, teenagers in turmoil and inquisitive children. My unique brand of therapy is based on authenticity, compassion and collaboration while guided by a direct and pragmatic approach. I like to encourage self-care, building on personal strengths, while helping my clients in exploring their relational patterns and the significance of their dreams, fantasies and interests.
(510) 257-9764 View (510) 257-9764
Photo of Dr. Loren Steinberg, Psychological Associate in Berkeley, CA
Dr. Loren Steinberg
Psychological Associate, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Many of my clients are disabled, queer, and trans. I love to support individuals and families in finding and shifting cycles that keep them stuck. This can look like a cycle of anxiety that keeps swirling and growing no matter how much you try to avoid or reassure it. Or like families that are caught in challenging cycles of communication, who are working to shift things but feel caught in old patterns. My clients are often impacted by multiple layers of social and internalized stigma. Specific issues my clients seek care for include OCD, ADHD, depression, trauma, bereavement, and identity development around disability and gender.
Many of my clients are disabled, queer, and trans. I love to support individuals and families in finding and shifting cycles that keep them stuck. This can look like a cycle of anxiety that keeps swirling and growing no matter how much you try to avoid or reassure it. Or like families that are caught in challenging cycles of communication, who are working to shift things but feel caught in old patterns. My clients are often impacted by multiple layers of social and internalized stigma. Specific issues my clients seek care for include OCD, ADHD, depression, trauma, bereavement, and identity development around disability and gender.
(341) 999-2343 View (341) 999-2343
Photo of Neil Doherty, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Neil Doherty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
I have worked as a Licensed Therapist for the past 23 years providing trauma informed, culturally sensitive care to individuals and families in the Bay Area. I have worked extensively with individuals who have suffered abuse & neglect. As well as knowledgeable treatment for adoptive children & parents around parenting & attachment issues. I have earned the distinction of expert witness in California courts. I have the experience to provide the support and tools needed to heal & get your life back on track. These can be stressful times, remember you don't need to do this alone; support is here for you & your family. No fee first call
I have worked as a Licensed Therapist for the past 23 years providing trauma informed, culturally sensitive care to individuals and families in the Bay Area. I have worked extensively with individuals who have suffered abuse & neglect. As well as knowledgeable treatment for adoptive children & parents around parenting & attachment issues. I have earned the distinction of expert witness in California courts. I have the experience to provide the support and tools needed to heal & get your life back on track. These can be stressful times, remember you don't need to do this alone; support is here for you & your family. No fee first call
(341) 999-2653 View (341) 999-2653
Photo of Jody Roberts, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jody Roberts
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, 37412
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707  (Online Only)
I custom-tailor the therapeutic process to suit your individual needs. Together, we will set goals for your healing. I will encourage you to draw upon your own strengths and life experience by learning to trust yourself and your intuition.
I custom-tailor the therapeutic process to suit your individual needs. Together, we will set goals for your healing. I will encourage you to draw upon your own strengths and life experience by learning to trust yourself and your intuition.
(510) 417-4209 View (510) 417-4209
Photo of Tom Westin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Tom Westin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
Psychotherapy is an opportunity for you to explore your experience in a space that is nonjudgmental, open, and supportive, and through this to discover more ease, as well as solutions to the challenges you are facing. It is a chance for you to look at thoughts, emotions, and conditioned responses to life and life events; untangle the knots of old beliefs and patterns that are no longer helpful; and take action to live a freer, more satisfying, and more authentic life. My approach is collaborative and experiential, and makes use of your already-existing strengths.
Psychotherapy is an opportunity for you to explore your experience in a space that is nonjudgmental, open, and supportive, and through this to discover more ease, as well as solutions to the challenges you are facing. It is a chance for you to look at thoughts, emotions, and conditioned responses to life and life events; untangle the knots of old beliefs and patterns that are no longer helpful; and take action to live a freer, more satisfying, and more authentic life. My approach is collaborative and experiential, and makes use of your already-existing strengths.
(925) 392-3361 View (925) 392-3361
Photo of Barbara Petterson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Barbara Petterson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MA, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
We are in challenging times with many unknowns. Perhaps you're struggling with depression, anxiety, life transitions, relationship issues, or loss. Or you're dealing with chronic pain or trauma. Depth psychotherapy is one path to emotional wellness. If you are open to engaging in this process, I am here to help you to develop a deeper relationship with yourself and others, as well as a practice of personal inquiry. This can involve learning to notice and strengthen what works, let go of what doesn't, and find new behaviors and understandings. The results can include a greater sense of confidence, ease and effectiveness.
We are in challenging times with many unknowns. Perhaps you're struggling with depression, anxiety, life transitions, relationship issues, or loss. Or you're dealing with chronic pain or trauma. Depth psychotherapy is one path to emotional wellness. If you are open to engaging in this process, I am here to help you to develop a deeper relationship with yourself and others, as well as a practice of personal inquiry. This can involve learning to notice and strengthen what works, let go of what doesn't, and find new behaviors and understandings. The results can include a greater sense of confidence, ease and effectiveness.
(510) 863-8980 View (510) 863-8980
Photo of Bridges Therapy Group of CA, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Bridges Therapy Group of CA
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW, AMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
At Bridges Therapy Group of California, we’re dedicated to matching you with the perfect therapist for you and ensuring that your insurance will truly pay for your sessions. We are contracted, in-network providers with all the insurers listed below. We verify your benefits before you start so there are no surprises to you.
At Bridges Therapy Group of California, we’re dedicated to matching you with the perfect therapist for you and ensuring that your insurance will truly pay for your sessions. We are contracted, in-network providers with all the insurers listed below. We verify your benefits before you start so there are no surprises to you.
(510) 694-7984 View (510) 694-7984
Photo of Sam Davis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sam Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am a trans Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in working with trans, queer, genderqueer, and gender-nonconforming teens and adults. I have a non-pathologizing approach and deeply value identities outside the "norm." I have fifteen years of experience as a mental health provider, including support groups with teens and adults, individual therapy, and crisis work. I am a Bay Area activist who has fought for transgender rights by organizing provider trainings and public demonstrations. I am a visual artist and storyteller who believes that underrepresented individuals expressing themselves creatively and authentically is powerful and important.
I am a trans Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in working with trans, queer, genderqueer, and gender-nonconforming teens and adults. I have a non-pathologizing approach and deeply value identities outside the "norm." I have fifteen years of experience as a mental health provider, including support groups with teens and adults, individual therapy, and crisis work. I am a Bay Area activist who has fought for transgender rights by organizing provider trainings and public demonstrations. I am a visual artist and storyteller who believes that underrepresented individuals expressing themselves creatively and authentically is powerful and important.
(781) 417-5129 View (781) 417-5129
Photo of Judith Suzanne Alexander, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Judith Suzanne Alexander
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
Not accepting new clients
My style is active, engaged and down to earth. I will listen carefully to what you say and together we will identify the problem and adopt strategies to resolve it. My aim is to create lasting change that will free you from what is no longer working for you so your life can become happier and more satisfying. My experience is that with help all people are capable of creating a life worth living, whether individually or within a couple. In addition I do personal coaching for specific projects or to accelerate what is already working.
My style is active, engaged and down to earth. I will listen carefully to what you say and together we will identify the problem and adopt strategies to resolve it. My aim is to create lasting change that will free you from what is no longer working for you so your life can become happier and more satisfying. My experience is that with help all people are capable of creating a life worth living, whether individually or within a couple. In addition I do personal coaching for specific projects or to accelerate what is already working.
(510) 369-4662 View (510) 369-4662
Photo of Margaret Brako, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Margaret Brako
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709  (Online Only)
I help people as they’re making changes in their life, big and small. A significant factor in making a change is our relationship to ourselves. Unfortunately, a build-up of traumatizing or painful experiences can lead us to constantly question our abilities and self-worth. We may struggle with decision-making, seal away parts of our identity, or find ourselves trapped in cycles of anxiety and self-loathing. Of course, if we don't trust there's a safe home to come back to, trying something new or different feels very out of reach.
I help people as they’re making changes in their life, big and small. A significant factor in making a change is our relationship to ourselves. Unfortunately, a build-up of traumatizing or painful experiences can lead us to constantly question our abilities and self-worth. We may struggle with decision-making, seal away parts of our identity, or find ourselves trapped in cycles of anxiety and self-loathing. Of course, if we don't trust there's a safe home to come back to, trying something new or different feels very out of reach.
(510) 944-1043 View (510) 944-1043
Photo of Laura Rainville, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Laura Rainville
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I enjoy working with children and adults to help them find grounded ways of being with and moving through the struggles they face. I believe that strong relationships, with the self, the body, and with others, are central to a healthy lifestyle. Painful life experiences, transitions, trauma, anxiety, and depression are opportunities for growth, and helping people move through these challenges is incredibly rewarding. I love working with people of diverse sociocultural backgrounds and exploring how culture shapes experience. A deep understanding of development allows me to connect with people of all ages and help them move through difficult stages.
I enjoy working with children and adults to help them find grounded ways of being with and moving through the struggles they face. I believe that strong relationships, with the self, the body, and with others, are central to a healthy lifestyle. Painful life experiences, transitions, trauma, anxiety, and depression are opportunities for growth, and helping people move through these challenges is incredibly rewarding. I love working with people of diverse sociocultural backgrounds and exploring how culture shapes experience. A deep understanding of development allows me to connect with people of all ages and help them move through difficult stages.
(510) 900-5537 View (510) 900-5537
Photo of Suzan Bollich, Ph.D., Clinical Psychologist, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Suzan Bollich, Ph.D., Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
My practiced is specialized in working with Adults, Couples and Families who are seeking psychological help with Old/New trauma, Grief/Bereavement/Loss, living with Cancer, living with Movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson disease), living with a Dementia (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), Aging, and Confronting End-of-Life. If you are seeking relief and healing related to living with any of the above concerns, together we will look closely at your particular situation and work toward reducing the intensity of emotional or psychological suffering.
My practiced is specialized in working with Adults, Couples and Families who are seeking psychological help with Old/New trauma, Grief/Bereavement/Loss, living with Cancer, living with Movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson disease), living with a Dementia (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), Aging, and Confronting End-of-Life. If you are seeking relief and healing related to living with any of the above concerns, together we will look closely at your particular situation and work toward reducing the intensity of emotional or psychological suffering.
(510) 459-3985 View (510) 459-3985
Photo of Lee Townsend, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Lee Townsend
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, he/him
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
I provide culturally sensitive, empirically validated psychotherapy services to individuals, couples and families, ranging from adolescents to seniors. I am committed to the therapeutic process as a collaborative journey and consider it a great privilege to be entrusted with my clients' most deeply-held thoughts and feelings. I am actively engaged with those who are grappling with issues of anxiety, depression, bereavement, relationship problems, life transitions, trauma, interpersonal difficulties and creative blocks, addressing my client's concerns in a humanistic and holistic manner that transcends preoccupation with pathology to work toward a life of deep meaning, creativity and interpersonal fulfillment.
I provide culturally sensitive, empirically validated psychotherapy services to individuals, couples and families, ranging from adolescents to seniors. I am committed to the therapeutic process as a collaborative journey and consider it a great privilege to be entrusted with my clients' most deeply-held thoughts and feelings. I am actively engaged with those who are grappling with issues of anxiety, depression, bereavement, relationship problems, life transitions, trauma, interpersonal difficulties and creative blocks, addressing my client's concerns in a humanistic and holistic manner that transcends preoccupation with pathology to work toward a life of deep meaning, creativity and interpersonal fulfillment.
(510) 684-9930 View (510) 684-9930
Photo of Catherine Cheyette, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Catherine Cheyette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
Depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, problems in intimate relationships and stressful life circumstances are among the reasons people seek psychotherapy. I enjoy helping my clients through their difficulties toward renewal, growth and optimism about their future. In an atmosphere of respect and compassion, my clients and I work collaboratively to explore the difficulties they face and uncover deeper issues which impede the natural resolution of their suffering. This process of self-discovery promotes clarity about the steps which are needed to bring about positive change.
Depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, problems in intimate relationships and stressful life circumstances are among the reasons people seek psychotherapy. I enjoy helping my clients through their difficulties toward renewal, growth and optimism about their future. In an atmosphere of respect and compassion, my clients and I work collaboratively to explore the difficulties they face and uncover deeper issues which impede the natural resolution of their suffering. This process of self-discovery promotes clarity about the steps which are needed to bring about positive change.
(510) 470-7412 View (510) 470-7412
Photo of Marisa Gordon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Marisa Gordon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Are you seeking therapy because you feel stuck, overwhelmed, or lonely? Are you having issues in your relationships, finding it difficult to make connections, or suffering from loss? Are you struggling with issues of identity, racial identity, sex, or sexuality? You are not alone. Whether it’s working through anxiety, depression, trauma, or just seeking personal growth and depth, many of us need support with these normal human challenges, and I can offer you help.
Are you seeking therapy because you feel stuck, overwhelmed, or lonely? Are you having issues in your relationships, finding it difficult to make connections, or suffering from loss? Are you struggling with issues of identity, racial identity, sex, or sexuality? You are not alone. Whether it’s working through anxiety, depression, trauma, or just seeking personal growth and depth, many of us need support with these normal human challenges, and I can offer you help.
(510) 988-5091 View (510) 988-5091
Photo of Ryan Cole, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Ryan Cole
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
You feel like something is off but you're not exactly sure why. Your mind races and you feel stressed most of the time. You have a hard time slowing down and feeling connected with yourself as well as other people in your life. These statements describe the experience of many clients that I work with. I specialize in helping people who feel anxious, disconnected, or just "off." If you experience general anxiety, panic attacks, agitation, or disconnection from yourself or others, then I may be able to help you feel less alone and more settled in your life.
You feel like something is off but you're not exactly sure why. Your mind races and you feel stressed most of the time. You have a hard time slowing down and feeling connected with yourself as well as other people in your life. These statements describe the experience of many clients that I work with. I specialize in helping people who feel anxious, disconnected, or just "off." If you experience general anxiety, panic attacks, agitation, or disconnection from yourself or others, then I may be able to help you feel less alone and more settled in your life.
(510) 681-0284 View (510) 681-0284

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.