Therapists in Salem, OR

Photo of Joleena Abrams in Salem, OR
Joleena Abrams
CMEMI, CCTSA, CLC, MA
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Joleena is Certified in the Treament of Sexual Addiction, is a Certified Betrayal Trauma Coach, a Certified Clinical Trauma and Addiction Specialist, with a Masters of Psychology in Grief Counseling, and a Bachelors of Science in Psychology. Joleena specializes in helping couples working through betrayal and addiction of all kinds. She also works with clients that are struggling with anxiety, addictive behaviors, depression, PTSD, emotional abuse, mental abuse and trauma of various kinds. Her passion is to provide a safe space for her clients and to walk hand-in-hand with them, guiding them through the healing process.
Joleena is Certified in the Treament of Sexual Addiction, is a Certified Betrayal Trauma Coach, a Certified Clinical Trauma and Addiction Specialist, with a Masters of Psychology in Grief Counseling, and a Bachelors of Science in Psychology. Joleena specializes in helping couples working through betrayal and addiction of all kinds. She also works with clients that are struggling with anxiety, addictive behaviors, depression, PTSD, emotional abuse, mental abuse and trauma of various kinds. Her passion is to provide a safe space for her clients and to walk hand-in-hand with them, guiding them through the healing process.
(507) 216-9367 View (507) 216-9367
Photo of Wendy Ludlow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
Wendy Ludlow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Insurance accepted: Aetna, Bluecross/blue shield of Mass, Oscar, United, Aetna, Cigna. Consider therapy as evolution and consciousness development. I am directive - and teach skills and strategies to transform anxiety, to-program your thoughts, to heal trauma, depression, obsession, scattered thoughts, racing thoughts - you will understand where unsupportive thoughts/patterns come from - and have life long skills to evolve. I will support your soul evolution towards your highest good. specialist in child therapy/parent coaching. Build prosocial behaviors in children rather yelling/feeling helpless. Evolve your life!
Insurance accepted: Aetna, Bluecross/blue shield of Mass, Oscar, United, Aetna, Cigna. Consider therapy as evolution and consciousness development. I am directive - and teach skills and strategies to transform anxiety, to-program your thoughts, to heal trauma, depression, obsession, scattered thoughts, racing thoughts - you will understand where unsupportive thoughts/patterns come from - and have life long skills to evolve. I will support your soul evolution towards your highest good. specialist in child therapy/parent coaching. Build prosocial behaviors in children rather yelling/feeling helpless. Evolve your life!
(505) 375-6828 View (505) 375-6828
Photo of Hope Whisperer Christian Counseling, LLC, Pre-Licensed Professional in Salem, OR
Hope Whisperer Christian Counseling, LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
I am Marcie Walker, the Hope Whisperer, who is accepting new clients! In a safe, warm, and supportive environment, I will honor the words you share with me, and travel your journey with you. I have personal experience in therapeutic work with adults and families, as well as working with students at these grade levels: Middle, high, and college ages. I have 23 years experience working with the special needs population. Preventing bullying is my passion, so it is no wonder that, for the past twenty years as staff and student, I have advocated for many who were bullied and treated unfairly.
I am Marcie Walker, the Hope Whisperer, who is accepting new clients! In a safe, warm, and supportive environment, I will honor the words you share with me, and travel your journey with you. I have personal experience in therapeutic work with adults and families, as well as working with students at these grade levels: Middle, high, and college ages. I have 23 years experience working with the special needs population. Preventing bullying is my passion, so it is no wonder that, for the past twenty years as staff and student, I have advocated for many who were bullied and treated unfairly.
(503) 438-4354 View (503) 438-4354
Photo of Nicole Frangella, Professional Counselor Associate in Salem, OR
Nicole Frangella
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Whether you are seeking mental health support for yourself or a loved one, picking a counselor/therapist can be an overwhelming process. I work with preteens, teenagers, and young adults who are struggling with anything related to life transitions, symptoms of anxiety & depression, self-harm, low self-worth, and body image/ disordered eating issues. It is always an honor to work with clients who are ready to address these concerns, create attainable goals, and participate in the life-changing work of therapy. If any of the above relates to yourself or a loved one, then I may be the right fit for you.
Whether you are seeking mental health support for yourself or a loved one, picking a counselor/therapist can be an overwhelming process. I work with preteens, teenagers, and young adults who are struggling with anything related to life transitions, symptoms of anxiety & depression, self-harm, low self-worth, and body image/ disordered eating issues. It is always an honor to work with clients who are ready to address these concerns, create attainable goals, and participate in the life-changing work of therapy. If any of the above relates to yourself or a loved one, then I may be the right fit for you.
(503) 868-2714 View (503) 868-2714
Photo of The Trauma Academy Northwest LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
The Trauma Academy Northwest LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Trauma is a highly complex and personal experience. Everyone's experience and definition of trauma is different. Among both professionals and clients, it is often incredibly misunderstood. It affects us across physical, social, emotional, and spiritual bounds. It compromises our ability to process sensory input and renders us incapable of communicating at times. Traumatic experiences can make us feel "small" and incompetent, incapable of managing basic tasks at times, or we may even develop intermittent or chronic pain.
Trauma is a highly complex and personal experience. Everyone's experience and definition of trauma is different. Among both professionals and clients, it is often incredibly misunderstood. It affects us across physical, social, emotional, and spiritual bounds. It compromises our ability to process sensory input and renders us incapable of communicating at times. Traumatic experiences can make us feel "small" and incompetent, incapable of managing basic tasks at times, or we may even develop intermittent or chronic pain.
(971) 340-4114 View (971) 340-4114
Photo of Carol Beth Georgeson Counseling, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Salem, OR
Carol Beth Georgeson Counseling, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
I provide play therapy and counseling for children and adolescents as well as their parents and families. I also provide therapy for individual adult Clients. It has been my joy to walk with Clients towards their personal therapeutic goals for wellness and mental health with empathy and insight for over 21 years in the behavioral health field. My therapeutic focus is to compassionately assist you in identifying your strengths and current developmental processes and how various internal thought patterns, events, or choices might be interfering with your present wholeness and ability to experience life to the fullest.
I provide play therapy and counseling for children and adolescents as well as their parents and families. I also provide therapy for individual adult Clients. It has been my joy to walk with Clients towards their personal therapeutic goals for wellness and mental health with empathy and insight for over 21 years in the behavioral health field. My therapeutic focus is to compassionately assist you in identifying your strengths and current developmental processes and how various internal thought patterns, events, or choices might be interfering with your present wholeness and ability to experience life to the fullest.
(503) 832-4946 View (503) 832-4946
Photo of Carlos A Taloyo, Psychologist in Salem, OR
Carlos A Taloyo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97302
Not accepting new clients
I've helped people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, or relationship concerns. Often, I see people who in many regards function well (at home, work, and in the community), but struggle with deep pain or dissatisfaction that is difficult to grasp, let alone, release.
I've helped people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, or relationship concerns. Often, I see people who in many regards function well (at home, work, and in the community), but struggle with deep pain or dissatisfaction that is difficult to grasp, let alone, release.
(503) 406-3028 View (503) 406-3028
Photo of Carlene Shultz, Psychologist in Salem, OR
Carlene Shultz
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97302
Not accepting new clients
My name is Carlene Shultz and I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience as a therapist helping people heal from trauma and the effects of childhood abuse, substance use and co-dependence; navigate life transitions; create and nurture the relationships in their lives (including Self relationship); and develop and strengthen their spritual base. People come to see me with concerns including depression, anxiety, grief and loss, relationship difficulties or emerging awareness of the presence of addictive or abusive patterns in their lives. I help them identify inner gifts, unlocked blocked potential and transform their lives.
My name is Carlene Shultz and I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience as a therapist helping people heal from trauma and the effects of childhood abuse, substance use and co-dependence; navigate life transitions; create and nurture the relationships in their lives (including Self relationship); and develop and strengthen their spritual base. People come to see me with concerns including depression, anxiety, grief and loss, relationship difficulties or emerging awareness of the presence of addictive or abusive patterns in their lives. I help them identify inner gifts, unlocked blocked potential and transform their lives.
(971) 236-5025 View (971) 236-5025
Photo of Amanda McHugh, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Salem, OR
Amanda McHugh
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, LMFTA
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My counseling approach is based on the belief that everyone can create meaningful change within themselves. I believe that all entities whether it be individuals, couples or families have the innate ability to create change and resolve issues. I think we are all intrinsically designed to be resilient and to find strength from within ourselves when it is needed. As a forward thinker, I am prone to believe that when hope is instilled, and solutions are sought or offered there is always a greater possibility for change to occur.
My counseling approach is based on the belief that everyone can create meaningful change within themselves. I believe that all entities whether it be individuals, couples or families have the innate ability to create change and resolve issues. I think we are all intrinsically designed to be resilient and to find strength from within ourselves when it is needed. As a forward thinker, I am prone to believe that when hope is instilled, and solutions are sought or offered there is always a greater possibility for change to occur.
(503) 822-7604 View (503) 822-7604
Photo of The Healing Haven, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
The Healing Haven
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97302
I have been working in the therapeutic field for 33 years and am licensed Mental Health Therapist and Clinical Hypnotherapist. My strengths are in relationship issues,eating disorders,weight loss,addictions, anxiety, depression, trauma and chronic pain. I work with adults, teens using psychotherapy and/or hypnotherapy. I am totally committed to my work and have numerous references. I can accommodate your work schedule and work schedule. I am the founder of The Healing Haven. Visit our website www.healinghaven.net to see all of our therapists. We are able to provide secure online therapy particularly during this difficult time
I have been working in the therapeutic field for 33 years and am licensed Mental Health Therapist and Clinical Hypnotherapist. My strengths are in relationship issues,eating disorders,weight loss,addictions, anxiety, depression, trauma and chronic pain. I work with adults, teens using psychotherapy and/or hypnotherapy. I am totally committed to my work and have numerous references. I can accommodate your work schedule and work schedule. I am the founder of The Healing Haven. Visit our website www.healinghaven.net to see all of our therapists. We are able to provide secure online therapy particularly during this difficult time
(971) 236-5193 View (971) 236-5193
Photo of Leanna K Jones-Bishop, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Leanna K Jones-Bishop
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC®, CADCI
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that mental health is an important element in the overall wellbeing of all individuals. I employ techniques based on evidenced based practices; to ensure your services are high quality, ethically sound, and culturally appropriate and sensitive to your needs as a consumer. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, CADC, and National Certification through NBCC I have met high national standards and commit to ongoing quality and verified trainings.
I believe that mental health is an important element in the overall wellbeing of all individuals. I employ techniques based on evidenced based practices; to ensure your services are high quality, ethically sound, and culturally appropriate and sensitive to your needs as a consumer. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, CADC, and National Certification through NBCC I have met high national standards and commit to ongoing quality and verified trainings.
(503) 461-4757 View (503) 461-4757
Photo of Bryan Hodson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Bryan Hodson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97304
Now accepting Aetna, Cigna, Optum, and Unitedhealthcare. Also Canopy/Cascade Centers EAP and Optum EAP. Accepting new clients! I have 7 years experience and specialized training to assist individuals struggling with pornography and out of control sexual behavior. I am also trained to use EMDR for clients struggling with trauma memories, PTSD, and panic attacks. I can assist clients in all other general mental health areas, including anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, and conflict management.
Now accepting Aetna, Cigna, Optum, and Unitedhealthcare. Also Canopy/Cascade Centers EAP and Optum EAP. Accepting new clients! I have 7 years experience and specialized training to assist individuals struggling with pornography and out of control sexual behavior. I am also trained to use EMDR for clients struggling with trauma memories, PTSD, and panic attacks. I can assist clients in all other general mental health areas, including anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, and conflict management.
(503) 925-3009 View (503) 925-3009
Photo of Cristina Cuevas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Cristina Cuevas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Cristina Cuevas is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 12 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about helping kids, adolescents, and adults to address their individual challenges and live more productive and fulfilling lives. Cristina specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, and relationship issues, as well as major life transitions.
Cristina Cuevas is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 12 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about helping kids, adolescents, and adults to address their individual challenges and live more productive and fulfilling lives. Cristina specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, and relationship issues, as well as major life transitions.
(503) 966-2714 View (503) 966-2714
Photo of Enlighten Counseling and Consulting, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Enlighten Counseling and Consulting, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CRC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97304
Accepting new clients both in person and telehealth - Are you someone who is looking to make changes in your current way of being? Hoping to unlock patterns that have kept you stuck? Looking to live a life of meaning? I am passionate about helping others to discover more about themselves, and to live a life of freedom from past conditioning and experiences through a combination of therapeutic approaches to provide you with the tools you need for greater understanding and insight.
Accepting new clients both in person and telehealth - Are you someone who is looking to make changes in your current way of being? Hoping to unlock patterns that have kept you stuck? Looking to live a life of meaning? I am passionate about helping others to discover more about themselves, and to live a life of freedom from past conditioning and experiences through a combination of therapeutic approaches to provide you with the tools you need for greater understanding and insight.
(503) 386-0388 View (503) 386-0388
Photo of Heather Sly-Haley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Heather Sly-Haley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97302
When working with clients, I see people as unique individuals who are trying to find their own meaning for their lives and a purpose in life. Through therapy we can learn so much about ourselves and our goals which we might not even be aware of up to this point. Part of my belief in therapy is centered in the idea that each person is capable of reaching their desired self or achieving self actualization. I believe individuals and relationships are trying to find their best possible versions of self. In my practice I emphasize promoting communication and emotional awareness.
When working with clients, I see people as unique individuals who are trying to find their own meaning for their lives and a purpose in life. Through therapy we can learn so much about ourselves and our goals which we might not even be aware of up to this point. Part of my belief in therapy is centered in the idea that each person is capable of reaching their desired self or achieving self actualization. I believe individuals and relationships are trying to find their best possible versions of self. In my practice I emphasize promoting communication and emotional awareness.
(971) 232-5735 View (971) 232-5735
Photo of Lacey Faughender, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
Lacey Faughender
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Not accepting new clients
Does everything feel hard or like a lot of work? Not sure what to do or where to start? When you're ready, Branches of Change Counseling LLC is here to help you find a starting point to break away from feeling stuck or lost. Reach out today to get started.
Does everything feel hard or like a lot of work? Not sure what to do or where to start? When you're ready, Branches of Change Counseling LLC is here to help you find a starting point to break away from feeling stuck or lost. Reach out today to get started.
(503) 966-2326 View (503) 966-2326
Photo of Nicole La Verne, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Nicole La Verne
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC, MAC, CADC II, ACS
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
*Open and seeing clients by Telehealth.* Is life becoming challenging, overwhelming, confusing, unfair, and more? I understand! I have over 25 years of experience supporting people struggling with a variety of issues - depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma & PTSD, grief & loss, life changes, abuse, and more. I personally and professionally understand the dynamics that accompany many of these life challenges.
*Open and seeing clients by Telehealth.* Is life becoming challenging, overwhelming, confusing, unfair, and more? I understand! I have over 25 years of experience supporting people struggling with a variety of issues - depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma & PTSD, grief & loss, life changes, abuse, and more. I personally and professionally understand the dynamics that accompany many of these life challenges.
(971) 251-1647 View (971) 251-1647
Photo of Mark Rautiola, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Mark Rautiola
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97302  (Online Only)
As of 4/25/24, I have many new openings as I switch to a new company on May 1st, please call Mid Valley Counseling to learn more, using the number listed here. Are you in need of support? Do you need someone to fully listen and share with you in your difficult issues or life experiences? Whether it's depression, anxiety, grief or a difficult life transition, sharing and working through painful feelings can be very healing. I can help with relationship difficulties as well as learning to have healthy boundaries.
As of 4/25/24, I have many new openings as I switch to a new company on May 1st, please call Mid Valley Counseling to learn more, using the number listed here. Are you in need of support? Do you need someone to fully listen and share with you in your difficult issues or life experiences? Whether it's depression, anxiety, grief or a difficult life transition, sharing and working through painful feelings can be very healing. I can help with relationship difficulties as well as learning to have healthy boundaries.
(503) 831-9306 View (503) 831-9306
Photo of Scott K Elmore, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Scott K Elmore
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC, CCSOT
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Waitlist for new clients
Greetings neighbors. I am a person-centered therapist. I believe you are the expert of your life, and it’s my job to help you identify and overcome obstacles in life that are keeping you from experiencing true happiness and joy. I work with individuals, couples, and families who are facing difficult challenges in their lives, by being supportive, affirming, and helping identify unwanted and disruptive behaviors and thinking patterns.
Greetings neighbors. I am a person-centered therapist. I believe you are the expert of your life, and it’s my job to help you identify and overcome obstacles in life that are keeping you from experiencing true happiness and joy. I work with individuals, couples, and families who are facing difficult challenges in their lives, by being supportive, affirming, and helping identify unwanted and disruptive behaviors and thinking patterns.
(971) 283-7300 View (971) 283-7300
Photo of Anthony Gagliardo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
Anthony Gagliardo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, MAC, CCHT
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Waitlist for new clients
Many of my clients would agree that what they look for in a counselor is someone who "has been there themselves." They look for someone that has the education and experience to successfully assist them. I have that combination of personal experiences and educational background. My goal is to help you feel better, cope with life, and get on the path to a more happy and productive life. I will teach you to identify, solve, and cope with problems. I am Psychedelic's friendly.
Many of my clients would agree that what they look for in a counselor is someone who "has been there themselves." They look for someone that has the education and experience to successfully assist them. I have that combination of personal experiences and educational background. My goal is to help you feel better, cope with life, and get on the path to a more happy and productive life. I will teach you to identify, solve, and cope with problems. I am Psychedelic's friendly.
(503) 581-7550 View (503) 581-7550

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Salem, OR

400+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Salem, OR who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
85% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
70% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

62% PacificSource
50% Providence
47% Aetna

How Therapists in Salem, OR see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
21% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Salem?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.