Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Angela Herron, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Angela Herron
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
I have been working as a mental health clinician for nearly two decades. I take a client-centered, strength-based approach to working with clients. I draw from a variety of approaches but tend heavily toward evidence-based treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). I incorporate useful aspects from several research-based modalities, including Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Motivational Interviewing. I am trained in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR).
I have been working as a mental health clinician for nearly two decades. I take a client-centered, strength-based approach to working with clients. I draw from a variety of approaches but tend heavily toward evidence-based treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). I incorporate useful aspects from several research-based modalities, including Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Motivational Interviewing. I am trained in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR).
(415) 792-4788 View (415) 792-4788
Photo of Marge Iurato Torrance, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Marge Iurato Torrance
Psychologist, MSW, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709
Hello, I'm a psychologist with more than 20 years experience working with adults and teens. If you are suddenly depressed or anxious because of a crisis, or change in your life, I can work with you to find balance and wellness. If you have been unhappy for some time and need some help to figure out the next best step in your life, then I will be happy to listen and work with you. Whether your problems are in college, grad school, a job, a marriage, family issues, or your past, I will help you find solutions.
Hello, I'm a psychologist with more than 20 years experience working with adults and teens. If you are suddenly depressed or anxious because of a crisis, or change in your life, I can work with you to find balance and wellness. If you have been unhappy for some time and need some help to figure out the next best step in your life, then I will be happy to listen and work with you. Whether your problems are in college, grad school, a job, a marriage, family issues, or your past, I will help you find solutions.
(510) 876-9965 View (510) 876-9965
Photo of Cindy Blackett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Cindy Blackett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707  (Online Only)
I specialize in work with couples and individual adults dealing with relationship problems. Common issues for couples I see include communication difficulties, affairs, arguing or withdrawing, parenting conflict. I have experience working with a diverse range of people, including couples in mixed race/culture relationships, inter-faith relationships and members of the LGBTQ+ community.
I specialize in work with couples and individual adults dealing with relationship problems. Common issues for couples I see include communication difficulties, affairs, arguing or withdrawing, parenting conflict. I have experience working with a diverse range of people, including couples in mixed race/culture relationships, inter-faith relationships and members of the LGBTQ+ community.
(510) 470-6685 View (510) 470-6685
Photo of Hannah Joy Tamezoujt, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Hannah Joy Tamezoujt
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Note: I am only accepting couples at this time. The clients I work with often seek to address the root of their challenges, rather than quiet the symptoms. Through somatic and ketamine-assisted psychotherapy I support clients in getting to that root, and building a firm foundation for wellbeing. If you are coming to therapy as a couple, I will support you in paying attention to the nonverbal behaviors that may be contributing to painful dynamics of disconnection. I will also invite you to take practices you find helpful from our sessions into your daily life.
Note: I am only accepting couples at this time. The clients I work with often seek to address the root of their challenges, rather than quiet the symptoms. Through somatic and ketamine-assisted psychotherapy I support clients in getting to that root, and building a firm foundation for wellbeing. If you are coming to therapy as a couple, I will support you in paying attention to the nonverbal behaviors that may be contributing to painful dynamics of disconnection. I will also invite you to take practices you find helpful from our sessions into your daily life.
(831) 208-3278 View (831) 208-3278
Photo of Hannah Klempner, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Hannah Klempner
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
I provide individual therapy for adults who are seeking to heal prior family wounds and traumas, improve their current relationships and quality of life, and are seeking support during times of transition - especially to parenthood. My personal belief is that there are three things that cause an immense amount of suffering for most people; 1) our inability to effectively identify, feel, and communicate our emotions, 2) our difficulty with tolerating uncertainty, and 3) our tendency to get stuck in patterns of rigidity. My work tends to be emotion-focused, helping clients to live more freely and flexibly.
I provide individual therapy for adults who are seeking to heal prior family wounds and traumas, improve their current relationships and quality of life, and are seeking support during times of transition - especially to parenthood. My personal belief is that there are three things that cause an immense amount of suffering for most people; 1) our inability to effectively identify, feel, and communicate our emotions, 2) our difficulty with tolerating uncertainty, and 3) our tendency to get stuck in patterns of rigidity. My work tends to be emotion-focused, helping clients to live more freely and flexibly.
(341) 999-5868 View (341) 999-5868
Photo of Mary Beth Schuler, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Mary Beth Schuler
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
There are so many reasons folx come to therapy, but most often it is because folx notice something isn’t working quite right, and they would like a change. My practice is rooted in the belief that therapy is a form of liberation. Understanding your emotional landscape, locating yourself in society, and exploring capitalism’s impact on you can help find your authentic self. My work is relational, person-centered, and trauma- and strengths-informed. Each person is unique, so we will collaborate to tailor your therapy to meet your needs. I draw upon the following therapies: humanistic, attachment, liberation, and feminist.
There are so many reasons folx come to therapy, but most often it is because folx notice something isn’t working quite right, and they would like a change. My practice is rooted in the belief that therapy is a form of liberation. Understanding your emotional landscape, locating yourself in society, and exploring capitalism’s impact on you can help find your authentic self. My work is relational, person-centered, and trauma- and strengths-informed. Each person is unique, so we will collaborate to tailor your therapy to meet your needs. I draw upon the following therapies: humanistic, attachment, liberation, and feminist.
(415) 639-3526 View (415) 639-3526
Photo of Vivek Anand, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Vivek Anand
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MArch, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
You are hurting, or anxious, are considering psychotherapy and whether to trust me to facilitate your healing. My experience with adults, couples and children will support your inner journey and that of loved ones. We will create space for you to contemplate internal, external and relationship challenges. Through an attuned therapeutic relationship, I will help you address internal challenges - depression, anxiety and trauma. Empathically, I help you face external challenges - discrimination, immigration and life transitions. I also support you in navigating relationships, in which your internal worlds connect with those of others.
You are hurting, or anxious, are considering psychotherapy and whether to trust me to facilitate your healing. My experience with adults, couples and children will support your inner journey and that of loved ones. We will create space for you to contemplate internal, external and relationship challenges. Through an attuned therapeutic relationship, I will help you address internal challenges - depression, anxiety and trauma. Empathically, I help you face external challenges - discrimination, immigration and life transitions. I also support you in navigating relationships, in which your internal worlds connect with those of others.
(415) 965-7434 View (415) 965-7434
Photo of Debra Milinsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Debra Milinsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
Every journey.. your first thought to call a therapist when you need to talk to someone, begins with a single step. When anxiety, depression, stress, personal, family, work relationship problems lead you to reach out, I will listen and help you find the best way through. Experienced licensed psychotherapist, 40+ years in general psychotherapy practice, I provide a safe place to talk, explore, resolve, heal what is challenging or troubling. I bring compassion, perceptiveness combined with patience, curiosity and many years of knowledge and skill to our collaboration to help you find effective solutions and make better life choices.
Every journey.. your first thought to call a therapist when you need to talk to someone, begins with a single step. When anxiety, depression, stress, personal, family, work relationship problems lead you to reach out, I will listen and help you find the best way through. Experienced licensed psychotherapist, 40+ years in general psychotherapy practice, I provide a safe place to talk, explore, resolve, heal what is challenging or troubling. I bring compassion, perceptiveness combined with patience, curiosity and many years of knowledge and skill to our collaboration to help you find effective solutions and make better life choices.
(510) 761-5931 View (510) 761-5931
Photo of Taryn M Thomas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Taryn M Thomas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709
Why do therapy? Why embark on a relationship with someone you don't know, to talk about difficulties or challenges in your life? Sometimes, when we tell family or friends how we are feeling, they react personally or try to explain away our experiences rather than make room for them. I believe that a relationship with a therapist is one in which significant change can take place. The neutral environment of therapy provides space to explore our experiences without worrying about angering, hurting, or upsetting someone else.
Why do therapy? Why embark on a relationship with someone you don't know, to talk about difficulties or challenges in your life? Sometimes, when we tell family or friends how we are feeling, they react personally or try to explain away our experiences rather than make room for them. I believe that a relationship with a therapist is one in which significant change can take place. The neutral environment of therapy provides space to explore our experiences without worrying about angering, hurting, or upsetting someone else.
(510) 496-6070 View (510) 496-6070
Photo of Sarah Ross, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Sarah Ross
Psychologist, PhD, SEP
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709
I specialize in working with those who identify as women, using somatic methods that increase awareness of the body in the present moment. These methods allow past experiences that remain "stuck," within us to be contacted in the present and internal states can begin to shift. "Stories," or habitual patterns, that keep us from experiencing optimal well-being are interrupted and replaced with new possibilities. Somatic methods are effective in addressing a variety of treatment needs such as trauma, anxiety, depression as well as challenges with children and in families.
I specialize in working with those who identify as women, using somatic methods that increase awareness of the body in the present moment. These methods allow past experiences that remain "stuck," within us to be contacted in the present and internal states can begin to shift. "Stories," or habitual patterns, that keep us from experiencing optimal well-being are interrupted and replaced with new possibilities. Somatic methods are effective in addressing a variety of treatment needs such as trauma, anxiety, depression as well as challenges with children and in families.
(415) 610-7057 View (415) 610-7057
Photo of Herman Sandhu, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Herman Sandhu
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
Many of the clients I work with have either lost or struggled to develop a sense of control in their lives and relationships– having fallen into destructive patterns of substance abuse/addiction and impulsive and/or self-harming behaviors. Others may be struggling with an excess of self-imposed control– leading to a sense of isolation and fear of taking healthy risks. Some are confronting a major life-transition, loss of identity, divorce, death of a loved one or faced with a pervading sense of meaninglessness. All are, in one way or another, seeking to increase their sense of personal agency and effectiveness in daily life.
Many of the clients I work with have either lost or struggled to develop a sense of control in their lives and relationships– having fallen into destructive patterns of substance abuse/addiction and impulsive and/or self-harming behaviors. Others may be struggling with an excess of self-imposed control– leading to a sense of isolation and fear of taking healthy risks. Some are confronting a major life-transition, loss of identity, divorce, death of a loved one or faced with a pervading sense of meaninglessness. All are, in one way or another, seeking to increase their sense of personal agency and effectiveness in daily life.
(510) 726-6247 View (510) 726-6247
Photo of Dr. Loren Steinberg, Psychological Associate in Berkeley, CA
Dr. Loren Steinberg
Psychological Associate, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Many of my clients are disabled, queer, and trans. I love to support individuals and families in finding and shifting cycles that keep them stuck. This can look like a cycle of anxiety that keeps swirling and growing no matter how much you try to avoid or reassure it. Or like families that are caught in challenging cycles of communication, who are working to shift things but feel caught in old patterns. My clients are often impacted by multiple layers of social and internalized stigma. Specific issues my clients seek care for include OCD, ADHD, depression, trauma, bereavement, and identity development around disability and gender.
Many of my clients are disabled, queer, and trans. I love to support individuals and families in finding and shifting cycles that keep them stuck. This can look like a cycle of anxiety that keeps swirling and growing no matter how much you try to avoid or reassure it. Or like families that are caught in challenging cycles of communication, who are working to shift things but feel caught in old patterns. My clients are often impacted by multiple layers of social and internalized stigma. Specific issues my clients seek care for include OCD, ADHD, depression, trauma, bereavement, and identity development around disability and gender.
(341) 999-2343 View (341) 999-2343
Photo of Nancy Jackson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Nancy Jackson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
Authentic change happens from the inside out. It can't be veneered onto one's surface. Painful life experiences create a complex web inside that shapes a person's world. This web can limit one's ability to find joy and meaning in life. Psychotherapy offers a way to access deep emotional experience. As therapy proceeds connections will start to appear between past & current life experience. Problematic internal patterns will become visible and open to reevaluation and change. As internal stress decreases, clarity, joy and meaning will have the chance to emerge.
Authentic change happens from the inside out. It can't be veneered onto one's surface. Painful life experiences create a complex web inside that shapes a person's world. This web can limit one's ability to find joy and meaning in life. Psychotherapy offers a way to access deep emotional experience. As therapy proceeds connections will start to appear between past & current life experience. Problematic internal patterns will become visible and open to reevaluation and change. As internal stress decreases, clarity, joy and meaning will have the chance to emerge.
(925) 965-7599 View (925) 965-7599
Photo of Barbara Hart, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Barbara Hart
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94703
I have over 20 years of experience with a individuals, couples and families. I also have a background in chemical dependency and codependency.
I have over 20 years of experience with a individuals, couples and families. I also have a background in chemical dependency and codependency.
(510) 240-1838 View (510) 240-1838
Photo of Marcus Davis, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Marcus Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Marcus utilizes a strengths-based and client-centered approach to therapy.  “I believe the human spirit has an astounding capacity for resilience against seemingly unbeatable odds and that the solutions we seek are already within us. I meet the client where they are and help build upon their existing skills to create a life they are excited about”.   Marcus’ background includes working with youth in residential housing settings, high schools, youth programs, unhoused families in crisis, BIPOC, and LGBTQ+ communities.
Marcus utilizes a strengths-based and client-centered approach to therapy.  “I believe the human spirit has an astounding capacity for resilience against seemingly unbeatable odds and that the solutions we seek are already within us. I meet the client where they are and help build upon their existing skills to create a life they are excited about”.   Marcus’ background includes working with youth in residential housing settings, high schools, youth programs, unhoused families in crisis, BIPOC, and LGBTQ+ communities.
(510) 327-3222 View (510) 327-3222
Photo of Betty Tharpe, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Betty Tharpe
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Not accepting new clients
I work with adults, adolescents, children and couples / families. If you are anxious, depressed, or lonely; in a troubled relationship, grieving, haunted by childhood trauma, or painful, confusing feelings; it can be hard to make headway alone. There are times when the reason for coming to therapy is clear (a loss, a crisis), other times a feeling that something is holding you back, or keeping you from your self.
I work with adults, adolescents, children and couples / families. If you are anxious, depressed, or lonely; in a troubled relationship, grieving, haunted by childhood trauma, or painful, confusing feelings; it can be hard to make headway alone. There are times when the reason for coming to therapy is clear (a loss, a crisis), other times a feeling that something is holding you back, or keeping you from your self.
(510) 735-8960 View (510) 735-8960
Photo of Alisa Crovetti, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Alisa Crovetti
Psychologist, MA, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
Waitlist for new clients
I offer psychotherapy for ages 14 and up and neuropsychological assessment for ages 6 and up. My therapy approach is relational and solution focused and begins with building a mutual understanding of your goals and how those goals will make a positive difference in your life. If aligned with your goals, I may introduce CBT and DBT informed interventions to address specific concerns. My assessments provide comprehensive written reports of clients' learning and mental health profiles, which may be used to document diagnoses so clients receive appropriate accommodations in school and/or on standardized admissions/licensing exams.
I offer psychotherapy for ages 14 and up and neuropsychological assessment for ages 6 and up. My therapy approach is relational and solution focused and begins with building a mutual understanding of your goals and how those goals will make a positive difference in your life. If aligned with your goals, I may introduce CBT and DBT informed interventions to address specific concerns. My assessments provide comprehensive written reports of clients' learning and mental health profiles, which may be used to document diagnoses so clients receive appropriate accommodations in school and/or on standardized admissions/licensing exams.
(510) 817-2037 View (510) 817-2037
Photo of Ethan Schwartz, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Ethan Schwartz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
My work involves collaborating with individuals and couples on their own personal recipes for life satisfaction and what their lives will look like when the "problem" is no longer a problem. I try to carefully separate the "problem" from the person, who is often doing the best he or she can, so we can identify strengths, resiliencies, and resources that allow clients to construct a life worth living and a relationship worth celebrating. This does not mean ignoring difficult issues or painful areas, but it is important to know at the outset how we will know therapy has been successful.
My work involves collaborating with individuals and couples on their own personal recipes for life satisfaction and what their lives will look like when the "problem" is no longer a problem. I try to carefully separate the "problem" from the person, who is often doing the best he or she can, so we can identify strengths, resiliencies, and resources that allow clients to construct a life worth living and a relationship worth celebrating. This does not mean ignoring difficult issues or painful areas, but it is important to know at the outset how we will know therapy has been successful.
(510) 878-6472 View (510) 878-6472
Photo of Gillian Fynn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Gillian Fynn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
We all need support during difficult times. If you have a history of trauma leaving you feeling overwhelmed or totally stressed, we can use EMDR and IFS to stop the past having such an impact on you now. Perhaps you grew up in a dysfunctional family and wonder "what's normal, what's healthy?" Even if you don't have major problems, talking through challenges and gaining perspective is important. If you are a parent I have specialized training to help build your confidence as a parent including play therapy for young children. I will meet in person under strict COVID guidelines.
We all need support during difficult times. If you have a history of trauma leaving you feeling overwhelmed or totally stressed, we can use EMDR and IFS to stop the past having such an impact on you now. Perhaps you grew up in a dysfunctional family and wonder "what's normal, what's healthy?" Even if you don't have major problems, talking through challenges and gaining perspective is important. If you are a parent I have specialized training to help build your confidence as a parent including play therapy for young children. I will meet in person under strict COVID guidelines.
(510) 931-7115 View (510) 931-7115
Photo of Heather Paige Collins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Heather Paige Collins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I have over 20 years of clinical experience working with children and adults in a variety of settings, including in-patient and out-patient psychotherapy, and schools. While I enjoy helping people who have relationship problems and suffer from depression, I also have expertise with children and adolescents who have experienced trauma, suffer from anxiety, mood disorders, or adjustment issues related to family stressors.
I have over 20 years of clinical experience working with children and adults in a variety of settings, including in-patient and out-patient psychotherapy, and schools. While I enjoy helping people who have relationship problems and suffer from depression, I also have expertise with children and adolescents who have experienced trauma, suffer from anxiety, mood disorders, or adjustment issues related to family stressors.
(510) 545-3703 View (510) 545-3703

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.