Therapists in Portland, OR

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Photo of Janelle Stuvland, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Portland, OR
Janelle Stuvland
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97225
I work with individuals, couples, and families in the midst of some of your most painful and confusing moments and help you move forward with courage and resiliency. As your therapist, I will join you with compassion, authenticity, and curiosity as we explore the challenges you face, places you get stuck, and discover new ways of experiencing yourself and your relationships so you can experience safety, trust, and acceptance in meaningful, connecting relationships.
I work with individuals, couples, and families in the midst of some of your most painful and confusing moments and help you move forward with courage and resiliency. As your therapist, I will join you with compassion, authenticity, and curiosity as we explore the challenges you face, places you get stuck, and discover new ways of experiencing yourself and your relationships so you can experience safety, trust, and acceptance in meaningful, connecting relationships.
(971) 247-1255 View (971) 247-1255
Photo of Colleen Moloney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Colleen Moloney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97211
I've worked in the mental health field for over 30 years in a variety of settings and in private practice for 20 years. Currently I work with adults and couples. A primary focus of my work is centered around relationships which are both exciting and complicated.Therapy creates a safe, non-judgmental space for self reflection, connection and growth. With a sense of connection to your own values, you can make conscious and informed decisions about how you move in the world and in relationships. I see my job as helping you to discover and practice who you want to be.
I've worked in the mental health field for over 30 years in a variety of settings and in private practice for 20 years. Currently I work with adults and couples. A primary focus of my work is centered around relationships which are both exciting and complicated.Therapy creates a safe, non-judgmental space for self reflection, connection and growth. With a sense of connection to your own values, you can make conscious and informed decisions about how you move in the world and in relationships. I see my job as helping you to discover and practice who you want to be.
(971) 247-9890 View (971) 247-9890
Photo of Anne Allanketner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Anne Allanketner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MFT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97213  (Online Only)
A healthy life is full of transformation, change and growth. Sometimes the normal "growing pains" are accompanied by isolation, depression, anxiety and real loss. I welcome people who have the courage to seek another view point, to break the isolation and find the hidden beauty of transformation, amidst the chaos.
A healthy life is full of transformation, change and growth. Sometimes the normal "growing pains" are accompanied by isolation, depression, anxiety and real loss. I welcome people who have the courage to seek another view point, to break the isolation and find the hidden beauty of transformation, amidst the chaos.
(503) 567-4725 View (503) 567-4725
Photo of Ronald Lee Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Ronald Lee Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADC, CYT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97213
Not accepting new clients
I offer mindfulness-based and holistic services to those affected by stress, anxiety, depression, or various unwanted addictive behaviors. Stressors can be from work, relationships, or concerns about the World, among others. Addictive cycles can include drugs or alcohol, food, or destructive romantic patterns. Within the context of mindfulness-based approaches I have studied in both college and spiritual settings, these behaviors are seen to be driven by unconscious, automatic pressures that can be brought into awareness and resolved. They fill a void in one's life that can be replaced by a sense of wholeness, completeness, autonomy, and authenticity.
I offer mindfulness-based and holistic services to those affected by stress, anxiety, depression, or various unwanted addictive behaviors. Stressors can be from work, relationships, or concerns about the World, among others. Addictive cycles can include drugs or alcohol, food, or destructive romantic patterns. Within the context of mindfulness-based approaches I have studied in both college and spiritual settings, these behaviors are seen to be driven by unconscious, automatic pressures that can be brought into awareness and resolved. They fill a void in one's life that can be replaced by a sense of wholeness, completeness, autonomy, and authenticity.
(503) 828-9650 View (503) 828-9650
Photo of Carolyn Knutson Mind-Body Therapist, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Carolyn Knutson Mind-Body Therapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97215
Welcome to a holistic approach to mental health. I offer individual counseling and embodiment sessions to address developmental trauma, PTSD, stress, anxiety, depression, addictions, chronic pain/auto-immune disorders, and spiritual/energetic issues. ​
Welcome to a holistic approach to mental health. I offer individual counseling and embodiment sessions to address developmental trauma, PTSD, stress, anxiety, depression, addictions, chronic pain/auto-immune disorders, and spiritual/energetic issues. ​
(971) 803-5976 View (971) 803-5976
Photo of Alive IV and Wellness - Ketamine Therapy in Portland, OR
Alive IV and Wellness - Ketamine Therapy
NP
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97229
At Alive IV and Wellness, we understand the profound impact of persistent mental health conditions. Our clients seek innovative and compassionate care to regain control and hope. We specialize in individualized ketamine therapy, creating a supportive and empathetic environment for optimal healing. Choosing us means entering a partnership dedicated to your mental wellness journey. We're here to foster resilience, hope, and a renewed zest for life.
At Alive IV and Wellness, we understand the profound impact of persistent mental health conditions. Our clients seek innovative and compassionate care to regain control and hope. We specialize in individualized ketamine therapy, creating a supportive and empathetic environment for optimal healing. Choosing us means entering a partnership dedicated to your mental wellness journey. We're here to foster resilience, hope, and a renewed zest for life.
(971) 278-9901 View (971) 278-9901
Photo of Thelma Vega, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Thelma Vega
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97202  (Online Only)
El objetivo del trabajo colaborativo en terapia puede ser el alcanzar una consciencia y entendimiento profundo de los patrones de comportamientos, sentimientos y creencias negativas que poseemos para transformarlos en soluciones creativas. Tengo más de 25 años de experiencia como terapeuta. Mi formación académica y profesional tanto en Latinoamérica como en los Estados Unidos, me ha expuesto a experiencias y conocimientos que me conducen a creer profundamente en la capacidad del ser humano para desarrollar su poder creativo de transformación, a pesar de los retos de vida.
El objetivo del trabajo colaborativo en terapia puede ser el alcanzar una consciencia y entendimiento profundo de los patrones de comportamientos, sentimientos y creencias negativas que poseemos para transformarlos en soluciones creativas. Tengo más de 25 años de experiencia como terapeuta. Mi formación académica y profesional tanto en Latinoamérica como en los Estados Unidos, me ha expuesto a experiencias y conocimientos que me conducen a creer profundamente en la capacidad del ser humano para desarrollar su poder creativo de transformación, a pesar de los retos de vida.
(971) 265-8274 View (971) 265-8274
Photo of Gillian Boudreau, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Gillian Boudreau
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97212
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and a licensed school psychologist. I hold a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Long Island University in Brooklyn, NY. Urban and rural, inpatient and outpatient work settings have taught me about the many challenges an individual may face including experiences of oppression and injustice, as well as a deep appreciation for the richness of the human experience. My style is described as warm, analytical and collaborative, balancing deep emotional work with elements of humor and lightness when appropriate. I aim to help clients address the root of complex challenges, in a safe and supported way.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and a licensed school psychologist. I hold a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Long Island University in Brooklyn, NY. Urban and rural, inpatient and outpatient work settings have taught me about the many challenges an individual may face including experiences of oppression and injustice, as well as a deep appreciation for the richness of the human experience. My style is described as warm, analytical and collaborative, balancing deep emotional work with elements of humor and lightness when appropriate. I aim to help clients address the root of complex challenges, in a safe and supported way.
(971) 306-4786 View (971) 306-4786
Photo of Andrew Arehart, Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
Andrew Arehart
Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A, M Ed
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97214
I have tremendous admiration for people who are willing to show up for themselves and take on the work that leads to growth. With such gratitude and sincerity, I offer you a space to connect, be listened to, and learn more about yourself. Clients describe me as down-to-earth, easygoing, and truly genuine. They find they can be themselves with me, build trust, and do the work they'd like to do with self-reflection and skill development to learn how to have corrective emotional experiences with others that improve their relationships and quality of life.
I have tremendous admiration for people who are willing to show up for themselves and take on the work that leads to growth. With such gratitude and sincerity, I offer you a space to connect, be listened to, and learn more about yourself. Clients describe me as down-to-earth, easygoing, and truly genuine. They find they can be themselves with me, build trust, and do the work they'd like to do with self-reflection and skill development to learn how to have corrective emotional experiences with others that improve their relationships and quality of life.
(503) 647-6339 View (503) 647-6339
Photo of Sally J Van Meter, MA LPC, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Sally J Van Meter, MA LPC, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97213
If you're feeling stuck, challenged, frustrated, repeating patterns that no longer serve you and do not know how to live your best life, let's work through these things together. If you're not sure of your goals or what is preventing you from moving forward that is a fine place to start or continue on your path to change and healing. Life can present us with many surprises including anxiety, trauma, depression, aging, illness, grief and loss. These are all human and change and healing is possible. My online therapy sessions are confidential and inviting. I have limited in person visits.
If you're feeling stuck, challenged, frustrated, repeating patterns that no longer serve you and do not know how to live your best life, let's work through these things together. If you're not sure of your goals or what is preventing you from moving forward that is a fine place to start or continue on your path to change and healing. Life can present us with many surprises including anxiety, trauma, depression, aging, illness, grief and loss. These are all human and change and healing is possible. My online therapy sessions are confidential and inviting. I have limited in person visits.
(503) 714-7616 View (503) 714-7616
Photo of Stephanie N Egbers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Stephanie N Egbers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97232
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in serving children and families on issues related to anxiety, anger management, social skill difficulties, family relational problems, trauma, depression, grief and loss. My work focuses on educating families about appropriate play strategies and interaction techniques, and on working directly with children to develop new behaviors to cope with daily life stress. My major focus is on developing and reinforcing skills which research shows to foster healthy child development, self esteem, and relationships while assisting families in developing nurturing and enriching environments for all members. I encourage open communication with clients to ensure appropriate techniques with children and families.
I specialize in serving children and families on issues related to anxiety, anger management, social skill difficulties, family relational problems, trauma, depression, grief and loss. My work focuses on educating families about appropriate play strategies and interaction techniques, and on working directly with children to develop new behaviors to cope with daily life stress. My major focus is on developing and reinforcing skills which research shows to foster healthy child development, self esteem, and relationships while assisting families in developing nurturing and enriching environments for all members. I encourage open communication with clients to ensure appropriate techniques with children and families.
(971) 264-2693 View (971) 264-2693
Photo of Mary E Hanel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Mary E Hanel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97219
I help teenagers, young adults and their families navigate this amazing and challenging time in their lives. I work with teenagers, young adults and their families to find connection and safety while coping with the discomfort that life can bring.
I help teenagers, young adults and their families navigate this amazing and challenging time in their lives. I work with teenagers, young adults and their families to find connection and safety while coping with the discomfort that life can bring.
(971) 248-9564 View (971) 248-9564
Photo of Jennifer Samsom, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Jennifer Samsom
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97219  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My job and ultimate goal is to provide clients with their own skill set and help them find what works best for them, so that they don't need me to continue navigating their own lives. I hold each and every one of my clients with the highest respect and I take a personal interest in seeing them through transformation and growth. I experience great satisfaction in witnessing them flourish and expand in their lives. To be welcomed along as a teammate in someone else's personal journey and path is an exceptional honor that I do not take lightly.
My job and ultimate goal is to provide clients with their own skill set and help them find what works best for them, so that they don't need me to continue navigating their own lives. I hold each and every one of my clients with the highest respect and I take a personal interest in seeing them through transformation and growth. I experience great satisfaction in witnessing them flourish and expand in their lives. To be welcomed along as a teammate in someone else's personal journey and path is an exceptional honor that I do not take lightly.
(503) 461-7520 View (503) 461-7520
Photo of Todd Ransford, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Todd Ransford
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97213
I enjoy working with families, couples, and individuals who are experiencing relationship problems. I also have a background in treating depression and anxiety. My approach emphasizes helping people achieve practical results and is based in family systems and cognitive behavior theories. One of my guiding beliefs is that people are basically competent and are always seeking to solve problems on their own. In most cases this works well, but sometimes people get stuck and their attempted solutions either have no effect or make things worse. I see my role as helping people get "unstuck."
I enjoy working with families, couples, and individuals who are experiencing relationship problems. I also have a background in treating depression and anxiety. My approach emphasizes helping people achieve practical results and is based in family systems and cognitive behavior theories. One of my guiding beliefs is that people are basically competent and are always seeking to solve problems on their own. In most cases this works well, but sometimes people get stuck and their attempted solutions either have no effect or make things worse. I see my role as helping people get "unstuck."
(971) 407-4964 View (971) 407-4964
Photo of The Center for Couple's & Sex Therapy , Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
The Center for Couple's & Sex Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97232  (Online Only)
Our therapists are highly specialized, compassionate, and dedicated to helping you create more pleasure and connection in your life. We believe that everyone deserves access to high-quality, specialized therapeutic care. The Center stands with and supports LGBTQIA+, BIPOC, Latinx, AAPI, Immigrant and Native communities. We are gender and trans-affirming, anti-racist, and open to supporting folks in monogamous and non-mongamous relationships of any kind. We pride ourselves on providing sex positive therapy to all individuals in our community.
Our therapists are highly specialized, compassionate, and dedicated to helping you create more pleasure and connection in your life. We believe that everyone deserves access to high-quality, specialized therapeutic care. The Center stands with and supports LGBTQIA+, BIPOC, Latinx, AAPI, Immigrant and Native communities. We are gender and trans-affirming, anti-racist, and open to supporting folks in monogamous and non-mongamous relationships of any kind. We pride ourselves on providing sex positive therapy to all individuals in our community.
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Photo of Dr. Esther Sexton, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Dr. Esther Sexton
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97219
Waitlist for new clients
I work with individuals and couples struggling with a wide variety of concerns such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, and relationship difficulties. My therapeutic style is gentle, warm, and relaxed. Often, sessions with me include laughter, celebrating your successes, and encouraging your efforts for change. I will empower you as you explore what changes you want to make in your life, help you build the skills you need to make those changes, and support you as you build the life you want to live.
I work with individuals and couples struggling with a wide variety of concerns such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, and relationship difficulties. My therapeutic style is gentle, warm, and relaxed. Often, sessions with me include laughter, celebrating your successes, and encouraging your efforts for change. I will empower you as you explore what changes you want to make in your life, help you build the skills you need to make those changes, and support you as you build the life you want to live.
(503) 714-7365 View (503) 714-7365
Photo of Gretchen Lemmon Vance, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Gretchen Lemmon Vance
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97210
I am a clinician with years of training and broad experience that have brought about a deep understanding of how people come to feel and behave as they do. I work with people experiencing depression, anxiety, identity and self-esteem problems, relationship difficulties, pregnancy/postpartum adjustment, and those feeling frustrated, overwhelmed, or stuck. My approach is warm, compassionate, honest, and professional. I strive to be a steady and supportive partner throughout the therapy process and facilitate an increasing understanding of your emotions, patterns, and areas of identity impacting many areas of your life. I find curiosity and humor to be important tools in the process.
I am a clinician with years of training and broad experience that have brought about a deep understanding of how people come to feel and behave as they do. I work with people experiencing depression, anxiety, identity and self-esteem problems, relationship difficulties, pregnancy/postpartum adjustment, and those feeling frustrated, overwhelmed, or stuck. My approach is warm, compassionate, honest, and professional. I strive to be a steady and supportive partner throughout the therapy process and facilitate an increasing understanding of your emotions, patterns, and areas of identity impacting many areas of your life. I find curiosity and humor to be important tools in the process.
(503) 622-8589 View (503) 622-8589
Photo of Mary Thornburg Krug, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Mary Thornburg Krug
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97212  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you frequently bothered by memories that just won't go away? When you face something new in life, are you afraid you can't handle it? Do you beat yourself up over mistakes that you have made? Do you find it difficult to say No to a request, or to ask for help from others? Do you feel burned out and frustrated with family or work relationships? Many of us have gone the route of self-help books, but these have limited value since they aren't tailored to our individual lives. My work with you is.
Are you frequently bothered by memories that just won't go away? When you face something new in life, are you afraid you can't handle it? Do you beat yourself up over mistakes that you have made? Do you find it difficult to say No to a request, or to ask for help from others? Do you feel burned out and frustrated with family or work relationships? Many of us have gone the route of self-help books, but these have limited value since they aren't tailored to our individual lives. My work with you is.
(503) 487-0140 View (503) 487-0140
Photo of Kassie Hughes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Kassie Hughes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97202
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 20 years of experience helping individuals find growth and better health through therapy. I have specialization and interest in treating anxiety, trauma, disordered eating, body image, pregnancy and postpartum issues. I utilize a blend of mindfulness-based treatments including EFT, CBT, DBT, and ACT. I am certified in EMDR as well as Perinatal Mental Health (PMH-C).
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 20 years of experience helping individuals find growth and better health through therapy. I have specialization and interest in treating anxiety, trauma, disordered eating, body image, pregnancy and postpartum issues. I utilize a blend of mindfulness-based treatments including EFT, CBT, DBT, and ACT. I am certified in EMDR as well as Perinatal Mental Health (PMH-C).
(503) 406-6617 View (503) 406-6617
Photo of Sarah Kimes, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portland, OR
Sarah Kimes
Pre-Licensed Professional, Intern, QMHA-R
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97209  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I realize that seeking therapy can feel overwhelming and I am here to support you through your healing journey, one that is unique to you and shaped by you. I am passionate about helping others heal and have experience working with PTSD, generational trauma, anxiety disorders, ADHD, and members of the LGBTQ+ community. I firmly believe in the impact that our past experiences have on how we think, feel, and view ourselves, but they do not need to define who we are. Together, we can identify old patterns of behavior, unhelpful thoughts, and the impact of past trauma to support you in moving forward into a new place of wellness.
I realize that seeking therapy can feel overwhelming and I am here to support you through your healing journey, one that is unique to you and shaped by you. I am passionate about helping others heal and have experience working with PTSD, generational trauma, anxiety disorders, ADHD, and members of the LGBTQ+ community. I firmly believe in the impact that our past experiences have on how we think, feel, and view ourselves, but they do not need to define who we are. Together, we can identify old patterns of behavior, unhelpful thoughts, and the impact of past trauma to support you in moving forward into a new place of wellness.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Portland, OR

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Portland, OR who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
68% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

55% PacificSource
47% Aetna
38% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Portland, OR see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.