Therapists in Minnetonka, MN

Photo of Eric Norton, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minnetonka, MN
Eric Norton
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55305
If you are here, you might see yourself as an individual experiencing anxiety, depression, or trauma. You might be a parent of a child or teen with big emotions. Maybe you are a member of the LGBTQ+ community. All are welcome! As a therapist, I check my ego at the door to bring curiosity and humor to the environment to help you heal. I am a gender, sexuality, and neurodivergent affirmative therapist. I hold an MA in Marriage and Family Therapy from Saint Mary's University of Minnesota. I am supervised by Jody Goldie, LMFT as I head towards a license in Marriage and Family Therapy and a Registered Play Therapist credential.
If you are here, you might see yourself as an individual experiencing anxiety, depression, or trauma. You might be a parent of a child or teen with big emotions. Maybe you are a member of the LGBTQ+ community. All are welcome! As a therapist, I check my ego at the door to bring curiosity and humor to the environment to help you heal. I am a gender, sexuality, and neurodivergent affirmative therapist. I hold an MA in Marriage and Family Therapy from Saint Mary's University of Minnesota. I am supervised by Jody Goldie, LMFT as I head towards a license in Marriage and Family Therapy and a Registered Play Therapist credential.
(952) 260-8743 View (952) 260-8743
Photo of Rachel Rippel, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Rachel Rippel
Psychologist, MA, LP
Not Verified Not Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55343
I AM NOT THE SMILE AND NOD THERAPIST! If you are fed up with feeling miserable I can help you get the life you want. I love helping people achieve what they didn't think they could. My clients tell me I am tough but they know I care about them. I work best with people who are sick of being unhappy and willing to DO work to make some changes. I have a great BS detector, I will call you on your stuff and we will laugh (a lot)! I am passionate about therapy and assissting people in reaching their goals. I work best with people who are ready for change and want a more active approach to therapy.
I AM NOT THE SMILE AND NOD THERAPIST! If you are fed up with feeling miserable I can help you get the life you want. I love helping people achieve what they didn't think they could. My clients tell me I am tough but they know I care about them. I work best with people who are sick of being unhappy and willing to DO work to make some changes. I have a great BS detector, I will call you on your stuff and we will laugh (a lot)! I am passionate about therapy and assissting people in reaching their goals. I work best with people who are ready for change and want a more active approach to therapy.
(952) 529-4884 View (952) 529-4884
Photo of Dr. Tori Zengel Mora, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Dr. Tori Zengel Mora
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55345
Imagine carving away the worries that weigh on you and creating a deeper sense of inner peace. It is time to step into your greatness! We are committed to you living happier and enjoying more meaningful connections. We will help to hold your heart as you encounter new self-discoveries & release the toxicity that is holding you back. We are committed to helping you improve your life dramatically. Together we will focus in on matters that are important to you and work toward meaningful change.
Imagine carving away the worries that weigh on you and creating a deeper sense of inner peace. It is time to step into your greatness! We are committed to you living happier and enjoying more meaningful connections. We will help to hold your heart as you encounter new self-discoveries & release the toxicity that is holding you back. We are committed to helping you improve your life dramatically. Together we will focus in on matters that are important to you and work toward meaningful change.
(763) 878-6711 View (763) 878-6711
Photo of Debra Orbuch Grayson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Debra Orbuch Grayson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
I have been providing direct services to children, families, organizations, and businesses for thirty two years. My services help to educate, support and strengthen family, marital, personal and organizational relationships."
I have been providing direct services to children, families, organizations, and businesses for thirty two years. My services help to educate, support and strengthen family, marital, personal and organizational relationships."
(612) 800-0847 View (612) 800-0847
Photo of Jeff Shively, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Jeff Shively
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55345  (Online Only)
Clients often decide to meet with a therapist when they have situations in their lives that they cannot seem to work through on their own. Many of them have tried talking to friends or relatives, but still feel stuck. I will help you look at problems in ways which will help you move in a direction that makes sense for you. I work closely with clients to help them resolve their concerns and problems in an environment which is confidential and nonjudgmental. Many of my clients say they begin to feel better after the first session.
Clients often decide to meet with a therapist when they have situations in their lives that they cannot seem to work through on their own. Many of them have tried talking to friends or relatives, but still feel stuck. I will help you look at problems in ways which will help you move in a direction that makes sense for you. I work closely with clients to help them resolve their concerns and problems in an environment which is confidential and nonjudgmental. Many of my clients say they begin to feel better after the first session.
(651) 560-3807 View (651) 560-3807
Photo of David S Alter, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
David S Alter
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP, ABPH, LP
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
Are you interested in how to use the connections between your mind, brain and body to improve your health, enrich your relationships, and increase your overall life? Working with these connections has been the focus of my 30 years of practice as a psychologist. Since every client's presenting concern in some way or another impacts upon their brain, their mind and their body - whether that involves depression, anxiety, pain, sleep, relationship challenges, or digestive concerns - my orientation to therapy is well positioned to help people get better now and to be better positioned to stay healthier in the future.
Are you interested in how to use the connections between your mind, brain and body to improve your health, enrich your relationships, and increase your overall life? Working with these connections has been the focus of my 30 years of practice as a psychologist. Since every client's presenting concern in some way or another impacts upon their brain, their mind and their body - whether that involves depression, anxiety, pain, sleep, relationship challenges, or digestive concerns - my orientation to therapy is well positioned to help people get better now and to be better positioned to stay healthier in the future.
(763) 400-5950 View (763) 400-5950
Photo of Emily Laconic, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Emily Laconic
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55305
Have you awakened and are struggling to navigate the 3D world? Do you identify as having an awakened consciousness, an empath, spiritual, a WooWoo or on the Red Road? Are you feeling isolated and disconnected because your vibration has increased and created more challenges in relationships? While on this life's journey, have you realized that you experienced trauma in childhood and don't know how to take the next step to heal these wounds? These experiences could be causing anxiety and depression, deflating your self worth and disrupting your focus and sleep.
Have you awakened and are struggling to navigate the 3D world? Do you identify as having an awakened consciousness, an empath, spiritual, a WooWoo or on the Red Road? Are you feeling isolated and disconnected because your vibration has increased and created more challenges in relationships? While on this life's journey, have you realized that you experienced trauma in childhood and don't know how to take the next step to heal these wounds? These experiences could be causing anxiety and depression, deflating your self worth and disrupting your focus and sleep.
(952) 522-2950 View (952) 522-2950
Photo of Alejandra Aschittino-Rodriguez, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Minnetonka, MN
Alejandra Aschittino-Rodriguez
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55343
I believe personal agency is key to finding meaning in distressing scenarios and growing from them. I use both Existential and solution-oriented approaches when engaging with clients and provide individuals, couples, and families with tools for self-awareness and self-empowerment through a mixture of theoretical models tailored to the client’s strengths and needs. I work to help clients establish more adaptive patterns of thinking with humor, empathy, and respect. While I will explore root causes of issues, I emphasize the importance of personal growth and identifying personal strengths.
I believe personal agency is key to finding meaning in distressing scenarios and growing from them. I use both Existential and solution-oriented approaches when engaging with clients and provide individuals, couples, and families with tools for self-awareness and self-empowerment through a mixture of theoretical models tailored to the client’s strengths and needs. I work to help clients establish more adaptive patterns of thinking with humor, empathy, and respect. While I will explore root causes of issues, I emphasize the importance of personal growth and identifying personal strengths.
(612) 416-1263 View (612) 416-1263
Photo of Life Skills Institute and Clinic, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Life Skills Institute and Clinic
Psychologist, EdD, LP
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55345
My goal is to assist you in learning life skills to thrive and find meaning, joy and love. Our clinic has a warm, supportive environment enabling you to learn more deeply how to live these skills and create a life that makes a "world of difference". We will work together holistically to emphasize your individual positive strengths drawn on for the healing process. These approaches work well for coordinated treatment with other medical providers and professionals (examples: MD's, psychiatrist, chiropractors, massage therapists).
My goal is to assist you in learning life skills to thrive and find meaning, joy and love. Our clinic has a warm, supportive environment enabling you to learn more deeply how to live these skills and create a life that makes a "world of difference". We will work together holistically to emphasize your individual positive strengths drawn on for the healing process. These approaches work well for coordinated treatment with other medical providers and professionals (examples: MD's, psychiatrist, chiropractors, massage therapists).
(763) 575-7468 View (763) 575-7468
Photo of Richard Kofsky, Ph.D., L.P., Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Richard Kofsky, Ph.D., L.P.
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305  (Online Only)
I work with individuals, couples and families who are having feelings such as depression, anxiety, anger and grief. Creating an atmosphere that is both safe and challenging, I help clients gain a perspective that allows them to be clearer about themselves, their interaction with others and their personal and professional direction. I also specialize in consulting and coaching with business leaders and their organizations. With encouragement, support and genuine concern for my clients, I use all the tools I've gathered through 25 years of professional training and experience to facilitate this process.
I work with individuals, couples and families who are having feelings such as depression, anxiety, anger and grief. Creating an atmosphere that is both safe and challenging, I help clients gain a perspective that allows them to be clearer about themselves, their interaction with others and their personal and professional direction. I also specialize in consulting and coaching with business leaders and their organizations. With encouragement, support and genuine concern for my clients, I use all the tools I've gathered through 25 years of professional training and experience to facilitate this process.
(952) 314-5462 View (952) 314-5462
Photo of Sonder Behavioral Health & Wellness, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Sonder Behavioral Health & Wellness
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55343
Are you experiencing a nagging feeling that your life is not aligned with your true self or with where you want it to be heading? Are you feeling lost, stuck, or unhappy? This is the voice of your subconscious. I encourage you to listen to your instinct and trust that you have the power to do something about it. It is absolutely possible for anyone to improve their lives regardless of where they are at now or where they came from. It is recognized that each individual's needs are as unique as they are.
Are you experiencing a nagging feeling that your life is not aligned with your true self or with where you want it to be heading? Are you feeling lost, stuck, or unhappy? This is the voice of your subconscious. I encourage you to listen to your instinct and trust that you have the power to do something about it. It is absolutely possible for anyone to improve their lives regardless of where they are at now or where they came from. It is recognized that each individual's needs are as unique as they are.
(952) 649-5899 View (952) 649-5899
Photo of Christina Harstad, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minnetonka, MN
Christina Harstad
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
If you are here, you may be an individual with complex trauma, or someone who is struggling with post traumatic stress. These symptoms can include depression, anxiety, dissociation, flashbacks, looping self critical thoughts, a deep feeling of abandonment, and challenges within relationships with loved ones. Whether you are an individual looking to work on your own healing, or the parent of a child or teen who is struggling, I may be a good fit for your therapy needs.
If you are here, you may be an individual with complex trauma, or someone who is struggling with post traumatic stress. These symptoms can include depression, anxiety, dissociation, flashbacks, looping self critical thoughts, a deep feeling of abandonment, and challenges within relationships with loved ones. Whether you are an individual looking to work on your own healing, or the parent of a child or teen who is struggling, I may be a good fit for your therapy needs.
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Photo of Jill Salo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Minnetonka, MN
Jill Salo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LADC, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55343
Jill is a compassionate therapist who believes that we are all searching for meaning in our lives. She approaches her work with clients by encouraging them to trust their intuition, explore different ways of finding understanding, and nurture helpful relationships in their lives. She also brings in her calm, laid back personality to help her build authentic connections with her clients. Jill tailors her treatment methods to the unique needs of his clients, always keeping them at the center of the therapeutic work. While Jill is well-versed in a variety of treatment modalities, specializing in complex families, EMDR and AIR Network.
Jill is a compassionate therapist who believes that we are all searching for meaning in our lives. She approaches her work with clients by encouraging them to trust their intuition, explore different ways of finding understanding, and nurture helpful relationships in their lives. She also brings in her calm, laid back personality to help her build authentic connections with her clients. Jill tailors her treatment methods to the unique needs of his clients, always keeping them at the center of the therapeutic work. While Jill is well-versed in a variety of treatment modalities, specializing in complex families, EMDR and AIR Network.
(952) 243-5376 View (952) 243-5376
Photo of Cathy Rupnow, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Cathy Rupnow
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
Cathy Rupnow is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. She brings valuable experience to work with trauma, all types of abuse, and healing of past and present emotional wounds. Her non-judgmental approach helps her clients deal with family conflict, isolation, and loneliness.
Cathy Rupnow is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. She brings valuable experience to work with trauma, all types of abuse, and healing of past and present emotional wounds. Her non-judgmental approach helps her clients deal with family conflict, isolation, and loneliness.
(952) 209-8667 View (952) 209-8667
Photo of Tracy Davis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Tracy Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55305
We each have unique experiences, challenges, and strengths that shape how we move through the world. Whatever your daily challenges, silent struggles, and unseen battles are, I am committed to walking with you through life's journey. I am honored and humbled by the opportunity to accompany you as you move forward towards becoming your best self. I believe my role as a therapist is to work collaboratively with you to meet your unique goals. I take a systemic, emotionally focused, and attachment-based approach to therapy.
We each have unique experiences, challenges, and strengths that shape how we move through the world. Whatever your daily challenges, silent struggles, and unseen battles are, I am committed to walking with you through life's journey. I am honored and humbled by the opportunity to accompany you as you move forward towards becoming your best self. I believe my role as a therapist is to work collaboratively with you to meet your unique goals. I take a systemic, emotionally focused, and attachment-based approach to therapy.
(952) 522-4997 View (952) 522-4997
Photo of Amber Isham, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Amber Isham
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55343
Life is hard, sometimes! Therapy provides you with that extra support as well as the opportunity to grow, evolve and learn new ways to cope with life's challenges. I believe the trust and rapport built between a client and therapist forms the foundation of all progress made in therapy. This relationship supports increasing awareness of the present, identifying what is no longer working, setting long term goals and taking small steps toward those goals. Building a life based in vitality, hope and an increased capacity for joy rather than one filled with suffering, avoidance and futility.
Life is hard, sometimes! Therapy provides you with that extra support as well as the opportunity to grow, evolve and learn new ways to cope with life's challenges. I believe the trust and rapport built between a client and therapist forms the foundation of all progress made in therapy. This relationship supports increasing awareness of the present, identifying what is no longer working, setting long term goals and taking small steps toward those goals. Building a life based in vitality, hope and an increased capacity for joy rather than one filled with suffering, avoidance and futility.
(952) 373-6447 View (952) 373-6447
Photo of Jesse Beulke, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minnetonka, MN
Jesse Beulke
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
It can be difficult to cut through the noise of our fast-paced environment and find genuine peace, purpose, and clarity. Our life experience profoundly impacts our mental health, yet we are not defined by our trauma. I approach my work through a lens of resiliency and hope, and aim to work with each client to balance finding practical solutions with exploring and processing one’s past and present experience. I believe in the importance of developing a therapeutic relationship in which each person can be understood, motivated and empowered to move forward with hope through life’s challenges.
It can be difficult to cut through the noise of our fast-paced environment and find genuine peace, purpose, and clarity. Our life experience profoundly impacts our mental health, yet we are not defined by our trauma. I approach my work through a lens of resiliency and hope, and aim to work with each client to balance finding practical solutions with exploring and processing one’s past and present experience. I believe in the importance of developing a therapeutic relationship in which each person can be understood, motivated and empowered to move forward with hope through life’s challenges.
(651) 409-4624 View (651) 409-4624
Marsha Molinari
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
By combining a back-ground in nursing, psychology and social work, my goal is to help individuals achieve a greater sense of physical, emotional and spiritual well being. I provide a safe and supportive environment for individuals and couples who want to explore issues that may be contributing to their feelings of being stuck or dissatisfied with their way of being. I view the therapy process as a joint venture between myself and the client. I believe that every individual has the capacity to answer their own questions by drawing from their own inner wisdom.
By combining a back-ground in nursing, psychology and social work, my goal is to help individuals achieve a greater sense of physical, emotional and spiritual well being. I provide a safe and supportive environment for individuals and couples who want to explore issues that may be contributing to their feelings of being stuck or dissatisfied with their way of being. I view the therapy process as a joint venture between myself and the client. I believe that every individual has the capacity to answer their own questions by drawing from their own inner wisdom.
(952) 314-3943 View (952) 314-3943
Photo of Ira Shai in Minnetonka, MN
Ira Shai
MA, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55305
People say you are a good person with a perfect life, yet you don't feel like it. People say it will work out, yet nothing changes. Some people even say you should wait it out, pray it off, or let it be, yet your heart is not letting you forget about it. In the end, you feel alone. You may feel afraid or ashamed to even talk about it with people close to you. You wonder if others will truly understand you and your situation. You struggle to open up because you do not want to be judged. And I get it.
People say you are a good person with a perfect life, yet you don't feel like it. People say it will work out, yet nothing changes. Some people even say you should wait it out, pray it off, or let it be, yet your heart is not letting you forget about it. In the end, you feel alone. You may feel afraid or ashamed to even talk about it with people close to you. You wonder if others will truly understand you and your situation. You struggle to open up because you do not want to be judged. And I get it.
(651) 927-4414 View (651) 927-4414
Photo of Andrew Charles Hey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Minnetonka, MN
Andrew Charles Hey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55345
Hello! My name is Andrew and thanks for considering my profile. Reaching out to a therapist can be intimidating, especially when you are feeling stressed or unhappy. The first thing you should know about me is that I am laid-back, informal, and nonjudgmental; I just refuse to be the cold, clinical therapist-type! I will work hard to establish a real connection with you and to create a truly safe and compassionate environment for new insight, growth and healing. I believe the most important part of therapy is the alliance between therapist and client; if we don’t have a strong connection, sessions aren’t as effective.
Hello! My name is Andrew and thanks for considering my profile. Reaching out to a therapist can be intimidating, especially when you are feeling stressed or unhappy. The first thing you should know about me is that I am laid-back, informal, and nonjudgmental; I just refuse to be the cold, clinical therapist-type! I will work hard to establish a real connection with you and to create a truly safe and compassionate environment for new insight, growth and healing. I believe the most important part of therapy is the alliance between therapist and client; if we don’t have a strong connection, sessions aren’t as effective.
(763) 575-8189 View (763) 575-8189

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Minnetonka, MN

200+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Minnetonka, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Aetna
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Minnetonka, MN see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Minnetonka?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.