Therapists in Camas, WA

Photo of Deep Dive Mindfulness - Real Transformation, Marriage & Family Therapist in Camas, WA
Deep Dive Mindfulness - Real Transformation
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LMHC
Verified Verified
Camas, WA 98607  (Online Only)
Life is difficult. There so no doubt about it! We have so many challenges to juggle -families, work, health, finances, stressful life-events, and loss. We can’t avoid life’s challenges, but we can learn how to meet them with equanimity, wisdom and compassion. In doing so, our well-being increases and we can live a more authentic life, and be of service to those around us. Relationships improve, and we are able to bring our best self to each of life’s moments. We can meet the joys and sorrows of life with love and gratitude. As a mindfulness-based psychotherapist, I can assist you in finding this inner wisdom and grace.
Life is difficult. There so no doubt about it! We have so many challenges to juggle -families, work, health, finances, stressful life-events, and loss. We can’t avoid life’s challenges, but we can learn how to meet them with equanimity, wisdom and compassion. In doing so, our well-being increases and we can live a more authentic life, and be of service to those around us. Relationships improve, and we are able to bring our best self to each of life’s moments. We can meet the joys and sorrows of life with love and gratitude. As a mindfulness-based psychotherapist, I can assist you in finding this inner wisdom and grace.
(360) 284-1195 View (360) 284-1195
Photo of Jessica Seay, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Camas, WA
Jessica Seay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Camas, WA 98607
If you are seeking support for relationship issues, burnout related to work, parenting or high performance or to address past and or recent trauma, we may be a good fit. Often something in our present life invites us back to the pain that may have been untended too. Symptoms like depression and anxiety, burnout, anger, emptiness, or numbness can point us back to places that need healing. Together we will listen to the story our bodies, symptoms, or behaviors are telling you so you can find your way back to yourself and restore connection in your life.
If you are seeking support for relationship issues, burnout related to work, parenting or high performance or to address past and or recent trauma, we may be a good fit. Often something in our present life invites us back to the pain that may have been untended too. Symptoms like depression and anxiety, burnout, anger, emptiness, or numbness can point us back to places that need healing. Together we will listen to the story our bodies, symptoms, or behaviors are telling you so you can find your way back to yourself and restore connection in your life.
(360) 317-0541 View (360) 317-0541
Photo of Lucy Entenman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Camas, WA
Lucy Entenman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Camas, WA 98607  (Online Only)
Have you been feeling lost, overwhelmed, or out of control lately? Is there a voice in your head telling you you are not good enough and can’t handle what life has to bring? Good therapy gives us a space where we can safely talk about our hopes and fears while we lay down a strong foundation from which we can build our future dreams. I believe in everyone’s ability to heal themselves and would love to partner with you on your journey of self discovery.
Have you been feeling lost, overwhelmed, or out of control lately? Is there a voice in your head telling you you are not good enough and can’t handle what life has to bring? Good therapy gives us a space where we can safely talk about our hopes and fears while we lay down a strong foundation from which we can build our future dreams. I believe in everyone’s ability to heal themselves and would love to partner with you on your journey of self discovery.
(360) 997-5655 View (360) 997-5655
Photo of Brynn Ruiz, Mental Health Counselor Associate in Camas, WA
Brynn Ruiz
Mental Health Counselor Associate, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Camas, WA 98607
I help families dealing with young children and teen emotion and behavior problems. I work with individuals and families facing stress, trauma, and difficult relationships.
I help families dealing with young children and teen emotion and behavior problems. I work with individuals and families facing stress, trauma, and difficult relationships.
(360) 284-2214 View (360) 284-2214
Photo of John P Hahn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Camas, WA
John P Hahn
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, SUDP
Verified Verified
Camas, WA 98607
I have been a therapist since 1985, specializing in relationship issues, anxiety, depression, parenting, co-parenting, long-term substance use recovery, and adult children of alcoholic or dysfunctional families. After graduating with a Master's Degree in Marriage and Family Therapy, I moved from Indiana to the Pacific Northwest and have called it home ever since. I enjoy biking, hiking, science and spending time with my family. My passion is in working with people who are curious about themselves. I work with adults and couples and have extensive background with substance abuse treatment and recovery.
I have been a therapist since 1985, specializing in relationship issues, anxiety, depression, parenting, co-parenting, long-term substance use recovery, and adult children of alcoholic or dysfunctional families. After graduating with a Master's Degree in Marriage and Family Therapy, I moved from Indiana to the Pacific Northwest and have called it home ever since. I enjoy biking, hiking, science and spending time with my family. My passion is in working with people who are curious about themselves. I work with adults and couples and have extensive background with substance abuse treatment and recovery.
(360) 564-5763 View (360) 564-5763
Photo of Mariana Nabila Evans, LPC Intern in Camas, WA
Mariana Nabila Evans
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camas, WA 98607  (Online Only)
What do you want most out of life, your relationships, and the experience of being you? The key to healing is within you and in therapy I can support you in overcoming the obstacles that have gotten in the way.
What do you want most out of life, your relationships, and the experience of being you? The key to healing is within you and in therapy I can support you in overcoming the obstacles that have gotten in the way.
(360) 614-2264 View (360) 614-2264
Photo of Deborah Connors, Counselor in Camas, WA
Deborah Connors
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC, CFLE, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camas, WA 98607
I believe every person can find a way toward strength, growth, and healing, but I also know it can be hard to be alone in the process. Hi, I'm Deborah! I work with adolescents, adults, couples, and families experiencing unexpected challenges, trauma, life transitions, complex relationship and family dynamic issues. I'm passionate about the possibility of meaningful change, because I've been on the other side. That's why I strive to help others find hope through the storm, freedom from the obstacles they face to realize healing, restore relationships and experience abundant living.
I believe every person can find a way toward strength, growth, and healing, but I also know it can be hard to be alone in the process. Hi, I'm Deborah! I work with adolescents, adults, couples, and families experiencing unexpected challenges, trauma, life transitions, complex relationship and family dynamic issues. I'm passionate about the possibility of meaningful change, because I've been on the other side. That's why I strive to help others find hope through the storm, freedom from the obstacles they face to realize healing, restore relationships and experience abundant living.
(360) 869-0367 View (360) 869-0367
Photo of Maria N Bloomfield, Mental Health Counselor in Camas, WA
Maria N Bloomfield
Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC, CPA
Verified Verified
Camas, WA 98607  (Online Only)
Life often requires multi-tasking and keeping up with the fast pace. For many of us, it is hard to stop and find the time to attend to the soul. Inevitably, the soul demands attention, and periods of confusion, crisis, illness, or life transition can transform into opportunities for depth work. Anger, stress, illness, anxiety, and depression do not exist in a vacuum and involve a complex interplay of personal, familial, and cultural dynamics.
Life often requires multi-tasking and keeping up with the fast pace. For many of us, it is hard to stop and find the time to attend to the soul. Inevitably, the soul demands attention, and periods of confusion, crisis, illness, or life transition can transform into opportunities for depth work. Anger, stress, illness, anxiety, and depression do not exist in a vacuum and involve a complex interplay of personal, familial, and cultural dynamics.
(360) 218-3283 View (360) 218-3283
Photo of Malinda Trujillo, Psychologist in Camas, WA
Malinda Trujillo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Camas, WA 98607
I am a licensed psychologist who specializes in trauma, anxiety, multicultural counseling, and women's health. I provide psychotherapy to adults, and couples who are coping with a variety of different concerns including PTSD, trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, spirituality, and other life transitions. I believe in providing a safe, open, and collaborative environment for you to approach and explore your concerns. Therapy is a journey. You choose your destination, but I can help you develop the tools you need to overcome your barriers, move towards holistic wellness, and find a value driven authentic life path.
I am a licensed psychologist who specializes in trauma, anxiety, multicultural counseling, and women's health. I provide psychotherapy to adults, and couples who are coping with a variety of different concerns including PTSD, trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, spirituality, and other life transitions. I believe in providing a safe, open, and collaborative environment for you to approach and explore your concerns. Therapy is a journey. You choose your destination, but I can help you develop the tools you need to overcome your barriers, move towards holistic wellness, and find a value driven authentic life path.
(360) 255-0770 View (360) 255-0770
Photo of Sarah M. Parks, Counselor in Camas, WA
Sarah M. Parks
Counselor, MA, LMHCA, SUDPT
Verified Verified
Camas, WA 98607  (Online Only)
All clients are ideal clients. We are not individuals who are broken that need to be fixed, we are humans having a human experience and we are constantly in a state of change and transitions that have sometimes served us and sometimes not. I often work with couples and enjoy that work. Clients who seem to work well with me are ones that are motivated to make changes and comfortable with awareness of self. I work from a developmental trauma, attachment theory and shame basis of therapy. I offer emotionally focused therapy towards childhood trauma. It is easiest to reach me by email or visit my website linked on this page.
All clients are ideal clients. We are not individuals who are broken that need to be fixed, we are humans having a human experience and we are constantly in a state of change and transitions that have sometimes served us and sometimes not. I often work with couples and enjoy that work. Clients who seem to work well with me are ones that are motivated to make changes and comfortable with awareness of self. I work from a developmental trauma, attachment theory and shame basis of therapy. I offer emotionally focused therapy towards childhood trauma. It is easiest to reach me by email or visit my website linked on this page.
(360) 317-0924 View (360) 317-0924
Photo of Alexandra Hepburn, Counselor in Camas, WA
Alexandra Hepburn
Counselor, PhD, CC
Verified Verified
Camas, WA 98607
Loss, grief, life transitions - these are part of everyone's life. We need support, and need to feel safe in order to explore our emotional, somatic, cognitive, and spiritual responses to change. We may use the Enneagram, explore mindful awareness, images and dreams, body sensations, and parts of our personality: the inner critic, the scared child, the seeker. For some, climate change is also a source of grief and anxiety. I offer sand play as a rich resource for in-person clients. Our focus is on healing and growth, more peace of mind, expanded self-awareness, and a deeper sense of meaning.
Loss, grief, life transitions - these are part of everyone's life. We need support, and need to feel safe in order to explore our emotional, somatic, cognitive, and spiritual responses to change. We may use the Enneagram, explore mindful awareness, images and dreams, body sensations, and parts of our personality: the inner critic, the scared child, the seeker. For some, climate change is also a source of grief and anxiety. I offer sand play as a rich resource for in-person clients. Our focus is on healing and growth, more peace of mind, expanded self-awareness, and a deeper sense of meaning.
(206) 569-6834 View (206) 569-6834
Photo of Lacamas Counseling, Counselor in Camas, WA
Lacamas Counseling
Counselor
Verified Verified
Camas, WA 98607
Lacamas Counseling is the central resource for mental health in Camas, WA. We have counselors & therapists trained in working with children, teens, young adults, older adults, couples, and families; and they specialize in treating mood disorders of depression and anxiety, bipolar, trauma, grief, life transitions, postpartum distress, anger and outbursts, neurodiversity (autism, ADHD, dyslexia), identity, work/life balance, and burnout.
Lacamas Counseling is the central resource for mental health in Camas, WA. We have counselors & therapists trained in working with children, teens, young adults, older adults, couples, and families; and they specialize in treating mood disorders of depression and anxiety, bipolar, trauma, grief, life transitions, postpartum distress, anger and outbursts, neurodiversity (autism, ADHD, dyslexia), identity, work/life balance, and burnout.
(360) 233-2543 View (360) 233-2543
Photo of Anna Sharpe, Counselor in Camas, WA
Anna Sharpe
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camas, WA 98607  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I’m a licensed counselor with 16 years of experience helping people with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, family issues, relationship problems and general life challenges. My therapy style is warm, accepting and respectful. I honor each client’s right and ability to make their own choices and decisions, and see my role as a helper and guide. I see clients in Washington state and Oregon and work exclusively over telehealth. I'm not current accepting new clients but I do have a waitlist.
I’m a licensed counselor with 16 years of experience helping people with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, family issues, relationship problems and general life challenges. My therapy style is warm, accepting and respectful. I honor each client’s right and ability to make their own choices and decisions, and see my role as a helper and guide. I see clients in Washington state and Oregon and work exclusively over telehealth. I'm not current accepting new clients but I do have a waitlist.
(360) 732-8064 View (360) 732-8064
Photo of Dr. Brent Lindberg, Psychologist in Camas, WA
Dr. Brent Lindberg
Psychologist, PhD, MC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camas, WA 98607  (Online Only)
- Evening and Saturday appointments available - I have two primary priorities when we work together: 1) Building a warm and trusting relationship so that therapy is a safe and enriching experience, and 2) Finding a style of therapy most effective toward providing relief. I work primarily from an integrative/interpersonal framework but I also tailor the type of therapy to the client's needs; warm and empathetic for those needing valuable emotional support, straightforward and direct for those wanting immediate and tangible results. I take pride in my flexibility to incorporate varied approaches while still effecting therapeutic change for my client.
- Evening and Saturday appointments available - I have two primary priorities when we work together: 1) Building a warm and trusting relationship so that therapy is a safe and enriching experience, and 2) Finding a style of therapy most effective toward providing relief. I work primarily from an integrative/interpersonal framework but I also tailor the type of therapy to the client's needs; warm and empathetic for those needing valuable emotional support, straightforward and direct for those wanting immediate and tangible results. I take pride in my flexibility to incorporate varied approaches while still effecting therapeutic change for my client.
(360) 564-7939 View (360) 564-7939
Photo of Jake Jacob Hawbaker, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Camas, WA
Jake Jacob Hawbaker
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFTA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camas, WA 98607
I believe we were created for relationships. Relationships can bring healing, wholeness and happiness. However, despite their powerful role in our life, they can be extremely difficult to manage and can cause us a lot of pain and stress. This is where I hope to be able to help you. I love working with individuals, couples and families to help them on the their road to finding peace and joy in their relationships. At Charis Counseling Associates you will find an accepting and understanding atmosphere where you can be open about the real struggles of life.
I believe we were created for relationships. Relationships can bring healing, wholeness and happiness. However, despite their powerful role in our life, they can be extremely difficult to manage and can cause us a lot of pain and stress. This is where I hope to be able to help you. I love working with individuals, couples and families to help them on the their road to finding peace and joy in their relationships. At Charis Counseling Associates you will find an accepting and understanding atmosphere where you can be open about the real struggles of life.
(360) 329-9033 View (360) 329-9033
Photo of Built For Better Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Camas, WA
Built For Better Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MVF-CSW, CAGCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camas, WA 98607  (Online Only)
Welcome to Built for Better Counseling, a small Veteran-owned therapy practice with a mission to improve mental health access for men in Washington and Oregon.
Welcome to Built for Better Counseling, a small Veteran-owned therapy practice with a mission to improve mental health access for men in Washington and Oregon.
(360) 516-4799 View (360) 516-4799
Photo of Trauma Coach | Debra Jenkins | Share the Flame LLC in Camas, WA
Trauma Coach | Debra Jenkins | Share the Flame LLC
MA, MS, PhD, TICC, CPC-c
Verified Verified
Camas, WA 98607  (Online Only)
My name is Debra (Debi) Jenkins. I am a Cultural and Betrayal Trauma Developmental Life Coach at Share the Flame LLC. I support clients who experience betrayal as trauma on relational, sexual, faith-based, societal, institutional, racial, and or workplace levels. I coach adults (individuals, couples, or those in need of a support group) to process cultural trauma/racialized trauma and minoritization, developmental life trauma, and or sexual betrayal trauma APSATS trained and MBAT-RC trained at the intersections of their lived experiences. I partner to "dismantle oppression one layer in need of healing at a time."
My name is Debra (Debi) Jenkins. I am a Cultural and Betrayal Trauma Developmental Life Coach at Share the Flame LLC. I support clients who experience betrayal as trauma on relational, sexual, faith-based, societal, institutional, racial, and or workplace levels. I coach adults (individuals, couples, or those in need of a support group) to process cultural trauma/racialized trauma and minoritization, developmental life trauma, and or sexual betrayal trauma APSATS trained and MBAT-RC trained at the intersections of their lived experiences. I partner to "dismantle oppression one layer in need of healing at a time."
(360) 347-9317 View (360) 347-9317
Photo of SensoriWorks , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Camas, WA
SensoriWorks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CSWA, CADCIII, LAC
Verified Verified
Camas, WA 98607
If you or your teen/young adult loved-one needs mental health Intensive Outpatient care, and talk therapy has not been the best fit for you, SensoriWorks is a great option. We work with young people transitioning into adulthood on stabilizing and becoming consciously embodied, through somatic therapy and coaching, medication management and assessment. We'll work together to develop a consistent mental, physical and emotional support plan that is really effective to stabilize your current concerns and expand your bandwidth in life. Learn the skills to grow your capacity for joy and play, strive for goals and practice thriving!
If you or your teen/young adult loved-one needs mental health Intensive Outpatient care, and talk therapy has not been the best fit for you, SensoriWorks is a great option. We work with young people transitioning into adulthood on stabilizing and becoming consciously embodied, through somatic therapy and coaching, medication management and assessment. We'll work together to develop a consistent mental, physical and emotional support plan that is really effective to stabilize your current concerns and expand your bandwidth in life. Learn the skills to grow your capacity for joy and play, strive for goals and practice thriving!
(360) 469-3640 View (360) 469-3640
Photo of Christie Seumalo, Mental Health Counselor in Camas, WA
Christie Seumalo
Mental Health Counselor, MS, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Camas, WA 98607  (Online Only)
Life can be challenging in many ways...we are often having to pivot due to uncontrollable changes or feeling 'stuck'. All this can lead to insurmountable distress and feeling unmanageable. You can heal, recover, and succeed in positive growth! My experience in counseling is widespread. I've worked in the helping profession over 20 years (minus a few years to parent). Currently, I work part-time with a community based program. There appears to be a big demand for mental health providers and I enjoy being able to help others.
Life can be challenging in many ways...we are often having to pivot due to uncontrollable changes or feeling 'stuck'. All this can lead to insurmountable distress and feeling unmanageable. You can heal, recover, and succeed in positive growth! My experience in counseling is widespread. I've worked in the helping profession over 20 years (minus a few years to parent). Currently, I work part-time with a community based program. There appears to be a big demand for mental health providers and I enjoy being able to help others.
(360) 516-4840 View (360) 516-4840
Photo of Transformation Therapy , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Camas, WA
Transformation Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, CDP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Camas, WA 98607
Life can be very complicated and the strongest people might need a little help to work through some of the challenges. Do you find yourself struggling with stress, addiction, anxiety, depression, low self-worth and feeling defeated? You have tried everything on your own and nothing seemed to work. You have difficulty navigating your emotions, thoughts, decisions, relationships, and other issues–I will help you connect with yourself, analyze your behavior/emotions; help you gain insight to make decisions and build your self-esteem. You are not alone! I will be beside you as we work through the challenges together.
Life can be very complicated and the strongest people might need a little help to work through some of the challenges. Do you find yourself struggling with stress, addiction, anxiety, depression, low self-worth and feeling defeated? You have tried everything on your own and nothing seemed to work. You have difficulty navigating your emotions, thoughts, decisions, relationships, and other issues–I will help you connect with yourself, analyze your behavior/emotions; help you gain insight to make decisions and build your self-esteem. You are not alone! I will be beside you as we work through the challenges together.
(360) 837-5509 View (360) 837-5509

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Camas, WA

100+

Average cost per session

$152

Therapists in Camas, WA who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
85% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
73% Grief
72% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
53% PacificSource
53% Regence

How Therapists in Camas, WA see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Camas?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.