Therapists in Encinitas, CA

Photo of Ryan Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Ryan Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP, CCATP
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
I work with clients who wish to develop more robust and authentic relationships with others, a greater sense of peace, or increased self-confidence. These elements form the foundation of a healthy and rewarding life, and I am deeply committed to your wellbeing. I use highly practical trauma-informed interventions that are tailored to address the unique needs of each person.
I work with clients who wish to develop more robust and authentic relationships with others, a greater sense of peace, or increased self-confidence. These elements form the foundation of a healthy and rewarding life, and I am deeply committed to your wellbeing. I use highly practical trauma-informed interventions that are tailored to address the unique needs of each person.
(619) 773-0334 View (619) 773-0334
Photo of Eli Reding, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Eli Reding
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I work with adults throughout their entire lifespan, ranging from young adults to older adults. I have an informal and energetic approach to therapy, which encourages active collaboration in both treatment planning and therapeutic execution. I like to think of myself as a guide, providing you with new skill as well as a responsive source of objective feedback on how these skills are impacting your overall functioning. I'm just as human as you are and expect to engage in a collaborative process where you find yourself able to open up and give me feedback just as easily as I share feedback and skills with you.
I work with adults throughout their entire lifespan, ranging from young adults to older adults. I have an informal and energetic approach to therapy, which encourages active collaboration in both treatment planning and therapeutic execution. I like to think of myself as a guide, providing you with new skill as well as a responsive source of objective feedback on how these skills are impacting your overall functioning. I'm just as human as you are and expect to engage in a collaborative process where you find yourself able to open up and give me feedback just as easily as I share feedback and skills with you.
(619) 492-8255 View (619) 492-8255
Photo of Davida M Shreiber, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Davida M Shreiber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
I help clients who are navigating the various stages of life that can trigger depression or anxiety - including fertility, postpartum, the empty nest, aging, and challenges specific to the "sandwich generation." I work with parents in all phases of child-rearing and, in particular, those raising a child with ADHD. In addition, I work with adolescents and young adults to help them reach their potential and overcome emotional conflicts, stresses, and challenges. Finally, with strong experience in hospital and home health care, I am uniquely qualified to support those coping with illness and medical crises as well as grief and loss.
I help clients who are navigating the various stages of life that can trigger depression or anxiety - including fertility, postpartum, the empty nest, aging, and challenges specific to the "sandwich generation." I work with parents in all phases of child-rearing and, in particular, those raising a child with ADHD. In addition, I work with adolescents and young adults to help them reach their potential and overcome emotional conflicts, stresses, and challenges. Finally, with strong experience in hospital and home health care, I am uniquely qualified to support those coping with illness and medical crises as well as grief and loss.
(760) 973-4529 View (760) 973-4529
Photo of Hiliary Meagan Schroeder, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Hiliary Meagan Schroeder
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with recognizing your self worth and potential in life? Are you feeling hopeless and unsure how to move forward? If you answered yes to any of these questions you are not alone; I am here to help!
Do you struggle with recognizing your self worth and potential in life? Are you feeling hopeless and unsure how to move forward? If you answered yes to any of these questions you are not alone; I am here to help!
(661) 724-4415 View (661) 724-4415
Photo of Lara Zawacki in Encinitas, CA
Lara Zawacki
MA, CAGS, LEP, PPS
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Neurodiversity is the new norm and I am here to help you navigate your journey. It is important to understand the root causes of one's difficulties before wasting time and money on unsuccessful interventions. Proper assessment and diagnosis are the first step in understanding the most effective treatments and research-based recommendations at home and school. With this informed perspective, one can pursue accommodations and support from preschool through post-graduate pursuits.
Neurodiversity is the new norm and I am here to help you navigate your journey. It is important to understand the root causes of one's difficulties before wasting time and money on unsuccessful interventions. Proper assessment and diagnosis are the first step in understanding the most effective treatments and research-based recommendations at home and school. With this informed perspective, one can pursue accommodations and support from preschool through post-graduate pursuits.
(760) 666-4386 View (760) 666-4386
Photo of Matthew J. Jarvinen, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Matthew J. Jarvinen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
Hi, I specialize in psychotherapy and have worked in the field of mental health for over 10 years. I am currently accepting new clients as of 5/14/2024. If you are looking for a therapist, there are two things I want you to know:
Hi, I specialize in psychotherapy and have worked in the field of mental health for over 10 years. I am currently accepting new clients as of 5/14/2024. If you are looking for a therapist, there are two things I want you to know:
(916) 507-1447 View (916) 507-1447
Photo of Carol Swanson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Carol Swanson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist in California and Arizona. I specialize in childhood trauma, family relationships, and life stressors. My approach is client-centered. I believe everyone has personal strengths they can use to overcome any obstacles. I will collaborate with you to identify those strengths and help guide you to live a fulfilling life. I have extensive experience working with adults who are working through their own childhood traumas. I use the humanistic approach of therapy to meet you where you are in life. I will not judge you, I will only support you and help lead you to live the life you want.
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist in California and Arizona. I specialize in childhood trauma, family relationships, and life stressors. My approach is client-centered. I believe everyone has personal strengths they can use to overcome any obstacles. I will collaborate with you to identify those strengths and help guide you to live a fulfilling life. I have extensive experience working with adults who are working through their own childhood traumas. I use the humanistic approach of therapy to meet you where you are in life. I will not judge you, I will only support you and help lead you to live the life you want.
(760) 313-3257 View (760) 313-3257
Photo of Hannah Mostarlic, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Encinitas, CA
Hannah Mostarlic
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Without access to our emotions, life feels like sailing without a rudder. Maybe you feel anxious or depressed most days, are unsatisfied in your close relationships, engage in behaviors that you wish you didn’t, or feel like life just isn’t going in the direction you hoped. Though you were born with the ability to experience all of the wonderful human emotions, somewhere along the line, you might have been given good reason not to trust or listen to them.
Without access to our emotions, life feels like sailing without a rudder. Maybe you feel anxious or depressed most days, are unsatisfied in your close relationships, engage in behaviors that you wish you didn’t, or feel like life just isn’t going in the direction you hoped. Though you were born with the ability to experience all of the wonderful human emotions, somewhere along the line, you might have been given good reason not to trust or listen to them.
(760) 227-5103 View (760) 227-5103
Photo of Rhonda E. Allen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Rhonda E. Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
Not accepting new clients
Are you a woman feeling sad, anxious, or just not yourself? Do you overthink the past? Worry too much about the future? Reach for quick fixes that don’t work? Or do you ignore the problem and tell yourself that eventually, things will change? Your sad thoughts and anxious feelings zap your energy. Unfortunately, your quick fixes only cause more painful struggles, and distancing yourself from the problem only worsens things. There is a reason for your sadness, worry, dependency, and detachment. Reaching out for help is the courageous first step toward finding relief and a solution.
Are you a woman feeling sad, anxious, or just not yourself? Do you overthink the past? Worry too much about the future? Reach for quick fixes that don’t work? Or do you ignore the problem and tell yourself that eventually, things will change? Your sad thoughts and anxious feelings zap your energy. Unfortunately, your quick fixes only cause more painful struggles, and distancing yourself from the problem only worsens things. There is a reason for your sadness, worry, dependency, and detachment. Reaching out for help is the courageous first step toward finding relief and a solution.
(760) 465-0237 View (760) 465-0237
Photo of Emily Merryweather, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Encinitas, CA
Emily Merryweather
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, NCC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Welcome! I'm so glad you are here. I enjoy working to create a safe space to gently process difficult life experiences and to set goals for healthy and well future.
Welcome! I'm so glad you are here. I enjoy working to create a safe space to gently process difficult life experiences and to set goals for healthy and well future.
(760) 642-6529 View (760) 642-6529
Photo of Sue Shrinkle-Emmons, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Sue Shrinkle-Emmons
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
If you’ve made it here, I’m sure you’d like to feel more in control and powerful without neglecting the people and things you care about. The problem is that daily stressors, illness, family pressures, lack of boundaries and trauma keep us feeling stuck and emotionally overwhelmed. Therapy helps us clarify our values, increases emotional resilience, decreases overall stress, allows us to feel understood and gives us our power back. I work with women ages 19+ and the LGBTQ+ population to help you achieve these goals in a safe, affirming environment.
If you’ve made it here, I’m sure you’d like to feel more in control and powerful without neglecting the people and things you care about. The problem is that daily stressors, illness, family pressures, lack of boundaries and trauma keep us feeling stuck and emotionally overwhelmed. Therapy helps us clarify our values, increases emotional resilience, decreases overall stress, allows us to feel understood and gives us our power back. I work with women ages 19+ and the LGBTQ+ population to help you achieve these goals in a safe, affirming environment.
(760) 691-2085 View (760) 691-2085
Photo of Frances A Welk, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Frances A Welk
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
Does your life from the outside look amazing, yet you feel lonely, directionless, anxious, depressed, or lost? You live in a beautiful place, have a gorgeous home, great trips, lots of friends, and many social and charitable activities to keep you busy, yet your relationships and your life seem distant and disconnected. Does your partner work too much? Are your children too busy? If you don't have children are you struggling with infertility? Or maybe you are struggling with your health? Don't worry - there is hope! I have seen this condition before and can help.
Does your life from the outside look amazing, yet you feel lonely, directionless, anxious, depressed, or lost? You live in a beautiful place, have a gorgeous home, great trips, lots of friends, and many social and charitable activities to keep you busy, yet your relationships and your life seem distant and disconnected. Does your partner work too much? Are your children too busy? If you don't have children are you struggling with infertility? Or maybe you are struggling with your health? Don't worry - there is hope! I have seen this condition before and can help.
(858) 705-1200 View (858) 705-1200
Photo of Sean Berkshire, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Encinitas, CA
Sean Berkshire
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Each and every one of us possess the inherent ability to create positive change within ourselves. Whether you’re looking to alter patterns of behavior, strengthen relationships, or foster healthy development within your children, I would love the opportunity to work with you as you explore, understand, and grow. Therapy is a different journey for each individual and this is why I believe an integrated therapeutic approach tailored to YOU is essential in effective therapy. Based on your strengths, we will work together to create a personal and unique treatment plan, allowing you time to heal, grow, and reach your fullest potential.
Each and every one of us possess the inherent ability to create positive change within ourselves. Whether you’re looking to alter patterns of behavior, strengthen relationships, or foster healthy development within your children, I would love the opportunity to work with you as you explore, understand, and grow. Therapy is a different journey for each individual and this is why I believe an integrated therapeutic approach tailored to YOU is essential in effective therapy. Based on your strengths, we will work together to create a personal and unique treatment plan, allowing you time to heal, grow, and reach your fullest potential.
(760) 227-2831 View (760) 227-2831
Photo of Louisa Lurkis, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Louisa Lurkis
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
There is no way around the fact that life throws ongoing curve balls, and sometimes those balls feel enormously overwhelming. I see therapy as a means to help people move through their suffering and finds better ways to experience their life and develop aspects of their brain that equip them to feel more joy, inner comfort, inner integration and meaning. I work empathically to build awareness of repetitive patterns, gain relief from emotional pain and help build deeper connections to oneself and others. My careful use of attunement and connecting one's core self to younger "parts" of the mind creates deep change.
There is no way around the fact that life throws ongoing curve balls, and sometimes those balls feel enormously overwhelming. I see therapy as a means to help people move through their suffering and finds better ways to experience their life and develop aspects of their brain that equip them to feel more joy, inner comfort, inner integration and meaning. I work empathically to build awareness of repetitive patterns, gain relief from emotional pain and help build deeper connections to oneself and others. My careful use of attunement and connecting one's core self to younger "parts" of the mind creates deep change.
(760) 642-1560 View (760) 642-1560
Photo of Gauri Savla, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Gauri Savla
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Not accepting new clients
Thank you for taking a step toward making a positive change in your life. Whether you have long-standing emotional or cognitive difficulties, are facing new challenges, or are simply seeking personal growth, I can offer you a safe, kind, and supportive environment where you can speak without fear of judgment, learn to live a fuller life, and gain perspective and a renewed sense of hope. Over the past 19 years, I have worked with adults suffering from depression, anxiety and psychosis. I have a special interest and expertise in seniors (65+ years) and young adults (18-24 years), but I work with adults of all ages.
Thank you for taking a step toward making a positive change in your life. Whether you have long-standing emotional or cognitive difficulties, are facing new challenges, or are simply seeking personal growth, I can offer you a safe, kind, and supportive environment where you can speak without fear of judgment, learn to live a fuller life, and gain perspective and a renewed sense of hope. Over the past 19 years, I have worked with adults suffering from depression, anxiety and psychosis. I have a special interest and expertise in seniors (65+ years) and young adults (18-24 years), but I work with adults of all ages.
(213) 784-8095 View (213) 784-8095
Photo of Nancy M Beehn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Nancy M Beehn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Is your teen or pre-teen suffering from depression or anxiety? Are they struggling in school or with their peer group? Through the use of cognitive behavioral strategies, your child can learn new ways of thinking and coping. Children and teens don't always have the ability, or the words, to share how they are really feeling. Instead it comes out in their behaviors, which often times ends up creating conflict, disharmony and upset. It doesn't have to be this way. Your child and your family can enjoy being together. It is possible to see your child or teen be their best self!
Is your teen or pre-teen suffering from depression or anxiety? Are they struggling in school or with their peer group? Through the use of cognitive behavioral strategies, your child can learn new ways of thinking and coping. Children and teens don't always have the ability, or the words, to share how they are really feeling. Instead it comes out in their behaviors, which often times ends up creating conflict, disharmony and upset. It doesn't have to be this way. Your child and your family can enjoy being together. It is possible to see your child or teen be their best self!
(760) 642-5267 View (760) 642-5267
Photo of Thomas Conte Manheim, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Thomas Conte Manheim
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Many of us would like to be more satisfied with our lives. We seemingly seek therapy because we may need some support in finding a new way to become happier and at peace. My job is to collaborate with you so we can draw from your inner strength and wisdom to find solutions. You may let go of some old ways of thinking and feeling that no longer serve you and instead adopt new more positive beliefs.There will be increased clarity and joy in your life. Specialties: feeling stuck, anxiety, job stress, depression, loss, couples issues, financial, and spirituality.
Many of us would like to be more satisfied with our lives. We seemingly seek therapy because we may need some support in finding a new way to become happier and at peace. My job is to collaborate with you so we can draw from your inner strength and wisdom to find solutions. You may let go of some old ways of thinking and feeling that no longer serve you and instead adopt new more positive beliefs.There will be increased clarity and joy in your life. Specialties: feeling stuck, anxiety, job stress, depression, loss, couples issues, financial, and spirituality.
(760) 550-2122 View (760) 550-2122
Photo of Victoria Shaw, Counselor in Encinitas, CA
Victoria Shaw
Counselor, PhD, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
I am an intuitive coach and spiritual guide. My work combines my background and training in counseling and psychology with intuitive guidance to help clients heal, grow, and realize their full spiritual and personal potential. For years, I have supported children, teens and adults in connecting with their spiritual wisdom and enhancing all aspects of their lives. I can teach you how to tap into your inner resources, and help you to find strength, clarity and growth through your life’s challenges. I help you in healing your deepest hurts and connecting with your own inner healer.
I am an intuitive coach and spiritual guide. My work combines my background and training in counseling and psychology with intuitive guidance to help clients heal, grow, and realize their full spiritual and personal potential. For years, I have supported children, teens and adults in connecting with their spiritual wisdom and enhancing all aspects of their lives. I can teach you how to tap into your inner resources, and help you to find strength, clarity and growth through your life’s challenges. I help you in healing your deepest hurts and connecting with your own inner healer.
(619) 492-5612 View (619) 492-5612
Photo of Rebecca Prolman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Rebecca Prolman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
However you come into therapy is welcomed - you can’t do this wrong.​ Sometimes we can feel overwhelmed by anxiety, sadness, or the intensity of our emotions. Other times we can feel numb and not be able to feel much of anything. Maybe it feels challenging to relax or to feel joy and pleasure. These are challenging, but common experiences— you are not crazy. Together we will explore your experiences, hopes, and desires. I work holistically to address the mind, body, heart, and spirit; allowing for increased experiences of inner-peace, meaningful connection, and increased confidence.
However you come into therapy is welcomed - you can’t do this wrong.​ Sometimes we can feel overwhelmed by anxiety, sadness, or the intensity of our emotions. Other times we can feel numb and not be able to feel much of anything. Maybe it feels challenging to relax or to feel joy and pleasure. These are challenging, but common experiences— you are not crazy. Together we will explore your experiences, hopes, and desires. I work holistically to address the mind, body, heart, and spirit; allowing for increased experiences of inner-peace, meaningful connection, and increased confidence.
(760) 417-6961 View (760) 417-6961
Photo of Kendra Pinamonti, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Kendra Pinamonti
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Welcome to my practice! I am so glad you are here. Please see my website www.sunshineinsidetherapy.com to learn more about my practice. My passion is working with individuals to reduce and stop both anxiety and depression. I see many people who struggle with PTSD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and with a history of childhood abuse (emotional/physical/sexual) and trauma. I offer evidence based help using Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing(EMDR), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy & Neurofeedback. You will gain concrete tools, find solutions and feel connected, supported and reach goals you have set for your life!
Welcome to my practice! I am so glad you are here. Please see my website www.sunshineinsidetherapy.com to learn more about my practice. My passion is working with individuals to reduce and stop both anxiety and depression. I see many people who struggle with PTSD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and with a history of childhood abuse (emotional/physical/sexual) and trauma. I offer evidence based help using Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing(EMDR), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy & Neurofeedback. You will gain concrete tools, find solutions and feel connected, supported and reach goals you have set for your life!
(760) 313-3650 View (760) 313-3650

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Encinitas, CA

500+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Encinitas, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
65% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aetna
61% Cigna and Evernorth
51% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Encinitas, CA see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Encinitas?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.