Therapists in Beverly Hills, CA

Photo of Georgette Vojdani, Psychologist in Beverly Hills, CA
Georgette Vojdani
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90211
Traumatic events causes one to develop negative beliefs about oneself or the world. These experiences become fixed in the body-mind in form of negative emotions causing anger, depression, nightmares, intrusive thoughts, panic, anxiety, phobias, shame, low self-esteem which can create difficulties with your relationships at home and at work. I use EMDR to heal the deep wounds of traumatic childhood events which are the source that one may believe that he/she is not a good enough person, not loveable, does not deserve to be loved or trusted. Negative self beliefs and negative emotions effects our body and mind causing physical and emotional distress.
Traumatic events causes one to develop negative beliefs about oneself or the world. These experiences become fixed in the body-mind in form of negative emotions causing anger, depression, nightmares, intrusive thoughts, panic, anxiety, phobias, shame, low self-esteem which can create difficulties with your relationships at home and at work. I use EMDR to heal the deep wounds of traumatic childhood events which are the source that one may believe that he/she is not a good enough person, not loveable, does not deserve to be loved or trusted. Negative self beliefs and negative emotions effects our body and mind causing physical and emotional distress.
(424) 236-6210 View (424) 236-6210
Photo of John McNamara, Marriage & Family Therapist in Beverly Hills, CA
John McNamara
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
My practice is founded on the principle that therapy is not about fixing something that is broken. You are not broken. People do not need to be fixed.
My practice is founded on the principle that therapy is not about fixing something that is broken. You are not broken. People do not need to be fixed.
(424) 264-2928 View (424) 264-2928
Photo of Rincy Mathew, Marriage & Family Therapist in Beverly Hills, CA
Rincy Mathew
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
I believe psychotherapy to be sacred work that can be immensely healing and transformative. But it requires a genuine commitment to confront uncomfortable feelings and beliefs. In my experience, most psychic pain stems from a lack of connection to our authentic selves causing immense suffering that manifests into self-defeating thoughts and addictions, loss of purpose and meaning, and relational trauma. My work with clients is to unravel these self-limiting unconscious processes to gain better insight and live more intentionally with greater purpose and freedom.
I believe psychotherapy to be sacred work that can be immensely healing and transformative. But it requires a genuine commitment to confront uncomfortable feelings and beliefs. In my experience, most psychic pain stems from a lack of connection to our authentic selves causing immense suffering that manifests into self-defeating thoughts and addictions, loss of purpose and meaning, and relational trauma. My work with clients is to unravel these self-limiting unconscious processes to gain better insight and live more intentionally with greater purpose and freedom.
(310) 526-3854 View (310) 526-3854
Photo of Neda Azar, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Beverly Hills, CA
Neda Azar
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90210
I will meet you where you are, will join you in exploring your inner depths, and we will continue the journey together. Do you want to explore different versions of yourself and uncover your true capabilities? Do you want to transform and expand your potential to help you heal traumas, allay anxiety, and relieve chronic stress? I will be by your side for self-actualization to support you in your endeavor for self-transformation.
I will meet you where you are, will join you in exploring your inner depths, and we will continue the journey together. Do you want to explore different versions of yourself and uncover your true capabilities? Do you want to transform and expand your potential to help you heal traumas, allay anxiety, and relieve chronic stress? I will be by your side for self-actualization to support you in your endeavor for self-transformation.
(310) 499-2674 View (310) 499-2674
Photo of Lane Janger, Marriage & Family Therapist in Beverly Hills, CA
Lane Janger
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC, MA, MFA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
I work with teens and adults virtually in California, or in person in Los Angeles. Every day I meet people who feel stuck in their lives and behaviors yet struggle to take the necessary steps toward facing their challenges and meeting their potential. Whether you struggle with addiction, depression, anxiety, social factors, trauma, grief, childhood experience, ADHD/learning challenges, hopelessness, LGBTQ+, sexuality, and/or gender-related topics, I am here to help you clear the roadblocks between you and the best version of yourself.
I work with teens and adults virtually in California, or in person in Los Angeles. Every day I meet people who feel stuck in their lives and behaviors yet struggle to take the necessary steps toward facing their challenges and meeting their potential. Whether you struggle with addiction, depression, anxiety, social factors, trauma, grief, childhood experience, ADHD/learning challenges, hopelessness, LGBTQ+, sexuality, and/or gender-related topics, I am here to help you clear the roadblocks between you and the best version of yourself.
(323) 968-7430 View (323) 968-7430
Photo of Valarie Gardner Emdr Trained, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist in Beverly Hills, CA
Valarie Gardner Emdr Trained
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90211  (Online Only)
I offer online therapy to both individuals and couples. Clients often come to me because they feel stuck in some way and are tired of spinning their wheels. I provide short-term, effective and transformative therapy as well as the skills you need to get back on track to living the more secure, loving, and fulfilling life you want.
I offer online therapy to both individuals and couples. Clients often come to me because they feel stuck in some way and are tired of spinning their wheels. I provide short-term, effective and transformative therapy as well as the skills you need to get back on track to living the more secure, loving, and fulfilling life you want.
(310) 961-9076 View (310) 961-9076
Photo of Eishita Manjrekar, Psychologist in Beverly Hills, CA
Eishita Manjrekar
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90211
Whether you've been struggling with work-related stress, life transitions, grief, relationships, persistent symptoms (e. g. , worry, depressed mood, angry outbursts), or something else"”we will work together to identify what to focus on and address. I will develop an individually-tailored treatment plan to help you set healthy goals, learn and utilize new skills, and make effective short and long-term changes in your life. Additionally, I will strive to help you approach difficult thoughts and feelings, and build a life that aligns with your values.
Whether you've been struggling with work-related stress, life transitions, grief, relationships, persistent symptoms (e. g. , worry, depressed mood, angry outbursts), or something else"”we will work together to identify what to focus on and address. I will develop an individually-tailored treatment plan to help you set healthy goals, learn and utilize new skills, and make effective short and long-term changes in your life. Additionally, I will strive to help you approach difficult thoughts and feelings, and build a life that aligns with your values.
(424) 622-4163 View (424) 622-4163
Photo of Christopher Charles Meyer, Psychologist in Beverly Hills, CA
Christopher Charles Meyer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90210
As a psychoanalyst following Jacques Lacan's return to Freud, I adhere to an analytic ethic which makes a space for the uniqueness and singularity of your unconscious. What is repeating itself in your life and in search of a space and a time for speech? What is insisting, seeking a way out, and resistant to other approaches, treatments, and therapies? The session affords a place and a time for you to speak freely, and my desire to know supports and welcomes what is at stake in the suffering you bear in the singularity of your life context.
As a psychoanalyst following Jacques Lacan's return to Freud, I adhere to an analytic ethic which makes a space for the uniqueness and singularity of your unconscious. What is repeating itself in your life and in search of a space and a time for speech? What is insisting, seeking a way out, and resistant to other approaches, treatments, and therapies? The session affords a place and a time for you to speak freely, and my desire to know supports and welcomes what is at stake in the suffering you bear in the singularity of your life context.
(323) 405-7906 View (323) 405-7906
Photo of Josh L. Mirmelli, Psychologist in Beverly Hills, CA
Josh L. Mirmelli
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90210
Too often in our everyday lives we use language such as "that's good enough" or "I guess that'll do." Commonly, these phrases are reflective of a pattern of settling for just getting by. I believe we can achieve more than just the "good enough" in our careers, our passions, our relationships, and our lives. It's time to stop going through the motions and selling yourself short. You don't have to settle for fine.
Too often in our everyday lives we use language such as "that's good enough" or "I guess that'll do." Commonly, these phrases are reflective of a pattern of settling for just getting by. I believe we can achieve more than just the "good enough" in our careers, our passions, our relationships, and our lives. It's time to stop going through the motions and selling yourself short. You don't have to settle for fine.
(310) 361-2005 View (310) 361-2005
Photo of Heather Shannon | Certified Sex Therapist, Counselor in Beverly Hills, CA
Heather Shannon | Certified Sex Therapist
Counselor, LCPC, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90210  (Online Only)
Are you and your partner in a rut when it comes to sex? Or maybe it is not happening at all? I specialize in working with committed couples who have lost their sexy spark and are looking to feel closer, more excited & genuinely passionate again. My work is unique in that it's not about tips and tricks, but rather the deeper psychological blockages that might be holding you back in the bedroom. If you're ready to do the work and transform your relationship, I would be honored to be your guide. I love working with sexually diverse clients including: kinksters, LGBTQIA+ clients, sex workers and non-monogamous folks.
Are you and your partner in a rut when it comes to sex? Or maybe it is not happening at all? I specialize in working with committed couples who have lost their sexy spark and are looking to feel closer, more excited & genuinely passionate again. My work is unique in that it's not about tips and tricks, but rather the deeper psychological blockages that might be holding you back in the bedroom. If you're ready to do the work and transform your relationship, I would be honored to be your guide. I love working with sexually diverse clients including: kinksters, LGBTQIA+ clients, sex workers and non-monogamous folks.
(323) 746-1851 View (323) 746-1851
Photo of Amy Lacina, Marriage & Family Therapist in Beverly Hills, CA
Amy Lacina
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90210
There are times in all of our lives when we experience challenging emotional situations. Sometimes, when these situations arrive we can benefit from the support of a person outside of our inner circle of family and friends. Whether you are struggling with an acute crisis, change, or loss in your life, or even if you are just feeling mildly but persistently upset, it can take a toll on all aspects of your life. Everyone can benefit from psychotherapy. No problem is too minor, common, severe, or unusual to be explored and healed.
There are times in all of our lives when we experience challenging emotional situations. Sometimes, when these situations arrive we can benefit from the support of a person outside of our inner circle of family and friends. Whether you are struggling with an acute crisis, change, or loss in your life, or even if you are just feeling mildly but persistently upset, it can take a toll on all aspects of your life. Everyone can benefit from psychotherapy. No problem is too minor, common, severe, or unusual to be explored and healed.
(424) 294-8935 View (424) 294-8935
Photo of Cary Frank Schwimmer, Psychologist in Beverly Hills, CA
Cary Frank Schwimmer
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90211
I have over 30 years of experience in working with adults. I am an expert in the treatment of anxiety and depression. If I am not in your insurance network I can still work with you. I will help you to get reimbursement. I have a wide range of knowledge about anxiety, depression, OCD, panic disorder, addictions, fears, relationship issues, PTSD, phobias and family issues. One Specialty: Childhood and Adult Trauma. I believe that the exploration of your life helps us to understand who you are today. 20 years of experience with EMDR. Neurofeedback for anxiety, ADHD, brain fog, TBI, depression, concussion and a range of other issues.
I have over 30 years of experience in working with adults. I am an expert in the treatment of anxiety and depression. If I am not in your insurance network I can still work with you. I will help you to get reimbursement. I have a wide range of knowledge about anxiety, depression, OCD, panic disorder, addictions, fears, relationship issues, PTSD, phobias and family issues. One Specialty: Childhood and Adult Trauma. I believe that the exploration of your life helps us to understand who you are today. 20 years of experience with EMDR. Neurofeedback for anxiety, ADHD, brain fog, TBI, depression, concussion and a range of other issues.
(954) 874-8417 View (954) 874-8417
Photo of Lee Konecke, Marriage & Family Therapist in Beverly Hills, CA
Lee Konecke
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
ZEN PSYCHOTHERAPY . PERFORMANCE COACHING . MEDITATION . BREATHWORK I primarily work with clients in high-profile and high stress arenas: Artists, Athletes, Executives, Creatives, Entrepreneurs. My clients want to cultivate the mindset and behaviors that contribute growth, healing, love, and creativity, and performance. They are open to the principle that forms of fear and psychological clutter are often the pathways to the above mentioned.
ZEN PSYCHOTHERAPY . PERFORMANCE COACHING . MEDITATION . BREATHWORK I primarily work with clients in high-profile and high stress arenas: Artists, Athletes, Executives, Creatives, Entrepreneurs. My clients want to cultivate the mindset and behaviors that contribute growth, healing, love, and creativity, and performance. They are open to the principle that forms of fear and psychological clutter are often the pathways to the above mentioned.
(323) 795-2409 View (323) 795-2409
Photo of David K Royce, Marriage & Family Therapist in Beverly Hills, CA
David K Royce
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90210
Through the therapeutic process, I aim to know and understand the authentic you. As collaborators, we can explore your hopes and fears, unlock what might be holding you back, and free you from old habits and patterns. I have experience in several therapeutic approaches, including Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavioral (CBT). Depending on your particular set of needs, I custom tailor our sessions to match your goals.
Through the therapeutic process, I aim to know and understand the authentic you. As collaborators, we can explore your hopes and fears, unlock what might be holding you back, and free you from old habits and patterns. I have experience in several therapeutic approaches, including Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavioral (CBT). Depending on your particular set of needs, I custom tailor our sessions to match your goals.
(310) 435-9475 View (310) 435-9475
Photo of OCD Associates, Psychologist in Beverly Hills, CA
OCD Associates
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90210  (Online Only)
We specialize in Rumination-Focused ERP for OCD and anxiety disorders. This approach focuses on treating compulsive rumination, and provides a highly systematic yet gentler approach to exposure therapy. RF-ERP can be helpful to patients who have not made significant progress in other types of treatment, including individuals with Pure O or Sensorimotor OCD.
We specialize in Rumination-Focused ERP for OCD and anxiety disorders. This approach focuses on treating compulsive rumination, and provides a highly systematic yet gentler approach to exposure therapy. RF-ERP can be helpful to patients who have not made significant progress in other types of treatment, including individuals with Pure O or Sensorimotor OCD.
(646) 652-6753 View (646) 652-6753
Photo of Gary Bruton, Psychologist in Beverly Hills, CA
Gary Bruton
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
Not accepting new clients
I am a cognitive-behavioral psychologist who specializes in the treatment of anxiety disorders (e.g., panic, agoraphobia, OCD (BTTI Certified), social and generalized anxiety). The clients I work with are seeking a treatment approach that equips them with tools to function more effectively at work, within interpersonal relationships, or to simply experience less distress in their daily lives. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an interactive, directive style of therapy with a primary focus on current issues. Once the anxiety has diminished, some of my clients choose to continue in therapy to work on other issues and concerns.
I am a cognitive-behavioral psychologist who specializes in the treatment of anxiety disorders (e.g., panic, agoraphobia, OCD (BTTI Certified), social and generalized anxiety). The clients I work with are seeking a treatment approach that equips them with tools to function more effectively at work, within interpersonal relationships, or to simply experience less distress in their daily lives. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an interactive, directive style of therapy with a primary focus on current issues. Once the anxiety has diminished, some of my clients choose to continue in therapy to work on other issues and concerns.
(310) 692-9457 View (310) 692-9457
Photo of Elizabeth D Winkler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Beverly Hills, CA
Elizabeth D Winkler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
Therapy is a safe and nurturing place for you to explore your emotions and struggles within yourself as well as in the world. If you are stressed, depressed, anxious, or conflicted in a relationship then email or call me and see if I'm the right "fit" for you. I look forward to meeting you!
Therapy is a safe and nurturing place for you to explore your emotions and struggles within yourself as well as in the world. If you are stressed, depressed, anxious, or conflicted in a relationship then email or call me and see if I'm the right "fit" for you. I look forward to meeting you!
(310) 910-9618 View (310) 910-9618
Photo of Cheryl Arutt, Psychologist in Beverly Hills, CA
Cheryl Arutt
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90211  (Online Only)
Do you seem "high-functioning" yet still feel stuck in some important ways? Ready to let go of what's holding you back? As a specialist in trauma recovery & post-traumatic growth, I help people understand how adaptations to the source of distress often outlive their usefulness, providing guidance and inspiration to navigate life from a place of wholeness. I am a Certified EMDR Clinician & Approved Consultant highly trained in complex and developmental trauma with nearly three decades specializing in creative artist issues & trauma recovery. Growth occurs with respect, compassion, and a belief in the human capacity for healing.
Do you seem "high-functioning" yet still feel stuck in some important ways? Ready to let go of what's holding you back? As a specialist in trauma recovery & post-traumatic growth, I help people understand how adaptations to the source of distress often outlive their usefulness, providing guidance and inspiration to navigate life from a place of wholeness. I am a Certified EMDR Clinician & Approved Consultant highly trained in complex and developmental trauma with nearly three decades specializing in creative artist issues & trauma recovery. Growth occurs with respect, compassion, and a belief in the human capacity for healing.
(424) 329-1683 View (424) 329-1683
Photo of Ju Hee Song, Psychologist in Beverly Hills, CA
Ju Hee Song
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90211
Hello! I'm Dr. Song. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who considers self-awareness and self-understanding crucial for enhancing interpersonal relationship skills and developing the ability to tolerate and manage life stressors in an integrated and holistic way. My training has been focused on working with children, adolescents, and adults. I have treated individuals with trauma, anxiety, depression, dissociation, ADHD, autism, perfectionism, stress, relational struggles, grief, and life transition.
Hello! I'm Dr. Song. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who considers self-awareness and self-understanding crucial for enhancing interpersonal relationship skills and developing the ability to tolerate and manage life stressors in an integrated and holistic way. My training has been focused on working with children, adolescents, and adults. I have treated individuals with trauma, anxiety, depression, dissociation, ADHD, autism, perfectionism, stress, relational struggles, grief, and life transition.
(424) 544-3593 View (424) 544-3593
Photo of Gozde Gokozan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Beverly Hills, CA
Gozde Gokozan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MA, LMFT, LPCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90210
My approach to psychotherapy is empathic, collaborative and unique to each individual's own needs. I believe the most important component of therapy is establishing a genuine relational connection. I strive to create a therapeutic environment in which clients feel comfortable, respectful, supportive and understood in order to actively explore deep personal issues and experiment with new ways of thinking. I provide a unique psychotherapy to treat a wide variety of conditions including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, ADHD, LGBT issues, attachment issues, OCD, kleptomania and grief.
My approach to psychotherapy is empathic, collaborative and unique to each individual's own needs. I believe the most important component of therapy is establishing a genuine relational connection. I strive to create a therapeutic environment in which clients feel comfortable, respectful, supportive and understood in order to actively explore deep personal issues and experiment with new ways of thinking. I provide a unique psychotherapy to treat a wide variety of conditions including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, ADHD, LGBT issues, attachment issues, OCD, kleptomania and grief.
(424) 321-6283 View (424) 321-6283

See more therapy options for Beverly Hills

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Beverly Hills, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Beverly Hills, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
86% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
64% Grief
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
49% Cigna and Evernorth
47% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Beverly Hills, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
26% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Beverly Hills?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.