Therapists in Chicago, IL

View neighborhoods in Chicago
Photo of Jeannie Aschkenasy, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Jeannie Aschkenasy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
I have extensive experience working with individuals of all ages, as well as couples, who are interested in bridging the space between where they are and where they want to be. I do this by using my specialized skills as a clinical psychologist, and also by bringing a holistic lens to the work. I want to meet you where you are emotionally, mentally, and behaviorally. My goal is to provide a space where you can develop the coping skills and resources that you'll need to be successful -- however you define success -- in your everyday life.
I have extensive experience working with individuals of all ages, as well as couples, who are interested in bridging the space between where they are and where they want to be. I do this by using my specialized skills as a clinical psychologist, and also by bringing a holistic lens to the work. I want to meet you where you are emotionally, mentally, and behaviorally. My goal is to provide a space where you can develop the coping skills and resources that you'll need to be successful -- however you define success -- in your everyday life.
(872) 231-3941 View (872) 231-3941
Photo of Casey McDonagh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Casey McDonagh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
I have experience working with both adolescents and adults, providing individual therapy and group therapy in private practice, outpatient treatment, and inpatient treatment settings. I believe that healing and growth is possible when we are met with support, compassion, and accountability. I take a holistic and non-judgmental approach to help my clients meet their goals, explore their relationships, and feel more confident in their decisions.
I have experience working with both adolescents and adults, providing individual therapy and group therapy in private practice, outpatient treatment, and inpatient treatment settings. I believe that healing and growth is possible when we are met with support, compassion, and accountability. I take a holistic and non-judgmental approach to help my clients meet their goals, explore their relationships, and feel more confident in their decisions.
(773) 389-2639 View (773) 389-2639
Photo of Daniella Martinez, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Daniella Martinez
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
I have a passion for helping individuals overcome challenges, and have a better understanding of themselves and what they want in life. I specialize in working with children and adolescents, individuals with substance abuse, and transitioning through life's daily struggles. As a former teacher, I have witnessed firsthand the challenges that children and teens face, including academic stress, peer pressure, and social anxiety. I also help clients with substance abuse issues navigate the challenges and build resilience, by processing the underlying issues such as trauma, anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem.
I have a passion for helping individuals overcome challenges, and have a better understanding of themselves and what they want in life. I specialize in working with children and adolescents, individuals with substance abuse, and transitioning through life's daily struggles. As a former teacher, I have witnessed firsthand the challenges that children and teens face, including academic stress, peer pressure, and social anxiety. I also help clients with substance abuse issues navigate the challenges and build resilience, by processing the underlying issues such as trauma, anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem.
(312) 728-4057 View (312) 728-4057
Photo of Matt Raftery, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Matt Raftery
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
Hi! My name is Matt (he/him), and I am a white, gay, cisgender male. My previous career was spent in the performing arts, and I am now an intern/clinical trainee and in my final year of achieving my MSW at Loyola University Chicago. I’m 50 years old and a widower, having lost my partner of 10 years in 2014. I have a strong focus on helping the LGBTQIA+ community, particularly those who have experienced grief and/or trauma, and those who are getting older and facing societal ageism and isolation. I also have experience in Veterinary Social Work and highly value the connection many of us share with animals.
Hi! My name is Matt (he/him), and I am a white, gay, cisgender male. My previous career was spent in the performing arts, and I am now an intern/clinical trainee and in my final year of achieving my MSW at Loyola University Chicago. I’m 50 years old and a widower, having lost my partner of 10 years in 2014. I have a strong focus on helping the LGBTQIA+ community, particularly those who have experienced grief and/or trauma, and those who are getting older and facing societal ageism and isolation. I also have experience in Veterinary Social Work and highly value the connection many of us share with animals.
(773) 696-4391 View (773) 696-4391
Photo of Alejandra Gutierrez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Alejandra Gutierrez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60655  (Online Only)
Welcome! Bienvenidos! My therapeutic approach is grounded in the belief that holistic care is crucial to supporting and healing ourselves, our families, and our communities. As a bilingual, bicultural therapist, I actively integrate clients’ cultural identities and strengths into therapy. Through my background and experience as a school social worker and working with young people, I have developed a passion for working with young people including adolescents and adults. Developing a solid therapeutic alliance is my number one goal.
Welcome! Bienvenidos! My therapeutic approach is grounded in the belief that holistic care is crucial to supporting and healing ourselves, our families, and our communities. As a bilingual, bicultural therapist, I actively integrate clients’ cultural identities and strengths into therapy. Through my background and experience as a school social worker and working with young people, I have developed a passion for working with young people including adolescents and adults. Developing a solid therapeutic alliance is my number one goal.
(773) 365-9975 View (773) 365-9975
Photo of Rebecca Roberts, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Rebecca Roberts
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
In the clinical setting, I offer a warm and welcoming space for clients to feel safe, supported, and challenged. I enjoy working with clients as they build their resilience, embrace their vulnerability, and integrate the skills they already possess with ones that may lead to a more balanced life. My experience includes helping clients across the lifespan with anxiety, life transitions, trauma, OCD, Body-focused repetitive behaviors, phobias, parental and postpartum issues, Women's health, Tourette and Tic Disorders, difficulties with boundaries, self-confidence, and other stressor-related concerns.
In the clinical setting, I offer a warm and welcoming space for clients to feel safe, supported, and challenged. I enjoy working with clients as they build their resilience, embrace their vulnerability, and integrate the skills they already possess with ones that may lead to a more balanced life. My experience includes helping clients across the lifespan with anxiety, life transitions, trauma, OCD, Body-focused repetitive behaviors, phobias, parental and postpartum issues, Women's health, Tourette and Tic Disorders, difficulties with boundaries, self-confidence, and other stressor-related concerns.
(872) 266-7720 View (872) 266-7720
Photo of Joslyn Meissner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Joslyn Meissner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60605  (Online Only)
Searching for a therapist may be exciting, but also a bit intimidating. I can appreciate how you may be feeling. Don't let this stop you from making important life changes. Working as a therapist in many different settings has made me realize that the key to effective therapy is your comfort. I will do my best to create a safe environment, one in which we will work together to achieve your goals. My clients experience me as warm, open-minded and professional. I try not to take myself too seriously but when the time comes to address more serious issues, I pride myself on being a non-judgmental listener.
Searching for a therapist may be exciting, but also a bit intimidating. I can appreciate how you may be feeling. Don't let this stop you from making important life changes. Working as a therapist in many different settings has made me realize that the key to effective therapy is your comfort. I will do my best to create a safe environment, one in which we will work together to achieve your goals. My clients experience me as warm, open-minded and professional. I try not to take myself too seriously but when the time comes to address more serious issues, I pride myself on being a non-judgmental listener.
(312) 626-8425 View (312) 626-8425
Photo of Abbey Storey, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Abbey Storey
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CRC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
Each of us are navigating our own personal journeys, with challenges along the way. We make connections each day through our successes and struggles, where it is important to remember that we are not alone. You can overcome barriers, feel a true sense of belonging, relieve worry and stress, increase joy, and know yourself on a deeper level as you achieve more than you thought possible. I am passionate about helping you make lasting improvements using your unique talents to create the life that you desire as we uncover your personal definition of success.
Each of us are navigating our own personal journeys, with challenges along the way. We make connections each day through our successes and struggles, where it is important to remember that we are not alone. You can overcome barriers, feel a true sense of belonging, relieve worry and stress, increase joy, and know yourself on a deeper level as you achieve more than you thought possible. I am passionate about helping you make lasting improvements using your unique talents to create the life that you desire as we uncover your personal definition of success.
(872) 278-6544 x500 View (872) 278-6544 x500
Photo of Deidre E Hines, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Deidre E Hines
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MAPCC, MDiv, MBA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60643
Life is full of challenges, and in spite of those difficulties, you can find healing and strength through therapy.  It takes courage to embrace vulnerability amidst life's uncertainties. Over the past 10 years, I have worked with diverse clients to support their lived journey, leading them to a greater life satisfaction with a strong sense of self and improved relationships.
Life is full of challenges, and in spite of those difficulties, you can find healing and strength through therapy.  It takes courage to embrace vulnerability amidst life's uncertainties. Over the past 10 years, I have worked with diverse clients to support their lived journey, leading them to a greater life satisfaction with a strong sense of self and improved relationships.
(773) 825-6430 View (773) 825-6430
Photo of Jo Lief, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jo Lief
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60610
Seeking therapy takes courage. Many life events have led you to consider such a step, and I am already on your side. I actually see my clients as healthier for choosing therapy than others who may have chosen to avoid it. The most important single factor in the client-therapist connection is the right fit. I have 25+ years of private practice experience working with people to overcome obstacles to feeling good about themselves and their relationships. My style is empathic, warm and direct.
Seeking therapy takes courage. Many life events have led you to consider such a step, and I am already on your side. I actually see my clients as healthier for choosing therapy than others who may have chosen to avoid it. The most important single factor in the client-therapist connection is the right fit. I have 25+ years of private practice experience working with people to overcome obstacles to feeling good about themselves and their relationships. My style is empathic, warm and direct.
(312) 300-2055 View (312) 300-2055
Photo of Kristin Velazquez Kenefick, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Kristin Velazquez Kenefick
Psychologist, PsyD, RYT, TIYT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
At some point in our lives, we all encounter difficulties. These hard times may be related to our relationships, past or current traumas, work challenges, health problems, among others. My approach is to focus on the entire person, mind, body, and spirit. This involves taking a holistic view of the client and integrating healing practices for all facets of your being. My first goal is to get to know you and co-create a healing plan for you. I will partner with you to find what works best for you.
At some point in our lives, we all encounter difficulties. These hard times may be related to our relationships, past or current traumas, work challenges, health problems, among others. My approach is to focus on the entire person, mind, body, and spirit. This involves taking a holistic view of the client and integrating healing practices for all facets of your being. My first goal is to get to know you and co-create a healing plan for you. I will partner with you to find what works best for you.
(312) 779-1452 View (312) 779-1452
Katherine Uphoff
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603
People who seek psychotherapy feel stuck and stressed. Psychotherapy is an emotional learning process which takes place between a therapist and a client. Within this joint endeavor, the therapist's role is to actively listen and offer interpretations/suggestions. The client's role is to be as open as possible about his/her feelings and life situation and to engage with the therapist in a productive dialogue. The mutual goal is to facilitate the individual's self knowledge and arrive at a new understanding about the presenting problem, thereby freeing up the person to resolve the difficulty and become happier.
People who seek psychotherapy feel stuck and stressed. Psychotherapy is an emotional learning process which takes place between a therapist and a client. Within this joint endeavor, the therapist's role is to actively listen and offer interpretations/suggestions. The client's role is to be as open as possible about his/her feelings and life situation and to engage with the therapist in a productive dialogue. The mutual goal is to facilitate the individual's self knowledge and arrive at a new understanding about the presenting problem, thereby freeing up the person to resolve the difficulty and become happier.
(773) 757-6493 View (773) 757-6493
Photo of Jean Campbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jean Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MEd
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60660
Feeling lost or invisible? Feeling overwhelmed ? Feeling alone and like nobody cares? Your feelings, needs and dreams are of primary importance in the therapeutic process. I believe that the relationship between the therapist and client must be based on mutual respect, trust, and acceptance. I have worked with clients over 20yrs. with issues such as, anxiety, depression, grief, self-identity, and conflicting relationships. I am willing to provide you with a safe, supportive space to help you explore what's meaningful to you, what you want to do with your life and how to have have fulfilling relationships.
Feeling lost or invisible? Feeling overwhelmed ? Feeling alone and like nobody cares? Your feelings, needs and dreams are of primary importance in the therapeutic process. I believe that the relationship between the therapist and client must be based on mutual respect, trust, and acceptance. I have worked with clients over 20yrs. with issues such as, anxiety, depression, grief, self-identity, and conflicting relationships. I am willing to provide you with a safe, supportive space to help you explore what's meaningful to you, what you want to do with your life and how to have have fulfilling relationships.
(224) 302-4973 View (224) 302-4973
Photo of Ben Tudor, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Ben Tudor
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
No one experiences life in a vacuum. This is why I am so passionate about incorporating all of the various relationships, experiences, and cultural dimensions that make you who you are, into our work together. My job is to learn about each individual, partner, or family member, to understand their challenges and help them find strength and motivation towards change. Whether I am working with couples, families, or individuals, it is important for our work to consider the multiple larger systems that impact your life. Just as the networks we are a part of inevitably affect us, we too send ripples out to others.
No one experiences life in a vacuum. This is why I am so passionate about incorporating all of the various relationships, experiences, and cultural dimensions that make you who you are, into our work together. My job is to learn about each individual, partner, or family member, to understand their challenges and help them find strength and motivation towards change. Whether I am working with couples, families, or individuals, it is important for our work to consider the multiple larger systems that impact your life. Just as the networks we are a part of inevitably affect us, we too send ripples out to others.
(773) 839-3303 View (773) 839-3303
Photo of LaKia Colquitt, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
LaKia Colquitt
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
Somehow you lost yourself while taking good care of others. You take really good care of the kids, your husband/boyfriend, parents, cousins, and friends, but what about you? You want to rediscover who you are; you lost yourself in others and now you are ready to find yourself again.
Somehow you lost yourself while taking good care of others. You take really good care of the kids, your husband/boyfriend, parents, cousins, and friends, but what about you? You want to rediscover who you are; you lost yourself in others and now you are ready to find yourself again.
(872) 259-7709 View (872) 259-7709
Photo of Jill Baltrukonis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jill Baltrukonis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
Not accepting new clients
Maybe you want to communicate better, handle stress more effectively, "stop worrying so much," or feel more satisfied day to day. Maybe someone suggested that "you should talk to someone." Whatever your reason for seeking therapy, you are welcome in my office. I am a general practitioner with broad experience, starting in an inpatient behavioral health unit. I have had the opportunity to work with adult men, women, and couples of all backgrounds with both brief and chronic mood disorders (including depression and anxiety) and psychosis, life adjustment or grief/loss issues, substance abuse, and family or relational problems.
Maybe you want to communicate better, handle stress more effectively, "stop worrying so much," or feel more satisfied day to day. Maybe someone suggested that "you should talk to someone." Whatever your reason for seeking therapy, you are welcome in my office. I am a general practitioner with broad experience, starting in an inpatient behavioral health unit. I have had the opportunity to work with adult men, women, and couples of all backgrounds with both brief and chronic mood disorders (including depression and anxiety) and psychosis, life adjustment or grief/loss issues, substance abuse, and family or relational problems.
(309) 740-1351 View (309) 740-1351
Photo of Sthefany Alviar, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Sthefany Alviar
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD, MS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60642  (Online Only)
I believe one of the most courageous acts a person can take is to seek therapy and professional support. As your therapist, my goal is to work collaboratively with you to create a space where you feel safe to learn more about yourself and better understand your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Seeking to heal and be whole is a brave undertaking, and I hope to journey alongside you as we work towards your therapeutic goals.
I believe one of the most courageous acts a person can take is to seek therapy and professional support. As your therapist, my goal is to work collaboratively with you to create a space where you feel safe to learn more about yourself and better understand your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Seeking to heal and be whole is a brave undertaking, and I hope to journey alongside you as we work towards your therapeutic goals.
(312) 964-8838 View (312) 964-8838
Photo of Jeff Stine, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Jeff Stine
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist whose approach to therapy is based on respect, collaboration, warmth, humor, and non-judgment. I am invested and motivated in helping you understand your experiences, whether they emanate from unsatisfying personal relationships, stressful transitions in your life, or being unable to meet the expectations you place on yourself. I work to help you begin to view these challenges from a perspective of strength and resiliency. Through a kind, supportive, and caring relationship, my goal is to assist you in lessening your pain through self-exploration and meaning-making.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist whose approach to therapy is based on respect, collaboration, warmth, humor, and non-judgment. I am invested and motivated in helping you understand your experiences, whether they emanate from unsatisfying personal relationships, stressful transitions in your life, or being unable to meet the expectations you place on yourself. I work to help you begin to view these challenges from a perspective of strength and resiliency. Through a kind, supportive, and caring relationship, my goal is to assist you in lessening your pain through self-exploration and meaning-making.
(847) 260-9369 View (847) 260-9369
Photo of Myra Siddiqui, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Myra Siddiqui
Counselor, MS, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
I work with individuals who are experiencing challenges associated with anxiety, depression, relational issues, stressful jobs, trauma, grief, and complex life transitions. My subspecialty is in working with BIPOC and first and second generation individuals looking to explore the intersection of their identities. My holistic approach aims to improve your well-being through “whole person” care, focusing on the mind and body to help you get unstuck when navigating the challenges in your life. I offer warm, culturally aware, and genuine connection as you work to free yourself of burdens that are bogging you down.
I work with individuals who are experiencing challenges associated with anxiety, depression, relational issues, stressful jobs, trauma, grief, and complex life transitions. My subspecialty is in working with BIPOC and first and second generation individuals looking to explore the intersection of their identities. My holistic approach aims to improve your well-being through “whole person” care, focusing on the mind and body to help you get unstuck when navigating the challenges in your life. I offer warm, culturally aware, and genuine connection as you work to free yourself of burdens that are bogging you down.
(773) 830-3686 View (773) 830-3686
Photo of Arielle Miree, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Arielle Miree
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
I believe in creating a safe, non-judgmental space where clients feel free to let their true selves be seen. We all innately crave love, connection, and healthy relationships. We were not created to do life alone. I view each person as a holistic being, considering your mental, physical, relational, emotional, and spiritual health as we journey together towards healing, growth, and a meaningful life.
I believe in creating a safe, non-judgmental space where clients feel free to let their true selves be seen. We all innately crave love, connection, and healthy relationships. We were not created to do life alone. I view each person as a holistic being, considering your mental, physical, relational, emotional, and spiritual health as we journey together towards healing, growth, and a meaningful life.
(312) 764-1299 View (312) 764-1299

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
60% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.