Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Kienya L Jones in Chicago, IL
Kienya L Jones
MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
As a queer, Black woman and ex-athlete, building relationships has been the forefront to my experience of life. My approach to therapy is trauma-informed, psychodynamic, emotion-focused, sex-positive, and anti-oppressive. I was directly trained in issues related to domestic violence, delivering clinical care to survivors, crisis stabilization, and safety planning. While I focus on role play and Reality Therapy, I utilize an integrative approach to align with your needs and goals, and I seek resources and research to support my clinical work so I can ensure quality, evidence-based care.
As a queer, Black woman and ex-athlete, building relationships has been the forefront to my experience of life. My approach to therapy is trauma-informed, psychodynamic, emotion-focused, sex-positive, and anti-oppressive. I was directly trained in issues related to domestic violence, delivering clinical care to survivors, crisis stabilization, and safety planning. While I focus on role play and Reality Therapy, I utilize an integrative approach to align with your needs and goals, and I seek resources and research to support my clinical work so I can ensure quality, evidence-based care.
(872) 259-7260 x847 View (872) 259-7260 x847
Photo of Olivia Rowley, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Olivia Rowley
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603
If you are coming into therapy, you may find that your current way of coping with life's stressors is no longer working for you, and you may be feeling stuck in life. Maybe you find yourself wondering why you keep repeating the same patterns of behavior; why your relationships seem similar in their dissatisfaction; why your emotions feel so strong and overwhelming and out of your control; or why you might feel out of touch with your deeper self.
If you are coming into therapy, you may find that your current way of coping with life's stressors is no longer working for you, and you may be feeling stuck in life. Maybe you find yourself wondering why you keep repeating the same patterns of behavior; why your relationships seem similar in their dissatisfaction; why your emotions feel so strong and overwhelming and out of your control; or why you might feel out of touch with your deeper self.
(773) 900-7105 View (773) 900-7105
Photo of Stephanie Kilper, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Stephanie Kilper
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, BC-DMT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
I will support you in building your body-mind connection to deepen your inner strength and capacity to confront the challenges life brings you. As a dance/movement therapist and licensed clinical professional counselor, I merge the felt experience with cognitive processing to support full integration in your healing process. We know that the body remembers all it has experienced. Let's give your body, brain, and heart the opportunity to work together to help you heal. I will support you in building the skills, insight, and ability to face the hard stuff and find your power, hope, and confidence to keep building a life you will love.
I will support you in building your body-mind connection to deepen your inner strength and capacity to confront the challenges life brings you. As a dance/movement therapist and licensed clinical professional counselor, I merge the felt experience with cognitive processing to support full integration in your healing process. We know that the body remembers all it has experienced. Let's give your body, brain, and heart the opportunity to work together to help you heal. I will support you in building the skills, insight, and ability to face the hard stuff and find your power, hope, and confidence to keep building a life you will love.
(630) 547-3456 View (630) 547-3456
Photo of Erika Ostrander, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Erika Ostrander
Counselor, MA, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
I am a bilingual Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor specializing in the treatment of Anxiety, Depression, Complex trauma, and Women’s Mental Health. I enjoy working with those who are looking for an integrative approach and would like to incorporate psychological, emotional, and physical wellness into their lives. My goal is to empower clients to achieve a sense of peace and stability, enabling them to move forward with a deeper understanding of themselves and their relationships, equipped with practical tools to face life’s challenges.
I am a bilingual Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor specializing in the treatment of Anxiety, Depression, Complex trauma, and Women’s Mental Health. I enjoy working with those who are looking for an integrative approach and would like to incorporate psychological, emotional, and physical wellness into their lives. My goal is to empower clients to achieve a sense of peace and stability, enabling them to move forward with a deeper understanding of themselves and their relationships, equipped with practical tools to face life’s challenges.
(312) 239-8264 View (312) 239-8264
Photo of Maranda Gorr-Diaz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Maranda Gorr-Diaz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Feeling stuck, anxious, or unsure how to make positive changes in your life? I'm a queer, nonbinary therapist focused on intersectionality and identity. I empower individuals, especially LGBTQ+, BIPOC, and those navigating gender/sexuality, using a client-centered, strength-based approach. My eclectic modalities include acceptance, mindfulness, somatic, and harm-reduction methods. I bring a relational, compassionate, and humorous approach. Each person is an expert in their own lived experience. Let's create a therapeutic experience that leaves you centered, heard, and fulfilled.
Feeling stuck, anxious, or unsure how to make positive changes in your life? I'm a queer, nonbinary therapist focused on intersectionality and identity. I empower individuals, especially LGBTQ+, BIPOC, and those navigating gender/sexuality, using a client-centered, strength-based approach. My eclectic modalities include acceptance, mindfulness, somatic, and harm-reduction methods. I bring a relational, compassionate, and humorous approach. Each person is an expert in their own lived experience. Let's create a therapeutic experience that leaves you centered, heard, and fulfilled.
(773) 389-2905 View (773) 389-2905
Photo of Damilola Monehin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Damilola Monehin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60604
I am passionate about working with clients who struggle with various forms of trauma, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, grief and loss, infertility, co-occurring disorders, personality disorders, and relationship issues. I operate with the understanding that all people innately have and contribute value to life. This guides me in providing a safe space for my clients to be heard and validated. I enjoy working closely with my clients, helping them to resolve their life challenges by offering empathic support in their self actualization journey.
I am passionate about working with clients who struggle with various forms of trauma, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, grief and loss, infertility, co-occurring disorders, personality disorders, and relationship issues. I operate with the understanding that all people innately have and contribute value to life. This guides me in providing a safe space for my clients to be heard and validated. I enjoy working closely with my clients, helping them to resolve their life challenges by offering empathic support in their self actualization journey.
(630) 626-8825 View (630) 626-8825
Photo of Lynn Rittenberg Kauffman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Lynn Rittenberg Kauffman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC, CEAP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
I offer practical, solution-focused goal-oriented psychotherapy aimed at timely symptom relief and problem resolution. My clients, being adults, determine their own therapy goals and agenda. My style is respectful, but interactive. I do not tell my clients what to do but I will always tell you honestly how I feel about the things that you present. I believe therapy should be time-limited and results-oriented, NOT a life-long continuous process. I believe that people can change, or else I would not be in this business. I delight in helping people master the tools which facilitate desired change.
I offer practical, solution-focused goal-oriented psychotherapy aimed at timely symptom relief and problem resolution. My clients, being adults, determine their own therapy goals and agenda. My style is respectful, but interactive. I do not tell my clients what to do but I will always tell you honestly how I feel about the things that you present. I believe therapy should be time-limited and results-oriented, NOT a life-long continuous process. I believe that people can change, or else I would not be in this business. I delight in helping people master the tools which facilitate desired change.
(773) 506-4567 View (773) 506-4567
Photo of Molly Quinn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Molly Quinn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, born and raised in rural Illinois. I have been working in the mental health field for over 5 years. I have a passion for working with the LGBTQIA+ community.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, born and raised in rural Illinois. I have been working in the mental health field for over 5 years. I have a passion for working with the LGBTQIA+ community.
(224) 529-0168 View (224) 529-0168
Photo of Sarah Fletcher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Sarah Fletcher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60631  (Online Only)
My expertise is working with adults who need support in overcoming challenges that have become overwhelming to deal with on their own. I have been working in the field for over 13 years and during that time have worked in a variety of settings including residential, homeless shelters, jail, intensive outreach, therapy, and internationally. I've been blessed to work with people as they go through suffering to become at peace and able to accept themselves within the changes that can be made in their circumstances. I work from a strength-based approach that focuses on instilling hope and belief that change is possible.
My expertise is working with adults who need support in overcoming challenges that have become overwhelming to deal with on their own. I have been working in the field for over 13 years and during that time have worked in a variety of settings including residential, homeless shelters, jail, intensive outreach, therapy, and internationally. I've been blessed to work with people as they go through suffering to become at peace and able to accept themselves within the changes that can be made in their circumstances. I work from a strength-based approach that focuses on instilling hope and belief that change is possible.
(844) 623-6687 View (844) 623-6687
Photo of Constantine Trela, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Constantine Trela
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60642
Waitlist for new clients
The best therapeutic relationships walk the thin line between comfort/validation on one side and growth/critical reflection on the other. With all my patients I work to meet them were they're at in the moment and create a warm, welcoming, and non-judgmental space. I view my role in therapy as ultimately helping you to build the life you want to live. By necessity, that means no two people will have identical journeys. That said, my hope for all I work with is that through therapy you will experience a reduction of distress in the short-term and gain insight and the tools to feel you can effectively manage stressors in the long-term.
The best therapeutic relationships walk the thin line between comfort/validation on one side and growth/critical reflection on the other. With all my patients I work to meet them were they're at in the moment and create a warm, welcoming, and non-judgmental space. I view my role in therapy as ultimately helping you to build the life you want to live. By necessity, that means no two people will have identical journeys. That said, my hope for all I work with is that through therapy you will experience a reduction of distress in the short-term and gain insight and the tools to feel you can effectively manage stressors in the long-term.
(708) 616-1651 View (708) 616-1651
Photo of Greg Crisenbery, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Greg Crisenbery
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
Hi, I'm Dr. Greg. Helping clients cope with depression, anxiety, trauma, and relationship issues is the focus of my practice. I try to maintain a balanced approach using an individual blend of theory and insight, practical applications, and humor. This can include discussions of physical, emotional, mental, and metaphysical wellbeing. Anger, work stress, frustration, loss, trauma and life's unexpected complications can get in between us and a peaceful experience of living. Assisting people in overcoming these challenges is my life's work. Please reach out to someone if it seems your life is being directed by negative emotions.
Hi, I'm Dr. Greg. Helping clients cope with depression, anxiety, trauma, and relationship issues is the focus of my practice. I try to maintain a balanced approach using an individual blend of theory and insight, practical applications, and humor. This can include discussions of physical, emotional, mental, and metaphysical wellbeing. Anger, work stress, frustration, loss, trauma and life's unexpected complications can get in between us and a peaceful experience of living. Assisting people in overcoming these challenges is my life's work. Please reach out to someone if it seems your life is being directed by negative emotions.
(773) 417-0417 x3 View (773) 417-0417 x3
Photo of Jake Rose, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jake Rose
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60654  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience working with substance use, codependency, relationship issues, shame, grief/loss, and disordered eating. I am specifically passionate about working with adults in the LGBTQ+ community. I utilize a strengths-based, solution-focused perspective and offer therapeutic interventions with warmth, humor, and directness.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience working with substance use, codependency, relationship issues, shame, grief/loss, and disordered eating. I am specifically passionate about working with adults in the LGBTQ+ community. I utilize a strengths-based, solution-focused perspective and offer therapeutic interventions with warmth, humor, and directness.
(312) 262-5795 View (312) 262-5795
Photo of Lauren Smith, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Lauren Smith
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist, I strive to never take for granted the trust it requires to allow someone else to participate in the journey of healing. There are many reasons one might find themselves seeking a therapist, including the experience of anxiety, depression, painful memories, and relational difficulties, and no two individuals experiences any one of these in the same way. Each of us are uniquely influenced by past experiences and traumas, biology, and broader societal systems.
As a therapist, I strive to never take for granted the trust it requires to allow someone else to participate in the journey of healing. There are many reasons one might find themselves seeking a therapist, including the experience of anxiety, depression, painful memories, and relational difficulties, and no two individuals experiences any one of these in the same way. Each of us are uniquely influenced by past experiences and traumas, biology, and broader societal systems.
(504) 732-8103 View (504) 732-8103
Photo of Ramya Matam-Kannan, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Ramya Matam-Kannan
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Feeling stuck? Overwhelmed? Dealing with life transitions? Then I'm the therapist for you! I understand the importance of the therapy relationship and meet my clients with my genuine and authentic self. I strongly believe in "walking the walk" and would not assist or advise others to do anything that I have not done myself. I believe in empowering my clients and walking along side them during their healing journey.
Feeling stuck? Overwhelmed? Dealing with life transitions? Then I'm the therapist for you! I understand the importance of the therapy relationship and meet my clients with my genuine and authentic self. I strongly believe in "walking the walk" and would not assist or advise others to do anything that I have not done myself. I believe in empowering my clients and walking along side them during their healing journey.
(312) 561-4326 View (312) 561-4326
Photo of Cayla A Tepper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Cayla A Tepper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
The world can feel very uncertain, discordant, unjust, and sometimes unbearable; in my approach I aim to look with you both internally and externally to find moments of reflection, validation, empowerment, clarity, and care. I use a warm, relational approach to my work with clients. Most importantly I strive to uphold anti-racist, liberatory, and LGBTQIA+ affirming scaffolding in my practice and I am always learning more in this respect. Therapy should feel safe, empowering, collaborative, and be a place where communication is transparent.
The world can feel very uncertain, discordant, unjust, and sometimes unbearable; in my approach I aim to look with you both internally and externally to find moments of reflection, validation, empowerment, clarity, and care. I use a warm, relational approach to my work with clients. Most importantly I strive to uphold anti-racist, liberatory, and LGBTQIA+ affirming scaffolding in my practice and I am always learning more in this respect. Therapy should feel safe, empowering, collaborative, and be a place where communication is transparent.
(312) 465-5109 View (312) 465-5109
Photo of Susan Morlock, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Susan Morlock
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60654  (Online Only)
Life has its ups and downs, and at times we all feel stuck and not sure how to change but we know "something" has to change. I am here to help you! 85% of the time Depression and Anxiety co-exist. Depression takes away our motivation, energy and our ability to connect with others which only leads us to further sadness. Anxiety is ever present in our daily lives with thoughts of worry and over thinking everything. There is hope using cutting edge therapies such as Neuroscience, CBT, ACT, MCT, Polyvagel and EMDR. These techniques bring the science to therapy.
Life has its ups and downs, and at times we all feel stuck and not sure how to change but we know "something" has to change. I am here to help you! 85% of the time Depression and Anxiety co-exist. Depression takes away our motivation, energy and our ability to connect with others which only leads us to further sadness. Anxiety is ever present in our daily lives with thoughts of worry and over thinking everything. There is hope using cutting edge therapies such as Neuroscience, CBT, ACT, MCT, Polyvagel and EMDR. These techniques bring the science to therapy.
(773) 974-8780 View (773) 974-8780
Photo of Colie Smigliani, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Colie Smigliani
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
I believe that you are the expert of what it is like to be YOU. Because of this, I aim to understand and treat the whole individual, incorporating one’s mental health, physical health/somatic practices, sexuality, sleep habits, spirituality and more into my time with clients. For a star to be born there is one thing that must happen: a gaseous nebula must collapse. So collapse. Crumble. This is not your destruction, This is your birth.
I believe that you are the expert of what it is like to be YOU. Because of this, I aim to understand and treat the whole individual, incorporating one’s mental health, physical health/somatic practices, sexuality, sleep habits, spirituality and more into my time with clients. For a star to be born there is one thing that must happen: a gaseous nebula must collapse. So collapse. Crumble. This is not your destruction, This is your birth.
(872) 246-8632 View (872) 246-8632
Photo of Silvia Rosman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Silvia Rosman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
Therapy is a way of approaching those life challenges that sometimes appear overwhelming or confusing. By putting words to those feelings, you can begin to unravel patterns of behavior, relationship dynamics and decision making processes, thus allowing for meaningful change. Therapy takes place in a supportive, non-judgmental space where you are able to reflect on your concerns by exploring the thoughts and feelings you are experiencing. Treatment is based on your singular circumstances, utiliziing a psychodynamic, trauma informed approach.
Therapy is a way of approaching those life challenges that sometimes appear overwhelming or confusing. By putting words to those feelings, you can begin to unravel patterns of behavior, relationship dynamics and decision making processes, thus allowing for meaningful change. Therapy takes place in a supportive, non-judgmental space where you are able to reflect on your concerns by exploring the thoughts and feelings you are experiencing. Treatment is based on your singular circumstances, utiliziing a psychodynamic, trauma informed approach.
(773) 985-5733 View (773) 985-5733
Photo of Amanda Howard, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Amanda Howard
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
“As it turns out, the good place was in the bad place all along.” - Michael, The Good Place. I believe that we can make meaning out of suffering. My goal as a therapist is to provide you with a gentle space to connect with your emotions, change unhelpful patterns of behavior, and gain deeper insight into the thoughts and actions that impact your quality of life. As a queer-identified provider, I bring unique insight to the therapy room. I believe that mental health providers have a responsibility to enhance the accessibility of affirming and empathic care to all, and I carry this energy into my work.
“As it turns out, the good place was in the bad place all along.” - Michael, The Good Place. I believe that we can make meaning out of suffering. My goal as a therapist is to provide you with a gentle space to connect with your emotions, change unhelpful patterns of behavior, and gain deeper insight into the thoughts and actions that impact your quality of life. As a queer-identified provider, I bring unique insight to the therapy room. I believe that mental health providers have a responsibility to enhance the accessibility of affirming and empathic care to all, and I carry this energy into my work.
(773) 923-0568 View (773) 923-0568
Photo of Iva Andonovska, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Iva Andonovska
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60641  (Online Only)
I see each individual as unique and deserving of understanding, compassion, and respect. My approach is warm, empathetic, and non-judgmental, creating a space where you can feel heard, cared for, and accepted for who you are. In our sessions, I prioritize creating an environment where you feel safe to explore your thoughts and emotions. I believe that healing begins with feeling truly heard and understood. Counseling is a collaborative journey, and together, we'll work towards fostering self-love, self-acceptance, and personal growth.
I see each individual as unique and deserving of understanding, compassion, and respect. My approach is warm, empathetic, and non-judgmental, creating a space where you can feel heard, cared for, and accepted for who you are. In our sessions, I prioritize creating an environment where you feel safe to explore your thoughts and emotions. I believe that healing begins with feeling truly heard and understood. Counseling is a collaborative journey, and together, we'll work towards fostering self-love, self-acceptance, and personal growth.
(872) 274-2597 View (872) 274-2597

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
60% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.