Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Stephanie McCarty, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Stephanie McCarty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
I have worked in health and human services in different parts of California for the past 25 years. I have specifically worked with people who need support around housing and food insecurity, opioid use or dependency, as well as child welfare and grief or loss. I have a good understanding of social services and mental health resources in the San Francisco Bay Area, especially Contra Costa County. I have been providing virtual therapy since January 2021.
I have worked in health and human services in different parts of California for the past 25 years. I have specifically worked with people who need support around housing and food insecurity, opioid use or dependency, as well as child welfare and grief or loss. I have a good understanding of social services and mental health resources in the San Francisco Bay Area, especially Contra Costa County. I have been providing virtual therapy since January 2021.
(415) 801-0106 View (415) 801-0106
Galia Schechter
Psychologist, PsyD, MBA
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94703
I am grateful for the opportunities I have to know first hand our common humanity; our struggles and pain, our resilience and triumph through my personal and professional experiences. I am bi-cultural and have worked and traveled around the world. My exposure to and appreciation of human differences and similarities across cultures inspire my life and work. I am an experienced psychologist and I deeply and holistically understand complex psychological processes. I am here to skillfully, lovingly and affordably support your psychological growth and transformation and to help you reclaim joy and vitality.
I am grateful for the opportunities I have to know first hand our common humanity; our struggles and pain, our resilience and triumph through my personal and professional experiences. I am bi-cultural and have worked and traveled around the world. My exposure to and appreciation of human differences and similarities across cultures inspire my life and work. I am an experienced psychologist and I deeply and holistically understand complex psychological processes. I am here to skillfully, lovingly and affordably support your psychological growth and transformation and to help you reclaim joy and vitality.
(510) 969-6086 View (510) 969-6086
Photo of Catherine Pfister, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Catherine Pfister
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
I work with new parents, people experiencing infertility and post-partum mood and anxiety disorders and children, teens, and adults who are dealing with trauma, grief, and life transitions and are struggling with depression and anxiety. I have more than 20 years experience working with trauma, anxiety, depression, and grief in children, teens, and adults and additional training through Post-Partum Support International in post-partum mood anxiety disorders, loss, and lived experience with infertility. I provide individual therapy, family therapy, parenting consultations, and immigration evaluations. I work in English and Spanish.
I work with new parents, people experiencing infertility and post-partum mood and anxiety disorders and children, teens, and adults who are dealing with trauma, grief, and life transitions and are struggling with depression and anxiety. I have more than 20 years experience working with trauma, anxiety, depression, and grief in children, teens, and adults and additional training through Post-Partum Support International in post-partum mood anxiety disorders, loss, and lived experience with infertility. I provide individual therapy, family therapy, parenting consultations, and immigration evaluations. I work in English and Spanish.
(341) 444-3699 View (341) 444-3699
Photo of Dymetria Sellers, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Dymetria Sellers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Registered Art Therapist in the State of California with over 7 years of working experience. As a therapist, I enjoy utilizing a combination of psychodynamic and narrative theories, which I pair with CBT and mindfulness interventions to help develop coping strategies. I believe that perspectives can be greatly shaped by the stories we tell ourselves and enjoy assisting clients in altering negative beliefs into more positive thoughts and behaviors, shifting them into realities that better suit their current needs.
Hello! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Registered Art Therapist in the State of California with over 7 years of working experience. As a therapist, I enjoy utilizing a combination of psychodynamic and narrative theories, which I pair with CBT and mindfulness interventions to help develop coping strategies. I believe that perspectives can be greatly shaped by the stories we tell ourselves and enjoy assisting clients in altering negative beliefs into more positive thoughts and behaviors, shifting them into realities that better suit their current needs.
(626) 869-2995 View (626) 869-2995
Photo of Barbara Hooks, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Barbara Hooks
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
I believe that therapy can be a catalyst not only for insight, but also for transformation. Life can be challenging, and at times, despite our best efforts we can feel stuck or lost. I strive to provide a calm and compassionate space where you can get in touch with what matters most to you, and use that as a guide to making changes in your life. I offer specific strategies and tools to help you change your relationship to difficult thoughts and feelings, and work collaboratively with you to take steps toward a life that is full of vitality and personal fulfillment. My style is warm and genuine, interactive, and culturally-sensitive.
I believe that therapy can be a catalyst not only for insight, but also for transformation. Life can be challenging, and at times, despite our best efforts we can feel stuck or lost. I strive to provide a calm and compassionate space where you can get in touch with what matters most to you, and use that as a guide to making changes in your life. I offer specific strategies and tools to help you change your relationship to difficult thoughts and feelings, and work collaboratively with you to take steps toward a life that is full of vitality and personal fulfillment. My style is warm and genuine, interactive, and culturally-sensitive.
(530) 250-4129 View (530) 250-4129
Photo of Dr. Raquel Henry, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Dr. Raquel Henry
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709  (Online Only)
I am dedicated to providing a safe place where we can work through your experiences together. I understand that it is a privilege to bear witness to your vulnerability, so I will support you with compassion and a strengths-based approach. You are the expert in your life and my goal is to listen and help you identify the patterns or behaviors you have developed throughout your life that no longer serve you.
I am dedicated to providing a safe place where we can work through your experiences together. I understand that it is a privilege to bear witness to your vulnerability, so I will support you with compassion and a strengths-based approach. You are the expert in your life and my goal is to listen and help you identify the patterns or behaviors you have developed throughout your life that no longer serve you.
(341) 888-6442 View (341) 888-6442
Photo of Nancy Jackson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Nancy Jackson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
Authentic change happens from the inside out. It can't be veneered onto one's surface. Painful life experiences create a complex web inside that shapes a person's world. This web can limit one's ability to find joy and meaning in life. Psychotherapy offers a way to access deep emotional experience. As therapy proceeds connections will start to appear between past & current life experience. Problematic internal patterns will become visible and open to reevaluation and change. As internal stress decreases, clarity, joy and meaning will have the chance to emerge.
Authentic change happens from the inside out. It can't be veneered onto one's surface. Painful life experiences create a complex web inside that shapes a person's world. This web can limit one's ability to find joy and meaning in life. Psychotherapy offers a way to access deep emotional experience. As therapy proceeds connections will start to appear between past & current life experience. Problematic internal patterns will become visible and open to reevaluation and change. As internal stress decreases, clarity, joy and meaning will have the chance to emerge.
(925) 965-7599 View (925) 965-7599
Photo of Tim Holtzman, Counselor in Berkeley, CA
Tim Holtzman
Counselor, LPCC, MS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Have you previously undergone therapy, but didn’t achieve the results you wanted? Are you a pragmatic person who values a therapeutic approach that establishes well-defined objectives and delivers tangible outcomes? Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapy is a potent form of therapy that empowers you the client to directly transform emotions and behaviors that no longer serve you. The greatest advantage of IFS therapy is its establishment of clear, measurable goals right from the start. Which allows you to observe the progress you make.
Have you previously undergone therapy, but didn’t achieve the results you wanted? Are you a pragmatic person who values a therapeutic approach that establishes well-defined objectives and delivers tangible outcomes? Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapy is a potent form of therapy that empowers you the client to directly transform emotions and behaviors that no longer serve you. The greatest advantage of IFS therapy is its establishment of clear, measurable goals right from the start. Which allows you to observe the progress you make.
(510) 851-8367 View (510) 851-8367
Photo of Dennis Thatcher, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Dennis Thatcher
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Are you having conflicts in a current relationship and not feeling supported or loved by your partner? Or have you recently lost a relationship and are going through painful feelings of grief or loss? I help individuals (not couples) process these feelings to better understand what is happening, become more aware of patterns you may have and how to improve your current or future relationships. I emphasize creating a safe environment to share your thoughts and feelings and encourage feedback to meet your individual needs.
Are you having conflicts in a current relationship and not feeling supported or loved by your partner? Or have you recently lost a relationship and are going through painful feelings of grief or loss? I help individuals (not couples) process these feelings to better understand what is happening, become more aware of patterns you may have and how to improve your current or future relationships. I emphasize creating a safe environment to share your thoughts and feelings and encourage feedback to meet your individual needs.
(415) 742-1982 View (415) 742-1982
Photo of Megan MacMillan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Megan MacMillan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
I've been a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist since 1994. I work with adults who are facing a variety of challenges. As a therapist, I see my role as a helper in the process of exploring and expanding self awareness. This is necessary to increase one's range of choices in life that are more aligned with one's values and dreams. My work is informed by each client's personal history and culture; mindfulness techniques; and contemporary psychodynamic and relational theories. I work with adult individuals age 18 and older.
I've been a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist since 1994. I work with adults who are facing a variety of challenges. As a therapist, I see my role as a helper in the process of exploring and expanding self awareness. This is necessary to increase one's range of choices in life that are more aligned with one's values and dreams. My work is informed by each client's personal history and culture; mindfulness techniques; and contemporary psychodynamic and relational theories. I work with adult individuals age 18 and older.
(510) 289-8930 View (510) 289-8930
Photo of Arthur Kleinberg, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Arthur Kleinberg
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
You are stressed. You can cope with a lot but you might also find yourself avoiding, numbing, distracting, or shutting down. You might be facing a crisis of identity. You might be overwhelmed with work or kids, or you might be at a trouble spot in your relationship. You might have faced trauma or abuse, that cloud your everyday behavior. You might be struggling to live your choices free of needless suffering. You might be in the middle of navigating a complicated transition. You need some help to talk through your feelings about these experiences.
You are stressed. You can cope with a lot but you might also find yourself avoiding, numbing, distracting, or shutting down. You might be facing a crisis of identity. You might be overwhelmed with work or kids, or you might be at a trouble spot in your relationship. You might have faced trauma or abuse, that cloud your everyday behavior. You might be struggling to live your choices free of needless suffering. You might be in the middle of navigating a complicated transition. You need some help to talk through your feelings about these experiences.
(510) 876-4230 View (510) 876-4230
Photo of Dr. Fernando Castrillon, Licensed Psychologist, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Dr. Fernando Castrillon, Licensed Psychologist
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709
Waitlist for new clients
As a psychoanalyst and clinical psychologist, I work with a variety of issues ranging from depression, sadness and anxiety to more severe issues such as schizophrenia and personality disorders. I work best with those clients who are interested in making lasting changes in their inner lives and circumstances. In my practice, I provide you with a place to speak freely, so that through this singular experience of speaking you can articulate your desire and assume responsibility for your life.
As a psychoanalyst and clinical psychologist, I work with a variety of issues ranging from depression, sadness and anxiety to more severe issues such as schizophrenia and personality disorders. I work best with those clients who are interested in making lasting changes in their inner lives and circumstances. In my practice, I provide you with a place to speak freely, so that through this singular experience of speaking you can articulate your desire and assume responsibility for your life.
(510) 228-4075 View (510) 228-4075
Photo of Emily Tran, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Emily Tran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am passionate about supporting adults who are suffering from despair, shame, guilt or complicated traumas and are ready to break free from unhealthy generational cycles of suffering. Are you ready to dive deep within yourself to uncover the pain, bring light to your darkest parts and harmonize the most destabilizing aspects of yourself?
I am passionate about supporting adults who are suffering from despair, shame, guilt or complicated traumas and are ready to break free from unhealthy generational cycles of suffering. Are you ready to dive deep within yourself to uncover the pain, bring light to your darkest parts and harmonize the most destabilizing aspects of yourself?
(341) 999-5646 View (341) 999-5646
Photo of Leryn Messori, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Leryn Messori
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
Sometimes in life, depression and anxiety can feel like they are limiting your options and moving you away from your values. This can create feelings of misdirection and occasional coping in ways that are temporarily helpful but ultimately hurtful. Or it can lead you to unhappy relationships. You may struggle to stop these patterns, even though you know these are not the directions you want your life to go. Maybe you are trying to figure out who you are, trying on different personas and hoping that one will feel right.
Sometimes in life, depression and anxiety can feel like they are limiting your options and moving you away from your values. This can create feelings of misdirection and occasional coping in ways that are temporarily helpful but ultimately hurtful. Or it can lead you to unhappy relationships. You may struggle to stop these patterns, even though you know these are not the directions you want your life to go. Maybe you are trying to figure out who you are, trying on different personas and hoping that one will feel right.
(510) 916-2670 View (510) 916-2670
Photo of Lee Townsend, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Lee Townsend
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, he/him
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
I provide culturally sensitive, empirically validated psychotherapy services to individuals, couples and families, ranging from adolescents to seniors. I am committed to the therapeutic process as a collaborative journey and consider it a great privilege to be entrusted with my clients' most deeply-held thoughts and feelings. I am actively engaged with those who are grappling with issues of anxiety, depression, bereavement, relationship problems, life transitions, trauma, interpersonal difficulties and creative blocks, addressing my client's concerns in a humanistic and holistic manner that transcends preoccupation with pathology to work toward a life of deep meaning, creativity and interpersonal fulfillment.
I provide culturally sensitive, empirically validated psychotherapy services to individuals, couples and families, ranging from adolescents to seniors. I am committed to the therapeutic process as a collaborative journey and consider it a great privilege to be entrusted with my clients' most deeply-held thoughts and feelings. I am actively engaged with those who are grappling with issues of anxiety, depression, bereavement, relationship problems, life transitions, trauma, interpersonal difficulties and creative blocks, addressing my client's concerns in a humanistic and holistic manner that transcends preoccupation with pathology to work toward a life of deep meaning, creativity and interpersonal fulfillment.
(510) 684-9930 View (510) 684-9930
Photo of Zoe Machado, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Zoe Machado
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
My approach aims to celebrate and encourage open exploration of the self while identifying achievable, concrete goals. The essence of my work is informed by DBT philosophies of balancing acceptance and change in order to build a life more worth living. I believe in the therapeutic relationship being the grounding force for healing and work very collaboratively with my clients to find that anchor. I have worked in a wide range of settings (community mental health, residential, private practice) and use these varying experiences to tailor treatment needs to the client.
My approach aims to celebrate and encourage open exploration of the self while identifying achievable, concrete goals. The essence of my work is informed by DBT philosophies of balancing acceptance and change in order to build a life more worth living. I believe in the therapeutic relationship being the grounding force for healing and work very collaboratively with my clients to find that anchor. I have worked in a wide range of settings (community mental health, residential, private practice) and use these varying experiences to tailor treatment needs to the client.
(650) 750-0618 View (650) 750-0618
Photo of Alison Alderdice, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Alison Alderdice
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94710
You might come to me exhausted, frustrated, and seeking a new way to experience your life. My approach is active and collaborative: I trust your knowledge of yourself and offer my insights, skills, and training to help you achieve lasting change and healing. Together, we identify ways to align your routines, relationships, and environments with your long-term goals and values. We turn avoidance into action and find acceptance through mindfulness, wisdom, and compassion. My approach is warm, nonjudgmental, and genuine. I am passionate about helping people reduce their suffering and build lives they find meaningful and fulfilling.
You might come to me exhausted, frustrated, and seeking a new way to experience your life. My approach is active and collaborative: I trust your knowledge of yourself and offer my insights, skills, and training to help you achieve lasting change and healing. Together, we identify ways to align your routines, relationships, and environments with your long-term goals and values. We turn avoidance into action and find acceptance through mindfulness, wisdom, and compassion. My approach is warm, nonjudgmental, and genuine. I am passionate about helping people reduce their suffering and build lives they find meaningful and fulfilling.
(510) 880-1563 View (510) 880-1563
Photo of Eike Daube, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Eike Daube
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Dedicated to working with athletes and high achievers, my mission is to align with you on your path, actively collaborate on goals, and establish a foundation of trust. I provide unwavering support for your journey toward your highest self, free from judgment. I blend intuition with clinical expertise for personalized treatment, encouraging you to define your healing path. My passion lies in collaboratively facilitating your liberation from the constraints of past experiences or current challenges. As a diversity advocate, I am LGBTQ+ and Trans Ally, offering first-generation support and trauma treatment expertise.
Dedicated to working with athletes and high achievers, my mission is to align with you on your path, actively collaborate on goals, and establish a foundation of trust. I provide unwavering support for your journey toward your highest self, free from judgment. I blend intuition with clinical expertise for personalized treatment, encouraging you to define your healing path. My passion lies in collaboratively facilitating your liberation from the constraints of past experiences or current challenges. As a diversity advocate, I am LGBTQ+ and Trans Ally, offering first-generation support and trauma treatment expertise.
(341) 888-6382 View (341) 888-6382
Photo of Shara Kaufman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Shara Kaufman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
Hope is the driving force that brings many people to therapy. Though symptoms of anxiety and depression, including hopelessness, may be the reasons one decides to begin treatment, I believe hope for a better way forward is the underlying principle. I work with adults struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, life transitions, grief and loss - essentially the challenges of being human.
Hope is the driving force that brings many people to therapy. Though symptoms of anxiety and depression, including hopelessness, may be the reasons one decides to begin treatment, I believe hope for a better way forward is the underlying principle. I work with adults struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, life transitions, grief and loss - essentially the challenges of being human.
(510) 916-3770 View (510) 916-3770
Photo of Kelley Bryan Gin, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Kelley Bryan Gin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Not accepting new clients
My practice focus includes treating children, teens, and families as well as adult individuals facing complicated emotional and behavioral conditions. How I work depends upon the circumstances bringing you to a psychotherapist as different problems and situations need different approaches. Every therapy is unique even if there are preferred methods and practices for treating anxiety, depression, and others.
My practice focus includes treating children, teens, and families as well as adult individuals facing complicated emotional and behavioral conditions. How I work depends upon the circumstances bringing you to a psychotherapist as different problems and situations need different approaches. Every therapy is unique even if there are preferred methods and practices for treating anxiety, depression, and others.
(510) 403-1450 View (510) 403-1450

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
39% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.