Therapists in San Francisco, CA

View neighborhoods in San Francisco
Photo of Spark All Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Spark All Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
It’s ok to not be ok. As moms, we want nothing more than to keep our children safe and raise them to be fulfilled and happy. When unexpected trauma occurs, it upsets the life we had envisioned for them, and brings fear, uncertainty, and other big emotions that no child should have to handle - and no parent could be prepared to handle. We can't change what happened, but we can walk with you and your child to make sure you aren't navigating the process alone.
It’s ok to not be ok. As moms, we want nothing more than to keep our children safe and raise them to be fulfilled and happy. When unexpected trauma occurs, it upsets the life we had envisioned for them, and brings fear, uncertainty, and other big emotions that no child should have to handle - and no parent could be prepared to handle. We can't change what happened, but we can walk with you and your child to make sure you aren't navigating the process alone.
(831) 264-1323 View (831) 264-1323
Photo of Sylvia Khromina, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Sylvia Khromina
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I love helping adults who are ready to make a change and want to address: trauma, relationship difficulties, issues with food and body image, chronic stress, anxiety, panic, or depression through building tangible tools and mindfulness-based skills. I welcome clients of diverse backgrounds and seek to provide respectful and culturally sensitive services to all. As an immigrant myself, I have a special appreciation for the experience of first and second generation immigrants. My approach draws from mindfulness, body-oriented interventions, parts work, evidence-based modalities, advances in neuroscience, and attachment research.
I love helping adults who are ready to make a change and want to address: trauma, relationship difficulties, issues with food and body image, chronic stress, anxiety, panic, or depression through building tangible tools and mindfulness-based skills. I welcome clients of diverse backgrounds and seek to provide respectful and culturally sensitive services to all. As an immigrant myself, I have a special appreciation for the experience of first and second generation immigrants. My approach draws from mindfulness, body-oriented interventions, parts work, evidence-based modalities, advances in neuroscience, and attachment research.
(415) 463-1536 View (415) 463-1536
Photo of David Albright, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
David Albright
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Counselor and Therapist for Men: Gay, Straight, or Bi. Feeling stuck, depressed, isolated, or anxious? Escaping via porn or addictions? We live in a complicated world, a world where we often need a guide and trusted advisor to help us. I help men discover where they fit in the world, how to find love and acceptance from self and other, how to navigate life challenges, and how to find greater meaning and happiness in life. My work is one of my greatest passions and I have many success stories.
Counselor and Therapist for Men: Gay, Straight, or Bi. Feeling stuck, depressed, isolated, or anxious? Escaping via porn or addictions? We live in a complicated world, a world where we often need a guide and trusted advisor to help us. I help men discover where they fit in the world, how to find love and acceptance from self and other, how to navigate life challenges, and how to find greater meaning and happiness in life. My work is one of my greatest passions and I have many success stories.
(415) 969-2920 View (415) 969-2920
Photo of Linda Michels, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Linda Michels
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I think you know what would make you happy but don't know how to make it happen. This applies to both individuals and couples. People stop themselves from moving forward because they think they can't or don't deserve to get their own needs met. I can help you overcome blocks, fears, guilt, depression, and/or self-defeating behaviors so you can free yourself to be happy and more successful. It seems daunting but, with support and direction, it is possible to improve your life. This is even true for people who are suffering from more debilitating problems such as Bipolar Disorder, OCD,or Schizoaffective Disorders.
I think you know what would make you happy but don't know how to make it happen. This applies to both individuals and couples. People stop themselves from moving forward because they think they can't or don't deserve to get their own needs met. I can help you overcome blocks, fears, guilt, depression, and/or self-defeating behaviors so you can free yourself to be happy and more successful. It seems daunting but, with support and direction, it is possible to improve your life. This is even true for people who are suffering from more debilitating problems such as Bipolar Disorder, OCD,or Schizoaffective Disorders.
(415) 800-3916 View (415) 800-3916
Photo of Pearl B Werfel, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Pearl B Werfel
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
Even the most capable and intelligent person will sometimes need help. My clients include professionals, supervisors, executives, and healthcare providers who seek to better manage the stressors of their professional and personal lives. I create a safe and comfortable environment where you can learn how to decrease stress and anxiety, sleep better, reduce or eliminate pain, live well with chronic illness, resolve past trauma and stop self-limiting behaviors. My over 25 years of experience and training enables me to tailor therapeutic interventions to your needs.
Even the most capable and intelligent person will sometimes need help. My clients include professionals, supervisors, executives, and healthcare providers who seek to better manage the stressors of their professional and personal lives. I create a safe and comfortable environment where you can learn how to decrease stress and anxiety, sleep better, reduce or eliminate pain, live well with chronic illness, resolve past trauma and stop self-limiting behaviors. My over 25 years of experience and training enables me to tailor therapeutic interventions to your needs.
(510) 665-5802 View (510) 665-5802
Photo of Liz Vines, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Liz Vines
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
Immediate openings for online therapy. I specialize in complex trauma, phobias/anxiety, and chronic illness for adults and teens. Many of my clients are recovering from developmental trauma, learning to soothe overactive nervous systems, and hoping to identify and express their needs in a new way. My work is depth oriented, empowering, feminist, compassion focused, and client-centered. I work well with artists and creative types, perfectionists, high achievers, those who identify as highly sensitive, and those who suffer from chronic illness.
Immediate openings for online therapy. I specialize in complex trauma, phobias/anxiety, and chronic illness for adults and teens. Many of my clients are recovering from developmental trauma, learning to soothe overactive nervous systems, and hoping to identify and express their needs in a new way. My work is depth oriented, empowering, feminist, compassion focused, and client-centered. I work well with artists and creative types, perfectionists, high achievers, those who identify as highly sensitive, and those who suffer from chronic illness.
(949) 749-7169 View (949) 749-7169
Photo of Cosmin I Gheorghe, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Cosmin I Gheorghe
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I have 20+ years experience assisting clients to overcome issues related to Anxiety, Mid-Life Crisis, Burnout, Anger, Depression, Addictive/Compulsive Behavior. My clients say they appreciate my "genuine, therapuetic connection", my "warm, grounded, interactive therapy sessions"; my "solid multi-cultural competency". I am not the kind of therapist that sits and nods. I actively work with you to explore what is hapening and identify the best possible solutions. Finding the right therapist is tricky. This is why I am happy to talk with you on the phone before we decide to work together.
I have 20+ years experience assisting clients to overcome issues related to Anxiety, Mid-Life Crisis, Burnout, Anger, Depression, Addictive/Compulsive Behavior. My clients say they appreciate my "genuine, therapuetic connection", my "warm, grounded, interactive therapy sessions"; my "solid multi-cultural competency". I am not the kind of therapist that sits and nods. I actively work with you to explore what is hapening and identify the best possible solutions. Finding the right therapist is tricky. This is why I am happy to talk with you on the phone before we decide to work together.
(415) 323-3058 View (415) 323-3058
Photo of Brenda Renee Cordova, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Brenda Renee Cordova
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
When distressing circumstances occur, they scramble the experiences and relationships we’ve worked hard for. I offer support to people in difficult and challenging life circumstances. Organizing those experiences, making sense of them, and the relationships surrounding them, whether it be relationships with others, or the relationship we have with ourselves. This work helps us better prepare for, and make healthier and more meaningful choices in life. Traumatic experiences further impact our relationship with others, ourselves and our life goals. I offer EMDR in order to reprocess traumatic events that may be impacting your life.
When distressing circumstances occur, they scramble the experiences and relationships we’ve worked hard for. I offer support to people in difficult and challenging life circumstances. Organizing those experiences, making sense of them, and the relationships surrounding them, whether it be relationships with others, or the relationship we have with ourselves. This work helps us better prepare for, and make healthier and more meaningful choices in life. Traumatic experiences further impact our relationship with others, ourselves and our life goals. I offer EMDR in order to reprocess traumatic events that may be impacting your life.
(628) 203-1333 View (628) 203-1333
Photo of Aaron Chavez Martin, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Aaron Chavez Martin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94116  (Online Only)
I’m a Queer, mixed-race therapist committed to helping other Queer folks learn how to better manage their worry by riding the waves of our emotions, and softening the language we use to describe ourselves. My work focuses on targeting unhelpful thought patterns we convince ourselves to be true, and mute that harsh inner critic. I firmly believe that you are the expert in your own life, which means we will work together to help you reach your goals.
I’m a Queer, mixed-race therapist committed to helping other Queer folks learn how to better manage their worry by riding the waves of our emotions, and softening the language we use to describe ourselves. My work focuses on targeting unhelpful thought patterns we convince ourselves to be true, and mute that harsh inner critic. I firmly believe that you are the expert in your own life, which means we will work together to help you reach your goals.
(415) 968-4296 View (415) 968-4296
Photo of Howard Sugarman, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Howard Sugarman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I bring 40 plus years of assorted, diverse and complex Clinical Experience to the care of my patients. I offer Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy providing Individual, Couple & Family Treatments. MFT License 17611 - May 1982; Certified as a Psychoanalyst by The International Psychoanalytical Association. Working in conjunction with each person that comes to me, I strive to formulate a treatment which is responsive and that creates the conditions to most deeply address their personal concerns.
I bring 40 plus years of assorted, diverse and complex Clinical Experience to the care of my patients. I offer Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy providing Individual, Couple & Family Treatments. MFT License 17611 - May 1982; Certified as a Psychoanalyst by The International Psychoanalytical Association. Working in conjunction with each person that comes to me, I strive to formulate a treatment which is responsive and that creates the conditions to most deeply address their personal concerns.
(415) 766-9178 View (415) 766-9178
Photo of Ann Tran, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Ann Tran
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
I am glad you are here! I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in working with individuals and couples. I aim to help you get unstuck and enliven the direction you want to go with compassion, humor, and my clinical experience that spans over a decade. I enjoy working with a wide variety of clients, including first-generation, LGBTQ+, or those lacking a sense of belonging at times. I work from a social justice framework to help clients dismantle internalized systems of oppression in order to live meaningfully, despite us having to exist in these realities.
I am glad you are here! I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in working with individuals and couples. I aim to help you get unstuck and enliven the direction you want to go with compassion, humor, and my clinical experience that spans over a decade. I enjoy working with a wide variety of clients, including first-generation, LGBTQ+, or those lacking a sense of belonging at times. I work from a social justice framework to help clients dismantle internalized systems of oppression in order to live meaningfully, despite us having to exist in these realities.
(415) 862-8303 View (415) 862-8303
Photo of Melinda Joyner, Associate Clinical Social Worker in San Francisco, CA
Melinda Joyner
Associate Clinical Social Worker
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
I am a therapist that will invest in you. I am a licensed Master's level Social Worker that has worked in multiple states. I have worked with various populations that include victims of Domestic Violence and Rape Crisis. I have worked with teens and young adults suffering from Depression and Anxiety. I have helped new and older parents find balance. I'm experienced in working with Sex workers. I provided therapeutic services for individuals with HIV/AIDS and other STI's. I will listen to you and help you to achieve the best possible outcome for your situation. With commitment anything is possible
I am a therapist that will invest in you. I am a licensed Master's level Social Worker that has worked in multiple states. I have worked with various populations that include victims of Domestic Violence and Rape Crisis. I have worked with teens and young adults suffering from Depression and Anxiety. I have helped new and older parents find balance. I'm experienced in working with Sex workers. I provided therapeutic services for individuals with HIV/AIDS and other STI's. I will listen to you and help you to achieve the best possible outcome for your situation. With commitment anything is possible
(415) 862-3477 View (415) 862-3477
Photo of Alexandria Adeosun Psychotherapy , Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Alexandria Adeosun Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
Hi! I specialize in treating individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, and relationship issues. Additionally, I work with couples and families who are experiencing conflict.
Hi! I specialize in treating individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, and relationship issues. Additionally, I work with couples and families who are experiencing conflict.
(415) 841-2263 View (415) 841-2263
Photo of Jamie Salas, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jamie Salas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSc, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
Ever feel trapped in a whirlwind of "what-ifs" and "should's," spiraling in doubt, uncertainty, and overwhelm? I've been there too, and I totally get it! We're constantly juggling busy schedules, limited resources, and high expectations, life can feel like a daunting maze without a map, trying to sort out how to navigate our thoughts, feelings, and actions. I believe everyone is doing their best to cope with what they have, seeking a space to strengthen their inner resilience and develop skills that match their values and goals. Let's journey together towards empowerment and growth!
Ever feel trapped in a whirlwind of "what-ifs" and "should's," spiraling in doubt, uncertainty, and overwhelm? I've been there too, and I totally get it! We're constantly juggling busy schedules, limited resources, and high expectations, life can feel like a daunting maze without a map, trying to sort out how to navigate our thoughts, feelings, and actions. I believe everyone is doing their best to cope with what they have, seeking a space to strengthen their inner resilience and develop skills that match their values and goals. Let's journey together towards empowerment and growth!
(510) 871-8590 View (510) 871-8590
Photo of Lydia R Adkins, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lydia R Adkins
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94107
Children and families today are facing unprecedented stressors and complexities that can lead to conflict, anxiety and depression. However, timely responsive intervention can build resilience; enhance family wellbeing; and support healthy development. I work with children from birth through adolescence both individually or within their caregiving relationships to recognize inherent strengths and to develop new skills needed to cope with challenges when they arise . I also provide family therapy, parent consultation and support, and consultation to schools.
Children and families today are facing unprecedented stressors and complexities that can lead to conflict, anxiety and depression. However, timely responsive intervention can build resilience; enhance family wellbeing; and support healthy development. I work with children from birth through adolescence both individually or within their caregiving relationships to recognize inherent strengths and to develop new skills needed to cope with challenges when they arise . I also provide family therapy, parent consultation and support, and consultation to schools.
(415) 449-2813 View (415) 449-2813
Photo of Marilyn R Margiotti, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Marilyn R Margiotti
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I truly enjoy helping people move from a depressed, anxious or troubled state of mind to one where goals are set and achieved, relationships are thriving, and one is engaged in life like never before. I love to help people understand why they are struggling or stuck in unhealthy patterns, and how to use that knowledge, along with their thoughts and feelings, to guide them to change for the better.
I truly enjoy helping people move from a depressed, anxious or troubled state of mind to one where goals are set and achieved, relationships are thriving, and one is engaged in life like never before. I love to help people understand why they are struggling or stuck in unhealthy patterns, and how to use that knowledge, along with their thoughts and feelings, to guide them to change for the better.
(415) 236-3069 View (415) 236-3069
Photo of Lisa Goldwyn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lisa Goldwyn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Welcome. If you are seeking relief from anxiety, depression, thoughts of regret, the effects of Traumatic life events, or are on a Spiritual journey to live life from the place of your True Self, I am committed to helping you get there. I am a warm and compassionate clinician, dedicated to creating a therapeutic relationship where you can build on your strengths and overcome barriers. Whether you've experienced or witnessed abuse, neglect, violence, grief, natural or man-made disasters, major life changes, or more, we can work toward healing and reaching peak performance.
Welcome. If you are seeking relief from anxiety, depression, thoughts of regret, the effects of Traumatic life events, or are on a Spiritual journey to live life from the place of your True Self, I am committed to helping you get there. I am a warm and compassionate clinician, dedicated to creating a therapeutic relationship where you can build on your strengths and overcome barriers. Whether you've experienced or witnessed abuse, neglect, violence, grief, natural or man-made disasters, major life changes, or more, we can work toward healing and reaching peak performance.
(530) 395-2205 View (530) 395-2205
Photo of Joe Zarate-Sanderlin, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Joe Zarate-Sanderlin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
Is your communication suffering? Think about it for a moment. Are you communicating well with others? With yourself? What happens when communication is: Misunderstood Misguided Missing? Successful relationships require effort, though they need not be difficult. Stress, anger, anxiety, and depression can affect your satisfaction. If you improve your communication with yourself and others, then you have a better chance at more satisfying relationships. And that is where I can help. I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and more than couples to improve communication and deepen their relationships.
Is your communication suffering? Think about it for a moment. Are you communicating well with others? With yourself? What happens when communication is: Misunderstood Misguided Missing? Successful relationships require effort, though they need not be difficult. Stress, anger, anxiety, and depression can affect your satisfaction. If you improve your communication with yourself and others, then you have a better chance at more satisfying relationships. And that is where I can help. I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and more than couples to improve communication and deepen their relationships.
(415) 539-0171 View (415) 539-0171
Photo of Joslyn Baxter, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Joslyn Baxter
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
When we are able to maintain stability, we trust ourself and others. However it can be difficult to feel this, as we carry barriers that stand in the way. A lack of safety, overwhelm, and lasting effects of a painful past often leave us feeling misunderstood, fearful, unsure, and in pain. But, it is possible to discover the reasons behind such feelings, and how past and present day experiences are complicating life, causing confusion and pain, and holding us back. Together we will explore, gain understanding, and develop trust.
When we are able to maintain stability, we trust ourself and others. However it can be difficult to feel this, as we carry barriers that stand in the way. A lack of safety, overwhelm, and lasting effects of a painful past often leave us feeling misunderstood, fearful, unsure, and in pain. But, it is possible to discover the reasons behind such feelings, and how past and present day experiences are complicating life, causing confusion and pain, and holding us back. Together we will explore, gain understanding, and develop trust.
(415) 625-9801 View (415) 625-9801
Photo of Megan Brubaker, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Megan Brubaker
Marriage & Family Therapist, AMFT, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
Life is tough and seeking help at any point helps you become the hero of your story. One of the most amazing things I witness are people who want to bring positive changes into their lives and are willing to set aside time to work on themselves their growth as individuals, couples and families.
Life is tough and seeking help at any point helps you become the hero of your story. One of the most amazing things I witness are people who want to bring positive changes into their lives and are willing to set aside time to work on themselves their growth as individuals, couples and families.
(415) 364-8167 View (415) 364-8167

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.