Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Shoshana Trager, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shoshana Trager
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Sometimes we come to therapy because we are experiencing something specific and other times something just feels off. Any time is a good time (I know I have to say that, but I really believe it). I also believe that our experiences occur within the impact of systems (relationships, work, family, communities, school, society etc.). The more we uncover our understanding of how these systems interact, the better we understand our world and ourselves. This helps us disrupt patterns and deepen groundedness and joy. Clients tell me that our work together helps them see themselves more fully and therefore see others more fully.
Sometimes we come to therapy because we are experiencing something specific and other times something just feels off. Any time is a good time (I know I have to say that, but I really believe it). I also believe that our experiences occur within the impact of systems (relationships, work, family, communities, school, society etc.). The more we uncover our understanding of how these systems interact, the better we understand our world and ourselves. This helps us disrupt patterns and deepen groundedness and joy. Clients tell me that our work together helps them see themselves more fully and therefore see others more fully.
(484) 989-6954 x704 View (484) 989-6954 x704
Photo of Colleen Contrisciane, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Colleen Contrisciane
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
If you're looking for real, I have you covered! Congratulations on taking the brave dive into therapy and improving your life. I am excited about helping you reach your goals. My identity as a therapist is very much grounded in the many years I spent in education. I often see myself as an educator when working with clients, and I believe that helping you learn concrete skills and tools in therapy are at the core of what you need to heal and take good care of yourself. When you leave each session with me, you can expect to have a take away tool that you can start using immediately to positively impact your mental health.
If you're looking for real, I have you covered! Congratulations on taking the brave dive into therapy and improving your life. I am excited about helping you reach your goals. My identity as a therapist is very much grounded in the many years I spent in education. I often see myself as an educator when working with clients, and I believe that helping you learn concrete skills and tools in therapy are at the core of what you need to heal and take good care of yourself. When you leave each session with me, you can expect to have a take away tool that you can start using immediately to positively impact your mental health.
(484) 749-8103 View (484) 749-8103
Photo of Aleema Haynesworth, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Aleema Haynesworth
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hello! I'm Aleema. Are you tired of pouring from an empty cup? Are you struggling to find balance? Do you constantly give so much of yourself to others, and are ready to make your healing journey a priority? Well you've come to the right place! I have an extreme passion for assisting people with finding their ultimate sense of health and well-being. I truly believe that no change happens in isolation.
Hello! I'm Aleema. Are you tired of pouring from an empty cup? Are you struggling to find balance? Do you constantly give so much of yourself to others, and are ready to make your healing journey a priority? Well you've come to the right place! I have an extreme passion for assisting people with finding their ultimate sense of health and well-being. I truly believe that no change happens in isolation.
(484) 806-9497 View (484) 806-9497
Photo of JoAnne Hanson - New Beginnings Holistic Therapies, Inc, MS, LMFT
New Beginnings Holistic Therapies, Inc
MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19125
Are you struggling to find peace? Do you feel destined for more? I believe that each of us is born with a life purpose and when we are not in alignment with that energy we can feel stuck, anxious, overwhelmed, uncertain, and even depressed. Together, we will explore the past, examine the present, and manifest a future that you’ve always desired. A few simple shifts in your awareness is often all that is needed to change your perception and heal the parts of your life that you are presently struggling with. I will help you obtain clarity, find peace and balance, and discover or awaken parts of yourself that have yet to be explored.
Are you struggling to find peace? Do you feel destined for more? I believe that each of us is born with a life purpose and when we are not in alignment with that energy we can feel stuck, anxious, overwhelmed, uncertain, and even depressed. Together, we will explore the past, examine the present, and manifest a future that you’ve always desired. A few simple shifts in your awareness is often all that is needed to change your perception and heal the parts of your life that you are presently struggling with. I will help you obtain clarity, find peace and balance, and discover or awaken parts of yourself that have yet to be explored.
(267) 930-2791 View (267) 930-2791
Photo of Chris Grundy, PsyD, Psychologist
Chris Grundy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19109
Not accepting new clients
How you relate to others is an important part of who you are as a person. While some people feel isolated and alone, others feel stifled and challenged from managing too many close relationships. Many often suffer because they are caught in old patterns of behaving and relating to others. I believe that healing comes from feeling acceptance, compassion, and forgiveness toward yourself. Only then will you be able to direct those same feelings toward others.
How you relate to others is an important part of who you are as a person. While some people feel isolated and alone, others feel stifled and challenged from managing too many close relationships. Many often suffer because they are caught in old patterns of behaving and relating to others. I believe that healing comes from feeling acceptance, compassion, and forgiveness toward yourself. Only then will you be able to direct those same feelings toward others.
(215) 584-4026 View (215) 584-4026
Photo of James Carroll, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
James Carroll
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm James. Are you tired of feeling trapped in the grip of anxiety and depression, unable to break free? Do you yearn for a life where you can confidently pursue your dreams and goals without fear? I specialize in empowering individuals to conquer anxiety and depression, unlocking their true potential and finding lasting fulfillment.
Hello, I'm James. Are you tired of feeling trapped in the grip of anxiety and depression, unable to break free? Do you yearn for a life where you can confidently pursue your dreams and goals without fear? I specialize in empowering individuals to conquer anxiety and depression, unlocking their true potential and finding lasting fulfillment.
(484) 312-5219 View (484) 312-5219
Photo of Michael Zwizanski, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michael Zwizanski
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19104  (Online Only)
In my work, I seek to make a connection that will cultivate a safe, judgement-free space to work through challenging issues & promote self-discovery. My stance in life and in my practice is anti-racist, sex positive, LGBTQ+ competent and gender affirming. I recognize my privilege as a cis-gender, white, male professional and strive to position myself as an equal collaborator in the processes of growth and change within my clients. Coming from an entertainment industry background, I have worked extensively with artists, musicians, actors and entrepreneurs and understand the creative process,
In my work, I seek to make a connection that will cultivate a safe, judgement-free space to work through challenging issues & promote self-discovery. My stance in life and in my practice is anti-racist, sex positive, LGBTQ+ competent and gender affirming. I recognize my privilege as a cis-gender, white, male professional and strive to position myself as an equal collaborator in the processes of growth and change within my clients. Coming from an entertainment industry background, I have worked extensively with artists, musicians, actors and entrepreneurs and understand the creative process,
(215) 789-4513 View (215) 789-4513
Photo of Bernadette N Bautista, MEd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Bernadette N Bautista
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Welcome! I enjoy working with clients navigating the challenges that early adulthood brings. This may include anxiety, low self-esteem/body image issues, relationship difficulties, and more. I welcome clients of all backgrounds and walks of life in this space.
Welcome! I enjoy working with clients navigating the challenges that early adulthood brings. This may include anxiety, low self-esteem/body image issues, relationship difficulties, and more. I welcome clients of all backgrounds and walks of life in this space.
(267) 932-7268 View (267) 932-7268
Photo of Taylor Nance, LMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Taylor Nance
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Perhaps you're being pulled in a million different directions & beginning to feel that the people closest to you are taking you for granted. You can't seem to find time for yourself, & although you try to fight it, resentment is building. It may seem like the odds are against you, but there is hope! You can create calm in this chaos. I want to empower you to build higher esteem by prioritizing your wellbeing, reduce stress by releasing things out of your control, & gain self-compassion as you make peace with the past. Together we will work towards developing a life that is aligned with your values despite its never ending demands.
Perhaps you're being pulled in a million different directions & beginning to feel that the people closest to you are taking you for granted. You can't seem to find time for yourself, & although you try to fight it, resentment is building. It may seem like the odds are against you, but there is hope! You can create calm in this chaos. I want to empower you to build higher esteem by prioritizing your wellbeing, reduce stress by releasing things out of your control, & gain self-compassion as you make peace with the past. Together we will work towards developing a life that is aligned with your values despite its never ending demands.
(215) 458-5953 View (215) 458-5953
Photo of Christine Frampus, MSW, MEd, LPC, RPT, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christine Frampus
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSW, MEd, LPC, RPT, NCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19146
When you were young, you had a clear idea of your future. You knew exactly the type of mid-century modern home you wanted to live in. You’d have a perfect husband with two well-behaved children. Your job would be rewarding, and you’d have lots of free time to work on yourself. But now, looking around at your life, you don’t have any of that. Somewhere along the way, you lost sight of your goals. Now you’re stuck here. It’s not your fault– there were so many things working against you and obstacles you had to endure. But it's time for a change. You know you’re running out of time to take action, but you don’t know how to start.
When you were young, you had a clear idea of your future. You knew exactly the type of mid-century modern home you wanted to live in. You’d have a perfect husband with two well-behaved children. Your job would be rewarding, and you’d have lots of free time to work on yourself. But now, looking around at your life, you don’t have any of that. Somewhere along the way, you lost sight of your goals. Now you’re stuck here. It’s not your fault– there were so many things working against you and obstacles you had to endure. But it's time for a change. You know you’re running out of time to take action, but you don’t know how to start.
(267) 435-3108 View (267) 435-3108
Photo of Mark Bingel McKillips, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark Bingel McKillips
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Mark is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Philadelphia, who holds licenses in both Pennsylvania and California. He has 20 years of experience helping children and families work through challenges impacting their health and happiness. He spent most of his career working for a nonprofit agency that continues to serve trauma-impacted children and families in the San Francisco, Bay Area. It was through this work that Mark grew to understand both the grave impact of trauma and the healing power of psychotherapy.
Mark is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Philadelphia, who holds licenses in both Pennsylvania and California. He has 20 years of experience helping children and families work through challenges impacting their health and happiness. He spent most of his career working for a nonprofit agency that continues to serve trauma-impacted children and families in the San Francisco, Bay Area. It was through this work that Mark grew to understand both the grave impact of trauma and the healing power of psychotherapy.
(267) 244-1208 View (267) 244-1208
Photo of Theodore Lemann, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Theodore Lemann
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107  (Online Only)
There are countless ways I like to describe my work, but I often think of therapy as similar to mountaineering: We tether to another person as we build trust and explore the natural landscape of our humanness. At times treacherous and scary; at times awe-inspiring and profound. The point is not to curate this expanse, but instead to build familiarity so that we can be more sure-footed as we walk through our lives with increasing skill... Comfort and ease within the chaos and uncertainty that can be everyday life.
There are countless ways I like to describe my work, but I often think of therapy as similar to mountaineering: We tether to another person as we build trust and explore the natural landscape of our humanness. At times treacherous and scary; at times awe-inspiring and profound. The point is not to curate this expanse, but instead to build familiarity so that we can be more sure-footed as we walk through our lives with increasing skill... Comfort and ease within the chaos and uncertainty that can be everyday life.
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Photo of Dr. Elanah D. Naftali, DrPH, LMFT, SEP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Elanah D. Naftali
Marriage & Family Therapist, DrPH, LMFT, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19144  (Online Only)
When anxiety and depression run wild, our relationships suffer and self confidence is eroded. I help Individuals restore wholeness and safety; especially after a trauma from long ago, or just yesterday. I also work with individuals longing for deeper connection and joy in their personal and work relationships. I blend body-based approaches, mindfulness and hypnotherapy to offer tangible tools for staying healthy and grounded; especially when life's running us and lacks vitality.
When anxiety and depression run wild, our relationships suffer and self confidence is eroded. I help Individuals restore wholeness and safety; especially after a trauma from long ago, or just yesterday. I also work with individuals longing for deeper connection and joy in their personal and work relationships. I blend body-based approaches, mindfulness and hypnotherapy to offer tangible tools for staying healthy and grounded; especially when life's running us and lacks vitality.
(215) 498-6360 View (215) 498-6360
Photo of Ciara Ivey, LPC, NCC, CCTP, Counselor
Ciara Ivey
Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19115  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you ready to make a much-needed change in your life? Does it feel like you do not have the support you want and need? Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, trauma, or general stress, I am here to help. I help motivated individuals develop a healthier relationship with themselves and with others. While working together, I seek to create a safe space for you to express yourself, process your thoughts and feelings, and work towards overcoming challenges and reaching personal goals.
Are you ready to make a much-needed change in your life? Does it feel like you do not have the support you want and need? Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, trauma, or general stress, I am here to help. I help motivated individuals develop a healthier relationship with themselves and with others. While working together, I seek to create a safe space for you to express yourself, process your thoughts and feelings, and work towards overcoming challenges and reaching personal goals.
(267) 633-8322 View (267) 633-8322
Photo of Akia Imani Izzard, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Akia Imani Izzard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19121  (Online Only)
Hello! I am Akia, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I am dedicated to empowering adolescents and adults to improve their well-being in their private and professional lives. I assist clients in increasing their insight and awareness of their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. I believe the client-therapist relationship is very important in building a strong foundation for therapeutic success. In addition to being a therapist, I am also a wife, and mother of 3, with a special needs child. I also love to read and drink copious amounts of tea.
Hello! I am Akia, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I am dedicated to empowering adolescents and adults to improve their well-being in their private and professional lives. I assist clients in increasing their insight and awareness of their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. I believe the client-therapist relationship is very important in building a strong foundation for therapeutic success. In addition to being a therapist, I am also a wife, and mother of 3, with a special needs child. I also love to read and drink copious amounts of tea.
(215) 650-8140 View (215) 650-8140
Photo of Dr. Michael M Grant, PhD, MBA, Psychologist
Dr. Michael M Grant
Psychologist, PhD, MBA
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19141  (Online Only)
I offer ONLINE only (via ZOOM) therapy for those 18+. Clients don't come to me because they are happy but, most likely, because they are in pain and hurt. They are tired of feeling stuck, and the fear, tears, and whatever seems to be causing them all. They aren’t interested in therapy because they want therapy. In fact, they are not even sure IF they want therapy—but they ARE sure they want to get unstuck and feel better. So, for you: here you are. . . not all that sure that this is going to help but damn sure you want to do something that might make a positive change and get your life moving forward again
I offer ONLINE only (via ZOOM) therapy for those 18+. Clients don't come to me because they are happy but, most likely, because they are in pain and hurt. They are tired of feeling stuck, and the fear, tears, and whatever seems to be causing them all. They aren’t interested in therapy because they want therapy. In fact, they are not even sure IF they want therapy—but they ARE sure they want to get unstuck and feel better. So, for you: here you are. . . not all that sure that this is going to help but damn sure you want to do something that might make a positive change and get your life moving forward again
(215) 461-3609 View (215) 461-3609
Photo of Ross Hunter, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ross Hunter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
If you are someone who is seeking healing and growth in a safe therapeutic space, then I believe you've come to the right place. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, grief, and difficult life transitions, in addition to working with a number of different other psychological issues, such as substance use, trauma, self-esteem, men’s issues, anger, relationships problems, and ADHD. I integrate various therapeutic models in my work, including CBT, Existential Psychotherapy, ACT, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
If you are someone who is seeking healing and growth in a safe therapeutic space, then I believe you've come to the right place. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, grief, and difficult life transitions, in addition to working with a number of different other psychological issues, such as substance use, trauma, self-esteem, men’s issues, anger, relationships problems, and ADHD. I integrate various therapeutic models in my work, including CBT, Existential Psychotherapy, ACT, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
(484) 559-6466 View (484) 559-6466
Photo of Elisabetta Ambron, PhD, Psychologist
Elisabetta Ambron
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
We view reality through distorted lenses. The shape, color, and luminance have been altered by our experiences. Some lenses have endured so much that achieving a clear vision can be challenging! When light does manage to pass through, it can be quite painful...
We view reality through distorted lenses. The shape, color, and luminance have been altered by our experiences. Some lenses have endured so much that achieving a clear vision can be challenging! When light does manage to pass through, it can be quite painful...
(267) 214-0449 View (267) 214-0449
Photo of Joseph A Ofalt, PsyD, Psychologist
Joseph A Ofalt
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119
At times you may feel too depleted to consider making needed changes in your life, or to know what is even possible to change. Old coping mechanisms no longer work so well, bringing diminishing returns and unhappiness. It may take a crisis to be ready to seek help. Psychotherapy can reveal ways of replacing the behavior patterns and symptoms that cause us trouble with real solutions. Using the insights of existential and psychodynamic perspectives of psychology - including dream work - as a basis, I will help you understand yourself, care for yourself, and discover strength and meaning wherever you may find yourself in your life.
At times you may feel too depleted to consider making needed changes in your life, or to know what is even possible to change. Old coping mechanisms no longer work so well, bringing diminishing returns and unhappiness. It may take a crisis to be ready to seek help. Psychotherapy can reveal ways of replacing the behavior patterns and symptoms that cause us trouble with real solutions. Using the insights of existential and psychodynamic perspectives of psychology - including dream work - as a basis, I will help you understand yourself, care for yourself, and discover strength and meaning wherever you may find yourself in your life.
(267) 651-1287 View (267) 651-1287
Photo of Juliana Collins, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Juliana Collins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
My therapy focuses solely on your wants and needs. My job is not to tell you what to do, but rather to walk alongside you on your journey while identifying patterns, asking questions or offering insight along the way. I am committed to developing a trusting, authentic, and transparent relationship with each individual that I work with so that you feel comfortable being open. Reaching out for support is difficult, and I am here to be present throughout your process. My treatment emphasizes strengths and person-centered approaches, believing in the resilience and individuality of each client, that you are your own expert.
My therapy focuses solely on your wants and needs. My job is not to tell you what to do, but rather to walk alongside you on your journey while identifying patterns, asking questions or offering insight along the way. I am committed to developing a trusting, authentic, and transparent relationship with each individual that I work with so that you feel comfortable being open. Reaching out for support is difficult, and I am here to be present throughout your process. My treatment emphasizes strengths and person-centered approaches, believing in the resilience and individuality of each client, that you are your own expert.
(267) 930-2840 View (267) 930-2840

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
66% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% Online Only
50% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.