Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

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Photo of Jennifer Matesa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Jennifer Matesa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MFA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
I'm committed to fostering nonjudgmental connections with individuals as they seek to move toward healthy, creative change. I’ve dedicated my professional life to helping people with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship difficulties. I love helping folks explore intergenerational questions and problems. I have a deep interest in helping people learn to live with more ease inside their bodies—to learn more about their own sexuality, to cultivate awareness of cultural forces that would separate us from our bodies, and to develop practices that can reunite our bodies with our minds, emotions and spirits.
I'm committed to fostering nonjudgmental connections with individuals as they seek to move toward healthy, creative change. I’ve dedicated my professional life to helping people with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship difficulties. I love helping folks explore intergenerational questions and problems. I have a deep interest in helping people learn to live with more ease inside their bodies—to learn more about their own sexuality, to cultivate awareness of cultural forces that would separate us from our bodies, and to develop practices that can reunite our bodies with our minds, emotions and spirits.
(412) 455-3954 View (412) 455-3954
Photo of Tory Butterworth, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Tory Butterworth
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15218
I specialize in working with women who eat their feelings. I have developed the STOP Eating Your Feelings approach, which differentiates four different patterns of emotional overeating. Distinguishing these four types helps compulsive eaters to identify the reasons why they binge and to target the particular patterns they need to change in order to move beyond compulsive overeating. I also work with clients with anxiety, depression, workplace stress, those healing from grief or trauma or trying to sort out the effects of growing up in a dysfunctional family.
I specialize in working with women who eat their feelings. I have developed the STOP Eating Your Feelings approach, which differentiates four different patterns of emotional overeating. Distinguishing these four types helps compulsive eaters to identify the reasons why they binge and to target the particular patterns they need to change in order to move beyond compulsive overeating. I also work with clients with anxiety, depression, workplace stress, those healing from grief or trauma or trying to sort out the effects of growing up in a dysfunctional family.
(412) 545-6451 View (412) 545-6451
Photo of Erin Glasscott, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Erin Glasscott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW , LSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
Are you a young adult dealing primarily with anxiety and life transition issues? This could be a recent college graduate starting their first big job, a major transition. I like walking beside them through these transitions and being an additional support. I also like helping people learn breathing techniques to manage anxiety and learn about polyvagal theory and a bottom-up approach. I enjoy working with clients who can articulate their goals, such as managing anxiety better and working on anxiety in different settings.
Are you a young adult dealing primarily with anxiety and life transition issues? This could be a recent college graduate starting their first big job, a major transition. I like walking beside them through these transitions and being an additional support. I also like helping people learn breathing techniques to manage anxiety and learn about polyvagal theory and a bottom-up approach. I enjoy working with clients who can articulate their goals, such as managing anxiety better and working on anxiety in different settings.
(412) 991-1687 View (412) 991-1687
Photo of Brenda Slagle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Brenda Slagle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Brenda Slagle is a Nationally Board Certified Counselor (NCC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Pennsylvania with over 6 years of experience. Brenda specializes in treating clients with complex PTSD, major depression, panic disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, addiction, social anxiety, bipolar, and others. She completed her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from the University of Pittsburgh and her Master's degree in Professional Counseling from Carlow University.
Brenda Slagle is a Nationally Board Certified Counselor (NCC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Pennsylvania with over 6 years of experience. Brenda specializes in treating clients with complex PTSD, major depression, panic disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, addiction, social anxiety, bipolar, and others. She completed her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from the University of Pittsburgh and her Master's degree in Professional Counseling from Carlow University.
(412) 312-3960 View (412) 312-3960
Photo of Kerrie Boydman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Kerrie Boydman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15237  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
**Currently unable to accept new clients at this time.** Have you felt distracted lately at work or at school, feeling this overwhelming sense of dissatisfaction? Do you find you're more distressed than usual over daily stressors, simple chores or minor arguments? And do you find yourself constantly thinking about all the things you want to change? You may know what behaviors you have that are causing you distress or you may lack insight into what it is that is getting in your way. Either way, when you know something has to change, but you don't know how to go about it, therapy may be the answer.
**Currently unable to accept new clients at this time.** Have you felt distracted lately at work or at school, feeling this overwhelming sense of dissatisfaction? Do you find you're more distressed than usual over daily stressors, simple chores or minor arguments? And do you find yourself constantly thinking about all the things you want to change? You may know what behaviors you have that are causing you distress or you may lack insight into what it is that is getting in your way. Either way, when you know something has to change, but you don't know how to go about it, therapy may be the answer.
(412) 532-1142 View (412) 532-1142
Photo of Lily VanDyk, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Lily VanDyk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
My ideal client is a young adult navigating the currents of life. These are individuals seeking support and guidance in a world that can feel disconnected. Daily pressures, career uncertainties, and changing roles in relationships can lead to stress. Individualized coping skills and treatment in a safe and welcoming environment will help you to heal!
My ideal client is a young adult navigating the currents of life. These are individuals seeking support and guidance in a world that can feel disconnected. Daily pressures, career uncertainties, and changing roles in relationships can lead to stress. Individualized coping skills and treatment in a safe and welcoming environment will help you to heal!
(878) 208-4643 View (878) 208-4643
Photo of Julie Saragosa, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Julie Saragosa
Pre-Licensed Professional, MC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15212
As your therapist, my goal is to provide a comfortable and safe environment for you to express your feelings and help you gain perspective with challenges you may be facing. My clients learn healthy coping skills and tools to better navigate life's difficult moments. My role is to walk alongside you through this journey to your most empowered and best self. By challenging beliefs and emotions that no longer serve you, in addition to improving intra and interpersonal relationships, personal growth and symptom relief are my goals for you. You are not alone; allow me to help you through challenges and find hope and happiness again.
As your therapist, my goal is to provide a comfortable and safe environment for you to express your feelings and help you gain perspective with challenges you may be facing. My clients learn healthy coping skills and tools to better navigate life's difficult moments. My role is to walk alongside you through this journey to your most empowered and best self. By challenging beliefs and emotions that no longer serve you, in addition to improving intra and interpersonal relationships, personal growth and symptom relief are my goals for you. You are not alone; allow me to help you through challenges and find hope and happiness again.
(412) 816-8923 View (412) 816-8923
Photo of William Bishop, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
William Bishop
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15235
30 years of experience working with children, teens, men, women, and families has taught me that the most important thing in life is relationships. It's relationships that help us weather life's storms, and breakdowns in key relationships are usually what lead to a great deal of our distress and turmoil. My help to clients is first and foremost in the form of a positive, affirming relationship, and through that, I have been able to help countless people move toward wholeness and restoration within themselves, and with those that are important to them. I truly look forward to meeting and working with you.
30 years of experience working with children, teens, men, women, and families has taught me that the most important thing in life is relationships. It's relationships that help us weather life's storms, and breakdowns in key relationships are usually what lead to a great deal of our distress and turmoil. My help to clients is first and foremost in the form of a positive, affirming relationship, and through that, I have been able to help countless people move toward wholeness and restoration within themselves, and with those that are important to them. I truly look forward to meeting and working with you.
(412) 538-6083 View (412) 538-6083
Photo of Inner Journey Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Inner Journey Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15232
Inner Journey Counseling, a Group Therapy Practice, provides therapy, consultation, and other services to individuals, couples, and families in the Pittsburgh Region.
Inner Journey Counseling, a Group Therapy Practice, provides therapy, consultation, and other services to individuals, couples, and families in the Pittsburgh Region.
(412) 850-2746 View (412) 850-2746
Photo of Lisa Fleischer Jackson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Lisa Fleischer Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15237  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Do you have trouble opening up to others? Is it difficult to talk about your feelings? Do you ever wonder why you have certain thoughts? It’s common for people to bottle up emotions and project their feelings onto others, but there is a healthier way to handle them. You are worth it! I work with people who have experienced depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and life transitions. I have a special interest in working with women in Midlife. I can help you navigate the challenges of feeling stuck, questioning your identity, and setting your priorities.
Do you have trouble opening up to others? Is it difficult to talk about your feelings? Do you ever wonder why you have certain thoughts? It’s common for people to bottle up emotions and project their feelings onto others, but there is a healthier way to handle them. You are worth it! I work with people who have experienced depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and life transitions. I have a special interest in working with women in Midlife. I can help you navigate the challenges of feeling stuck, questioning your identity, and setting your priorities.
(412) 455-8630 View (412) 455-8630
Photo of Frances Kelley, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Frances Kelley
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in working with clients who have experienced trauma including PTSD, C-PTSD and dissociative disorders. I provide a safe, nonjudgmental, identity-affirming space where we can explore what may be causing difficulty in your life. I help my clients develop self-compassion and acceptance while addressing and healing the root causes of their trauma, anger, anxiety, depression, and grief. I view psychotherapy as a collaborative experience between therapist and client. Together we will envision where you want to be and I will support and challenge you to grow and heal.
I specialize in working with clients who have experienced trauma including PTSD, C-PTSD and dissociative disorders. I provide a safe, nonjudgmental, identity-affirming space where we can explore what may be causing difficulty in your life. I help my clients develop self-compassion and acceptance while addressing and healing the root causes of their trauma, anger, anxiety, depression, and grief. I view psychotherapy as a collaborative experience between therapist and client. Together we will envision where you want to be and I will support and challenge you to grow and heal.
(412) 307-8464 View (412) 307-8464
Photo of Kristina Frechette, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Kristina Frechette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone who is seeking a path to meaningful change. They may be struggling with a range of issues, such as anxiety, eating disorders, depression, stress, trauma, self-esteem challenges, or navigating life transitions. I enjoy working with those who are seeking guidance and support to understand of their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, and are motivated to become the best version of themselves.
My ideal client is someone who is seeking a path to meaningful change. They may be struggling with a range of issues, such as anxiety, eating disorders, depression, stress, trauma, self-esteem challenges, or navigating life transitions. I enjoy working with those who are seeking guidance and support to understand of their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, and are motivated to become the best version of themselves.
(412) 419-3336 View (412) 419-3336
Photo of Amanda Talak, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Amanda Talak
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
Trauma-informed. Compassionate. Real. <— If I had to describe my therapeutic approach in three words or phrases, those three would be the most fitting. Whether this is your first time in therapy, or you are coming in with extensive therapy experience, I am here to meet you where you are at and show up authentically. If you are interested in KAP, please reach out for a free consult.
Trauma-informed. Compassionate. Real. <— If I had to describe my therapeutic approach in three words or phrases, those three would be the most fitting. Whether this is your first time in therapy, or you are coming in with extensive therapy experience, I am here to meet you where you are at and show up authentically. If you are interested in KAP, please reach out for a free consult.
(412) 912-1668 View (412) 912-1668
Photo of Debra M Whittam, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Debra M Whittam
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd, CCDPD, CAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15212
My ideal clients have issues with anxiety, depression, addiction and grief. Those who have little to no family support or friend network to rely on during difficult times. I work with people who struggle with alcoholism and drug abuse and repeated relapse. I also specialize in Adult Children of Alcoholism or Dysfunctional Homes. Many of my clients need help making life decisions especially between the ages of 16-26. Also those who are in transition either from divorce, from college to the workplace and single parents. Most everyone needs to know if they are going to be okay and if they are, how will they be okay.
My ideal clients have issues with anxiety, depression, addiction and grief. Those who have little to no family support or friend network to rely on during difficult times. I work with people who struggle with alcoholism and drug abuse and repeated relapse. I also specialize in Adult Children of Alcoholism or Dysfunctional Homes. Many of my clients need help making life decisions especially between the ages of 16-26. Also those who are in transition either from divorce, from college to the workplace and single parents. Most everyone needs to know if they are going to be okay and if they are, how will they be okay.
(412) 467-0492 View (412) 467-0492
Photo of Chris Wesling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Chris Wesling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LBS, NCC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
"The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction, not a destination." These are wise words from Carl Rogers, one of my biggest influences. My approach with clients comes from years of direct work with children, adolescents, families, and adults. Providing a safe and welcoming atmosphere is what I strive for as we create a therapeutic alliance and work through difficulties that you are facing. We will work together and address your concerns by focusing on your strengths and setting up goals that we will achieve with evidence-based practices.
"The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction, not a destination." These are wise words from Carl Rogers, one of my biggest influences. My approach with clients comes from years of direct work with children, adolescents, families, and adults. Providing a safe and welcoming atmosphere is what I strive for as we create a therapeutic alliance and work through difficulties that you are facing. We will work together and address your concerns by focusing on your strengths and setting up goals that we will achieve with evidence-based practices.
(412) 387-5044 View (412) 387-5044
Photo of Michelle Wygant, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Michelle Wygant
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
You might be someone grappling with grief, depression, or anxiety. I know you're seeking a therapist who specializes in these areas and truly comprehends your struggles. Your needs are specific, and your aim is to regain control and find emotional stability. I'm here to assist you in your journey towards a brighter, more balanced life.
You might be someone grappling with grief, depression, or anxiety. I know you're seeking a therapist who specializes in these areas and truly comprehends your struggles. Your needs are specific, and your aim is to regain control and find emotional stability. I'm here to assist you in your journey towards a brighter, more balanced life.
(724) 383-8607 View (724) 383-8607
Photo of Christen Shiber Nichols, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Christen Shiber Nichols
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Not accepting new clients
Human beings are deeply wired for connection and thrive in relationships that provide safety, love, and acceptance. When we find ourselves alone, isolated, and disconnected, especially when our relationships are suffering, we struggle with self-doubt, shame, and beliefs that we are undeserving and unloveable. It doesn't have to be this way. My goal is to create a space for you to explore your story and deepen your self understanding, putting you on a path to aliveness and connection.
Human beings are deeply wired for connection and thrive in relationships that provide safety, love, and acceptance. When we find ourselves alone, isolated, and disconnected, especially when our relationships are suffering, we struggle with self-doubt, shame, and beliefs that we are undeserving and unloveable. It doesn't have to be this way. My goal is to create a space for you to explore your story and deepen your self understanding, putting you on a path to aliveness and connection.
(412) 790-1457 View (412) 790-1457
Photo of Joe Trecki - Sense Of Direction Counseling Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Joe Trecki - Sense Of Direction Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15220
Sometimes life can feel a little overwhelming. This holds true for young kids, teens, and adults. In my therapy, I use a variety of techniques and approaches to meet my clients where they are and utilize their strengths in order to get them to achieve their goals regardless of their age, gender, or orientation. Together, we will identify strengths, skills, and resources that you will turn into opportunity and growth. We will focus on the solution and not the problem. Greatness is just being better than you were yesterday!
Sometimes life can feel a little overwhelming. This holds true for young kids, teens, and adults. In my therapy, I use a variety of techniques and approaches to meet my clients where they are and utilize their strengths in order to get them to achieve their goals regardless of their age, gender, or orientation. Together, we will identify strengths, skills, and resources that you will turn into opportunity and growth. We will focus on the solution and not the problem. Greatness is just being better than you were yesterday!
(412) 520-3934 View (412) 520-3934
Photo of Courtney Orlowski (Previously Frist) in Pittsburgh, PA
Courtney Orlowski (Previously Frist)
MS, NCC, MSEd, CSP
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15221
Are you struggling in a relationship and finding yourself stuck in a negative cycle with someone you love? Do you find that all your good intentions lead you further from connection? The closest relationship is where the biggest hurts happen because this person means so much to us. Often we are stuck in a cycle where there is no good move. We fight for our connection, and things blow up. We tuck away our pain, and we feel further apart. This feels like so much pressure, and often a hopeless place to be.
Are you struggling in a relationship and finding yourself stuck in a negative cycle with someone you love? Do you find that all your good intentions lead you further from connection? The closest relationship is where the biggest hurts happen because this person means so much to us. Often we are stuck in a cycle where there is no good move. We fight for our connection, and things blow up. We tuck away our pain, and we feel further apart. This feels like so much pressure, and often a hopeless place to be.
(412) 206-9275 View (412) 206-9275
Photo of Patricia Hanson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Patricia Hanson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15221
You can schedule on my Website if you like. What you can expect from our first session • A Safe and Nurturing Environment • Enhanced Self-awareness • Practical Coping Strategies • Holistic Well-being • Empowerment • A Deepened Connection • Transformational Conversations In essence, sessions with me are a blend of empathy, expertise, and empowerment. Whether in a crisis, seeking strategies for specific challenges, or yearning for personal growth, our collaborative journey is designed to illuminate paths forward and cultivate enduring mental and emotional strength.
You can schedule on my Website if you like. What you can expect from our first session • A Safe and Nurturing Environment • Enhanced Self-awareness • Practical Coping Strategies • Holistic Well-being • Empowerment • A Deepened Connection • Transformational Conversations In essence, sessions with me are a blend of empathy, expertise, and empowerment. Whether in a crisis, seeking strategies for specific challenges, or yearning for personal growth, our collaborative journey is designed to illuminate paths forward and cultivate enduring mental and emotional strength.
(878) 313-6450 View (878) 313-6450

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.