Therapists in Oakland, CA

View neighborhoods in Oakland
Photo of John Roedel Psychedelic Integration Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
John Roedel Psychedelic Integration Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
If you've decided you want to try psychedelic-assisted therapy for depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, addiction, family-of-origin issues—or any of a number of other mental health issues—I may be able to help you. Many patients have experienced significant improvement after just a short course of treatment. That said, this approach has risks and potential harms that must be carefully assessed and managed. The formal term for this approach is "Psychedelic Harm Reduction and Integration." In addition to my training in this, I draw on extensive experience as a crisis therapist helping to keep patients safe.
If you've decided you want to try psychedelic-assisted therapy for depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, addiction, family-of-origin issues—or any of a number of other mental health issues—I may be able to help you. Many patients have experienced significant improvement after just a short course of treatment. That said, this approach has risks and potential harms that must be carefully assessed and managed. The formal term for this approach is "Psychedelic Harm Reduction and Integration." In addition to my training in this, I draw on extensive experience as a crisis therapist helping to keep patients safe.
(415) 849-3997 View (415) 849-3997
Photo of Cambria Lowe, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Cambria Lowe
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, CHom
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
As a Somatic Psychotherapist and Homeopath, I can support you in creating more wellness and integrity in your life. My work with you is Integrative, Collaborative and Transformative. As a licensed MFT, I can support you in a therapeutic process that can transform your life by: Moving from hopelessness, despair and aimlessness into revitalized energy and a new passion for the life you want to live; Changing feelings of anxiety and fear into a renewed sense of possibility and action; Shifting feelings of disconnection and loneliness into a restored sense of self-confidence and the potential for creating meaningful connections.
As a Somatic Psychotherapist and Homeopath, I can support you in creating more wellness and integrity in your life. My work with you is Integrative, Collaborative and Transformative. As a licensed MFT, I can support you in a therapeutic process that can transform your life by: Moving from hopelessness, despair and aimlessness into revitalized energy and a new passion for the life you want to live; Changing feelings of anxiety and fear into a renewed sense of possibility and action; Shifting feelings of disconnection and loneliness into a restored sense of self-confidence and the potential for creating meaningful connections.
(408) 217-0747 View (408) 217-0747
Photo of Laura Rivera Rodriguez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Laura Rivera Rodriguez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
Being in therapy is a creative process of self-discovery where your whole self is welcome, just as you are. As I join you by making room for what’s hard to say or what has never been spoken, you may feel transformations in what once felt frozen in place. The space we hold for your words in therapy is enlivening, and often leads to deep insights and relief from painful psychological symptoms toward engaging in life more fully. I see individuals and couples who are seeking relief from ongoing conflicts, experience issues with sexuality and intimacy, or who want to find their way back to who they really are beyond shame and guilt.
Being in therapy is a creative process of self-discovery where your whole self is welcome, just as you are. As I join you by making room for what’s hard to say or what has never been spoken, you may feel transformations in what once felt frozen in place. The space we hold for your words in therapy is enlivening, and often leads to deep insights and relief from painful psychological symptoms toward engaging in life more fully. I see individuals and couples who are seeking relief from ongoing conflicts, experience issues with sexuality and intimacy, or who want to find their way back to who they really are beyond shame and guilt.
(510) 826-5582 View (510) 826-5582
Photo of Andrew R Turkington, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Andrew R Turkington
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
The aim of therapy is to feel more at ease with oneself and more at home in the world. To be able to enjoy life without overwhelming anxiety, confusion or depression. As a therapist with over thirty years of experience, my aim is to foster a trusting relationship where you can confide your concerns, and through our dialogue overcome those difficulties that may feel overwhelming. I see individuals, adolescents, couples and families. My practice includes seeing clients who are experiencing serious disruptions in their lives.
The aim of therapy is to feel more at ease with oneself and more at home in the world. To be able to enjoy life without overwhelming anxiety, confusion or depression. As a therapist with over thirty years of experience, my aim is to foster a trusting relationship where you can confide your concerns, and through our dialogue overcome those difficulties that may feel overwhelming. I see individuals, adolescents, couples and families. My practice includes seeing clients who are experiencing serious disruptions in their lives.
(510) 901-4956 View (510) 901-4956
Photo of Delilah Raybee, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Delilah Raybee
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
I help individuals, couples, and families experiencing life changes, suffering a loss, or needing relationship support. Whatever your current challenges, working with a somatic therapist can help you get in touch with your body, a rich source of information to support you in achieving greater ease in difficult situations or relationships. Therapy with me is a safe container for holding all that may arise as you journey back to yourself, starting with your body. I believe that when each of us heals ourselves it has ripple effects out to families, communities and ultimately to the world.
I help individuals, couples, and families experiencing life changes, suffering a loss, or needing relationship support. Whatever your current challenges, working with a somatic therapist can help you get in touch with your body, a rich source of information to support you in achieving greater ease in difficult situations or relationships. Therapy with me is a safe container for holding all that may arise as you journey back to yourself, starting with your body. I believe that when each of us heals ourselves it has ripple effects out to families, communities and ultimately to the world.
(415) 358-1597 View (415) 358-1597
Photo of Mia Salaverry, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Mia Salaverry
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CCH
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Online sessions available now. The research-based techniques I use work! All that’s required is that you show up, engage, and practice. These are the key to addressing depression, anxiety, relationship problems, and Covid-19 (coronavirus) fears, to name a few. I bring a dynamic, engaged style and years of experience to my work. Other clients are entrepreneurs faced with the complexities and demands of Silicon Valley start-ups, as well as professionals in medicine, law, education, psychology, entertainment, and business.
Online sessions available now. The research-based techniques I use work! All that’s required is that you show up, engage, and practice. These are the key to addressing depression, anxiety, relationship problems, and Covid-19 (coronavirus) fears, to name a few. I bring a dynamic, engaged style and years of experience to my work. Other clients are entrepreneurs faced with the complexities and demands of Silicon Valley start-ups, as well as professionals in medicine, law, education, psychology, entertainment, and business.
(650) 209-7308 View (650) 209-7308
Photo of Marcella Raimondo, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Marcella Raimondo
Psychologist, PhD, MPH
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Welcome to my practice.Are you struggling with eating issues, disordered eating and body image distress?I offer a holistic therapy approach to move past your struggles for a life of liberation, empowerment, and peace.Your eating issues and body experiences are holding a deep and nuanced story about you. My approach will help you unravel your story to uncover steps for powerful change. Eating disorders, eating problems and body experience issues are treatable. Change is liberating as well as challenging.And both liberation and feeling challenged can exist together in your healing journey.It is my goal to help you on this journey.
Welcome to my practice.Are you struggling with eating issues, disordered eating and body image distress?I offer a holistic therapy approach to move past your struggles for a life of liberation, empowerment, and peace.Your eating issues and body experiences are holding a deep and nuanced story about you. My approach will help you unravel your story to uncover steps for powerful change. Eating disorders, eating problems and body experience issues are treatable. Change is liberating as well as challenging.And both liberation and feeling challenged can exist together in your healing journey.It is my goal to help you on this journey.
(510) 694-1627 View (510) 694-1627
Photo of Tynisa D. Snow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Tynisa D. Snow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
I provide individual, group, and couples therapy for adults. Clients of all faiths, cultures, ethnic groups, religions, sexual orientations, and gender identities are welcome. My focus is helping clients process and work through problems involving depression, anxiety, relationship issues, loss, trauma, stress, and life transitions.
I provide individual, group, and couples therapy for adults. Clients of all faiths, cultures, ethnic groups, religions, sexual orientations, and gender identities are welcome. My focus is helping clients process and work through problems involving depression, anxiety, relationship issues, loss, trauma, stress, and life transitions.
(510) 939-7914 View (510) 939-7914
Photo of Sarah Cybulski, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Sarah Cybulski
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I specialize in supporting adolescents and adults facing Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, Attachment Disorder, Life transitions, and Grief. I enjoy working with clients who are honest and open to being vulnerable and are motivated to make positive changes in their lives and I seek to support my clients in learning coping skills and setting goals to address the challenges they are facing in their lives.
I specialize in supporting adolescents and adults facing Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, Attachment Disorder, Life transitions, and Grief. I enjoy working with clients who are honest and open to being vulnerable and are motivated to make positive changes in their lives and I seek to support my clients in learning coping skills and setting goals to address the challenges they are facing in their lives.
(510) 822-7175 View (510) 822-7175
Photo of Leighna Harrison, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Leighna Harrison
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My therapy focuses on stress management and relaxation techniques for Silicon Valley professional women. To address the unique pressures facing females in tech, including but not limited to: work life balance, gender and race issues in the workplace, and professional advancement, I use evidence-based practices, informed by strengths and systemic perspectives, to help decrease stress and worry, and cultivate enhanced energy, joy, and vitality.
My therapy focuses on stress management and relaxation techniques for Silicon Valley professional women. To address the unique pressures facing females in tech, including but not limited to: work life balance, gender and race issues in the workplace, and professional advancement, I use evidence-based practices, informed by strengths and systemic perspectives, to help decrease stress and worry, and cultivate enhanced energy, joy, and vitality.
(650) 667-8127 View (650) 667-8127
Photo of Tu Nguyen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Tu Nguyen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Is anxiety, depression, fear or a traumatic past leaving you feeling numb, flat or emotionally disconnected from others, and more importantly yourself? Perhaps you keep choosing the wrong partners or stay in unhappy relationships not knowing how to move forward. Maybe intergenerational trauma is impacting your emotional wellness and you want to stop that cycle from passing onto future generations. What if there's a way to feel more consciously embodied? If you are ready to let go of your painful past, oppressive narratives, and limiting beliefs; I am here to help guide you through your healing journey.
Is anxiety, depression, fear or a traumatic past leaving you feeling numb, flat or emotionally disconnected from others, and more importantly yourself? Perhaps you keep choosing the wrong partners or stay in unhappy relationships not knowing how to move forward. Maybe intergenerational trauma is impacting your emotional wellness and you want to stop that cycle from passing onto future generations. What if there's a way to feel more consciously embodied? If you are ready to let go of your painful past, oppressive narratives, and limiting beliefs; I am here to help guide you through your healing journey.
(925) 430-7735 View (925) 430-7735
Photo of Mekdes Yilma, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Mekdes Yilma
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
As Audre Lord said, "Self-care is not self-indulgence, it is self-preservation." Hello, I'm Mekdes! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist working out of Fresno, CA. Deciding to seek counseling services is a huge step. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, or parenting challenges, participating in therapy can give you the boost that you need to start living your best life again! As a therapist, I consider it a privilege to be allowed to walk alongside you on your journey of healing.
As Audre Lord said, "Self-care is not self-indulgence, it is self-preservation." Hello, I'm Mekdes! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist working out of Fresno, CA. Deciding to seek counseling services is a huge step. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, or parenting challenges, participating in therapy can give you the boost that you need to start living your best life again! As a therapist, I consider it a privilege to be allowed to walk alongside you on your journey of healing.
(510) 480-3651 View (510) 480-3651
Photo of Sarah M. Scott, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Sarah M. Scott
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94605
I have always been curious about what causes suffering, how we find meaning, and how we can heal and grow. I specialize in working with clients seeking assistance with negative self-talk, anxiety, relationship issues, post-traumatic stress, and navigating the complexities of breakups. Additionally, I work with couples on issues such as high conflict, communication, separation, and divorce. I offer a compassionate space to heal, reflect, grow, and rebuild.
I have always been curious about what causes suffering, how we find meaning, and how we can heal and grow. I specialize in working with clients seeking assistance with negative self-talk, anxiety, relationship issues, post-traumatic stress, and navigating the complexities of breakups. Additionally, I work with couples on issues such as high conflict, communication, separation, and divorce. I offer a compassionate space to heal, reflect, grow, and rebuild.
(510) 949-3817 View (510) 949-3817
Photo of Natalye Pearson, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Natalye Pearson
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94605  (Online Only)
When you've decided to get help, seeking a psychologist you feel comfortable with is as important as their skill and training. If I'm so honored to have you as my client, you'll find I utilize an integrated approach; a mix of gentle yet direct communication, mindfulness, cultural dynamics including family systems, psychoeducation, skill building using cognitive behavioral techniques, and of course explorative questions that help to uncover the emotional obstacles to your healing and progression in life.
When you've decided to get help, seeking a psychologist you feel comfortable with is as important as their skill and training. If I'm so honored to have you as my client, you'll find I utilize an integrated approach; a mix of gentle yet direct communication, mindfulness, cultural dynamics including family systems, psychoeducation, skill building using cognitive behavioral techniques, and of course explorative questions that help to uncover the emotional obstacles to your healing and progression in life.
(510) 953-5678 View (510) 953-5678
Photo of Sheron Gershelis, Pre-Licensed Professional in Oakland, CA
Sheron Gershelis
Pre-Licensed Professional, ASW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Are you struggling with work, relational, and life stressors that have overwhelmed you and you are unsure what to do next? You're trying to open the next chapter in your life, but your past traumas and anxiety stop you. This is where I come in and help guide you in making YOUR right decision. I will help you through your journey in becoming worry-free and assist you in processing unresolved feelings and learning healthy coping skills for emotional distress
Are you struggling with work, relational, and life stressors that have overwhelmed you and you are unsure what to do next? You're trying to open the next chapter in your life, but your past traumas and anxiety stop you. This is where I come in and help guide you in making YOUR right decision. I will help you through your journey in becoming worry-free and assist you in processing unresolved feelings and learning healthy coping skills for emotional distress
(415) 877-3405 View (415) 877-3405
Photo of Darius L Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Darius L Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94607  (Online Only)
Therapy is difficult enough without having to deal with stigma and a lack of understanding from your mental healthcare provider. I aim to meet my clients where they're at, supporting them with a warm, empathic, non-judgmental approach and delivering on functional and tangible strategies to navigate the myriad of challenges that life throws at them.
Therapy is difficult enough without having to deal with stigma and a lack of understanding from your mental healthcare provider. I aim to meet my clients where they're at, supporting them with a warm, empathic, non-judgmental approach and delivering on functional and tangible strategies to navigate the myriad of challenges that life throws at them.
(415) 216-0383 View (415) 216-0383
Photo of Steven Foster, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Steven Foster
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Hello! Welcome to my personal profile. I am Steve Foster, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist The majority of my experience has been in working with couples, married and otherwise, to improve communication in their relationships. "Taking the war out of words",and learning to take one another's perspective increase the likelihood of success in intimate relationships. I've also worked with those coping with substance dependency. I am a strong believer in the value of family, and in the power of living a clean and sober, recovery-centered life. Please feel free to call me to discuss your concerns.
Hello! Welcome to my personal profile. I am Steve Foster, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist The majority of my experience has been in working with couples, married and otherwise, to improve communication in their relationships. "Taking the war out of words",and learning to take one another's perspective increase the likelihood of success in intimate relationships. I've also worked with those coping with substance dependency. I am a strong believer in the value of family, and in the power of living a clean and sober, recovery-centered life. Please feel free to call me to discuss your concerns.
(415) 967-7940 View (415) 967-7940
Photo of Dave Rutschman, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Oakland, CA
Dave Rutschman
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Finding the right therapist can be hard. Maybe you're facing difficult experiences of grief and loss, serious illness, or family conflict. Maybe you're wrestling with depression or anxiety. Or maybe you just have a general sense that your life has lost meaning and direction. Whatever brings you in, I'll offer a warm-hearted and positive space for us to learn together about your particular situation, and about the possibilities for healing and transformation that can be found within it. Having someone to talk to makes a real difference.
Finding the right therapist can be hard. Maybe you're facing difficult experiences of grief and loss, serious illness, or family conflict. Maybe you're wrestling with depression or anxiety. Or maybe you just have a general sense that your life has lost meaning and direction. Whatever brings you in, I'll offer a warm-hearted and positive space for us to learn together about your particular situation, and about the possibilities for healing and transformation that can be found within it. Having someone to talk to makes a real difference.
(510) 662-0235 View (510) 662-0235
Photo of Heather Williams, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Heather Williams
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94607
Not accepting new clients
I am an interactive therapist. My therapeutic approach is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients effectively address personal life challenges. I integrate complementary methodologies (EMDR, Somatic therapy, Cognitive Behavioral therapy) and techniques to offer a highly personalized approach with each client. With compassion and understanding, I work with each individual to help them build on their strengths and attain the personal growth they are committed to accomplishing.
I am an interactive therapist. My therapeutic approach is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients effectively address personal life challenges. I integrate complementary methodologies (EMDR, Somatic therapy, Cognitive Behavioral therapy) and techniques to offer a highly personalized approach with each client. With compassion and understanding, I work with each individual to help them build on their strengths and attain the personal growth they are committed to accomplishing.
(510) 849-6831 View (510) 849-6831
Photo of Azad Galustian, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Azad Galustian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I have been working in the field of mental health for over 14 years and have extensive experience working with children, adolescent, adult and families in various settings and environments. I use a strengths-based approach and attempt to work with my clients on the topics and issues they want to and are ready to explore. I have extensive training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), Trauma focused CBT, and motivational interviewing.
I have been working in the field of mental health for over 14 years and have extensive experience working with children, adolescent, adult and families in various settings and environments. I use a strengths-based approach and attempt to work with my clients on the topics and issues they want to and are ready to explore. I have extensive training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), Trauma focused CBT, and motivational interviewing.
(510) 399-2253 View (510) 399-2253

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.