Therapists in Nashville, TN

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Photo of Hansell Holt, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Hansell Holt
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LPC, MHSP, (t)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37208
Being human. Along with the beautiful parts of life comes pain, struggle, and trauma. Everyone deserves a safe person with whom they can address these things and achieve real healing. Real relief. My first goal when beginning work with clients is to create that place where they can be their authentic selves...and feel accepted. To give them unconditional support without judgement. With this relationship formed, the deeper and holistic work can begin. Healing can happen. If you're struggling with self-esteem, trauma, mood disorders, substance use...or just struggling at all, we can work together to help you find peace.
Being human. Along with the beautiful parts of life comes pain, struggle, and trauma. Everyone deserves a safe person with whom they can address these things and achieve real healing. Real relief. My first goal when beginning work with clients is to create that place where they can be their authentic selves...and feel accepted. To give them unconditional support without judgement. With this relationship formed, the deeper and holistic work can begin. Healing can happen. If you're struggling with self-esteem, trauma, mood disorders, substance use...or just struggling at all, we can work together to help you find peace.
(615) 282-5351 View (615) 282-5351
Photo of Melissa Gordon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Melissa Gordon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LSSW, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
***Now Accepting New Clients***I believe we are all born to create legacies. The world needs a perspective, idea, insight, talent, and gift that only you can give or bring. Different adversities attempt to diminish our belief that this is true. I am a therapist whose focus centers on client self-empowerment and determination. My passion is working with individuals and groups to help them ritualize peace by creating coping mechanisms to face challenges and achieve goals. My practice aims to promote healing by facilitating the creation of new road maps to personal wellness.
***Now Accepting New Clients***I believe we are all born to create legacies. The world needs a perspective, idea, insight, talent, and gift that only you can give or bring. Different adversities attempt to diminish our belief that this is true. I am a therapist whose focus centers on client self-empowerment and determination. My passion is working with individuals and groups to help them ritualize peace by creating coping mechanisms to face challenges and achieve goals. My practice aims to promote healing by facilitating the creation of new road maps to personal wellness.
(615) 823-6749 View (615) 823-6749
Photo of Sarah Zetts, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Sarah Zetts
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
I am passionate about partnering and walking alongside my clients as they navigate vulnerable times in their lives. My goal is to build a safe and authentic relationship where clients feel accepted and understood. My approach is integrative, holistic, and relational. I also value creativity, humor, and warmth, and love to incorporate these elements into the work I do.
I am passionate about partnering and walking alongside my clients as they navigate vulnerable times in their lives. My goal is to build a safe and authentic relationship where clients feel accepted and understood. My approach is integrative, holistic, and relational. I also value creativity, humor, and warmth, and love to incorporate these elements into the work I do.
(615) 488-7743 View (615) 488-7743
Photo of Maryam Abdallah, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Maryam Abdallah
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
Overwhelmed and stressed by the thought of being "Superwoman" again? Time after time, you find yourself rescuing others and putting others before you. Leaving absolutely no time for yourself. Tired of constantly being the "Strong One?" Leaving yourself feeling drained and unfulfilled. At work, you go above and beyond but it goes unnoticed. At home, your days are filled with tasks that take up your entire day but you still feel unappreciated. Personally, you have told yourself that staying busy, overextending yourself and being the "Strong One" equals your success, value and worth.
Overwhelmed and stressed by the thought of being "Superwoman" again? Time after time, you find yourself rescuing others and putting others before you. Leaving absolutely no time for yourself. Tired of constantly being the "Strong One?" Leaving yourself feeling drained and unfulfilled. At work, you go above and beyond but it goes unnoticed. At home, your days are filled with tasks that take up your entire day but you still feel unappreciated. Personally, you have told yourself that staying busy, overextending yourself and being the "Strong One" equals your success, value and worth.
(615) 237-7520 View (615) 237-7520
Photo of Rebekah Garcia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Rebekah Garcia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
I believe in you. And I believe that everyone deserves to live a life full of meaning, purpose, hope, dignity and respect. We are all more than the worst things that have been done to us, and we are more than the worst things we have done. As a therapist, I create a space where it's safe to explore your story, and where you are encouraged to discover, grow, & give voice to your true self. Also, for those who are interested, I am able to incorporate my training as spiritual director to provide a non-judgmental space beyond ideology, that explores one's spiritual story, in order to provide full body, mind, and soul care.
I believe in you. And I believe that everyone deserves to live a life full of meaning, purpose, hope, dignity and respect. We are all more than the worst things that have been done to us, and we are more than the worst things we have done. As a therapist, I create a space where it's safe to explore your story, and where you are encouraged to discover, grow, & give voice to your true self. Also, for those who are interested, I am able to incorporate my training as spiritual director to provide a non-judgmental space beyond ideology, that explores one's spiritual story, in order to provide full body, mind, and soul care.
(615) 581-4024 View (615) 581-4024
Photo of NOCD - Therapists for OCD, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
NOCD - Therapists for OCD
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
(872) 206-9608 View (872) 206-9608
Photo of Mitzi L. Hines, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Mitzi L. Hines
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
My approach to therapy is eclectic, pulling from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness and Solution Focused Brief Therapy, among others. My style is interactive, casual and practical. The focus of therapy is creating positive changes that will increase satisfaction with life, relationships and self. Creating change is an active and dynamic process.
My approach to therapy is eclectic, pulling from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness and Solution Focused Brief Therapy, among others. My style is interactive, casual and practical. The focus of therapy is creating positive changes that will increase satisfaction with life, relationships and self. Creating change is an active and dynamic process.
(615) 442-3493 View (615) 442-3493
Photo of Sierra Tuck, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Sierra Tuck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37204  (Online Only)
Living in stressful times can make it feel like mental health has to be on the back burner but I believe in prioritizing joy and rest to endure what seems impossible. Using evidence-based, trauma-informed practices, I work with clients to find their true selves and help strip away external stressors so they feel prepared to take on life. I enjoy helping solo clients and any type of partner arrangement in navigating difficult conversations and establishing boundaries. It is normal for the therapy process to feel a bit intimidating but my sessions are informal and individually tailored. Neurodiverse? You'll be right at home!
Living in stressful times can make it feel like mental health has to be on the back burner but I believe in prioritizing joy and rest to endure what seems impossible. Using evidence-based, trauma-informed practices, I work with clients to find their true selves and help strip away external stressors so they feel prepared to take on life. I enjoy helping solo clients and any type of partner arrangement in navigating difficult conversations and establishing boundaries. It is normal for the therapy process to feel a bit intimidating but my sessions are informal and individually tailored. Neurodiverse? You'll be right at home!
(629) 258-8822 View (629) 258-8822
Photo of Cameron Clark, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Cameron Clark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, P-SEP, ERYT
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
I believe a balance of effort and ease is at the heart of our journey toward health and wellness. I bring a compassionately direct and playful approach to the work we do together, allowing the therapeutic relationship to become the container necessary to nurture a loving relationship with yourself.
I believe a balance of effort and ease is at the heart of our journey toward health and wellness. I bring a compassionately direct and playful approach to the work we do together, allowing the therapeutic relationship to become the container necessary to nurture a loving relationship with yourself.
(615) 265-6291 View (615) 265-6291
Photo of Cara Lindell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Cara Lindell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37205
Grief and heartbreak are part of life, but right now, you might be feeling like it's all too much to bear. You don't have to figure it all out on your own. I can help. Perhaps you or someone close to you is coping with a terminal illness or you're struggling after a loved one's death. Maybe you are experiencing another heartbreak, perhaps caused by a relationship or a trauma. Or, maybe you are struggling to find ways to love and accept yourself in a world that makes you feel less than.
Grief and heartbreak are part of life, but right now, you might be feeling like it's all too much to bear. You don't have to figure it all out on your own. I can help. Perhaps you or someone close to you is coping with a terminal illness or you're struggling after a loved one's death. Maybe you are experiencing another heartbreak, perhaps caused by a relationship or a trauma. Or, maybe you are struggling to find ways to love and accept yourself in a world that makes you feel less than.
(615) 538-0955 x702 View (615) 538-0955 x702
Photo of Heather Schow, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Heather Schow
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37215
Waitlist for new clients
I am so glad you have decided to take the brave step to start therapy! My goal is to give you a safe and accepting environment where we can work together to help you create the life you want to live. I believe many of our childhood experiences significantly affect how we think and what we do as we become adults and as your therapist, I will be a source of empathy and understanding as you work to process your thoughts and emotions. Ultimately, my hope is that our work together will promote you living an authentic life where you can embrace who you are, find healing, and experience personal growth.
I am so glad you have decided to take the brave step to start therapy! My goal is to give you a safe and accepting environment where we can work together to help you create the life you want to live. I believe many of our childhood experiences significantly affect how we think and what we do as we become adults and as your therapist, I will be a source of empathy and understanding as you work to process your thoughts and emotions. Ultimately, my hope is that our work together will promote you living an authentic life where you can embrace who you are, find healing, and experience personal growth.
(615) 623-8887 View (615) 623-8887
Photo of Brittney Wilcox, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Brittney Wilcox
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37215
Who are you? No really who are you underneath it all? Underneath the shame, the anxiety, the people-pleasing, the depression, and the long-lasting trauma? Your patterns tell a story, the way you carry yourself tells a story, the way you interact with others tell a story, and most importantly, the way you interact with yourself tells a story. Every intricate detail of your life tells a major story. Since childhood we have been embedded with ideas of who and what we are. By the time we reach adulthood we become a melting pot of ideas from society, family and social media. What do you have to say about you?
Who are you? No really who are you underneath it all? Underneath the shame, the anxiety, the people-pleasing, the depression, and the long-lasting trauma? Your patterns tell a story, the way you carry yourself tells a story, the way you interact with others tell a story, and most importantly, the way you interact with yourself tells a story. Every intricate detail of your life tells a major story. Since childhood we have been embedded with ideas of who and what we are. By the time we reach adulthood we become a melting pot of ideas from society, family and social media. What do you have to say about you?
(607) 400-8428 View (607) 400-8428
Photo of Natalie Terese Marshall, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Natalie Terese Marshall
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Are you a dedicated professional who is feeling the weight of burnout and the impact of witnessing trauma at work? You might feel anxious and depressed due to the high emotional stress of your job. I am a therapist specializing in supporting professionals like you. My mission is to be your trusted guide on your journey towards healing, resilience, and renewed passion for your vital work. You love what you do, but you need new tools to make your work sustainable.
Are you a dedicated professional who is feeling the weight of burnout and the impact of witnessing trauma at work? You might feel anxious and depressed due to the high emotional stress of your job. I am a therapist specializing in supporting professionals like you. My mission is to be your trusted guide on your journey towards healing, resilience, and renewed passion for your vital work. You love what you do, but you need new tools to make your work sustainable.
(615) 437-4393 View (615) 437-4393
Photo of Dr. Douglas Ribeiro, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Dr. Douglas Ribeiro
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
Seeking help is one of the most courageous things a human being can do. For this reason, I'm fully committed to the healing of those who entrust me with their most sensitive difficulties and problems.
Seeking help is one of the most courageous things a human being can do. For this reason, I'm fully committed to the healing of those who entrust me with their most sensitive difficulties and problems.
(629) 205-0581 View (629) 205-0581
Photo of NOCD - Therapists for OCD, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
NOCD - Therapists for OCD
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209  (Online Only)
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
(872) 231-3680 View (872) 231-3680
Photo of Brooke Morgan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Brooke Morgan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
Do you wish that food and eating didn't take up so much time and energy? Do you feel bound by stress every time you look in the mirror? If eating issues and body image distress is paramount in your life, I am here to help! I see clients that struggle with eating behaviors, including binging, restricting, purging, or simply feeling that food is a stressor that hinders them from enjoying meals on a day-to-day basis. Food isn't a problem, but you feel a lack of confidence in your appearance? I can help with that, too! Body image work is one of my specialities, as well.
Do you wish that food and eating didn't take up so much time and energy? Do you feel bound by stress every time you look in the mirror? If eating issues and body image distress is paramount in your life, I am here to help! I see clients that struggle with eating behaviors, including binging, restricting, purging, or simply feeling that food is a stressor that hinders them from enjoying meals on a day-to-day basis. Food isn't a problem, but you feel a lack of confidence in your appearance? I can help with that, too! Body image work is one of my specialities, as well.
(629) 206-2279 View (629) 206-2279
Photo of Sara Baldwin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Sara Baldwin
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215  (Online Only)
I provide services for men, women, and couples ages 16 years and up. Maybe you are struggling with a difficult decision, a loss, family issues, change or transition in your life, or have something that you want to talk about and process. I want to encourage you and remind you that whatever you are going through, however you feel, you do not have to be alone.
I provide services for men, women, and couples ages 16 years and up. Maybe you are struggling with a difficult decision, a loss, family issues, change or transition in your life, or have something that you want to talk about and process. I want to encourage you and remind you that whatever you are going through, however you feel, you do not have to be alone.
(615) 813-4894 View (615) 813-4894
Photo of Jess Mansell, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Jess Mansell
Counselor, MS, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
I work with those who suffer from high anxiety, trauma recovery, relational issues, grief, and interest in exploring self-identity. I also enjoy work with individual clients who seek help on their relationship. My goal as a therapist is to create and manage hope for change with you as a client. To teach you tools and skills that help you exercise agency in your every day life to move away from where you currently are and towards where you dream to be. I see clients from a space of wild curiosity, authenticity, and compassion, and hope that they too can one day be curious, authentic and compassionate towards self and towards others.
I work with those who suffer from high anxiety, trauma recovery, relational issues, grief, and interest in exploring self-identity. I also enjoy work with individual clients who seek help on their relationship. My goal as a therapist is to create and manage hope for change with you as a client. To teach you tools and skills that help you exercise agency in your every day life to move away from where you currently are and towards where you dream to be. I see clients from a space of wild curiosity, authenticity, and compassion, and hope that they too can one day be curious, authentic and compassionate towards self and towards others.
(615) 502-4479 View (615) 502-4479
Photo of Chelsea Bailey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Chelsea Bailey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37204
I believe we all have the intrinsic wisdom to know what we need to live balanced, fulfilling lives. Sometimes the behaviors and beliefs we learn to cope with overwhelming life experiences separate us from that wisdom. We learn to adapt in ways that help us survive. My hope is to provide a non-judgmental, compassionate setting to explore and address barriers to authentic living. I am trained in, and primarily work with, the internal family systems (IFS) model. IFS is a non-pathologizing, evidence-based model that helps us rediscover our authentic selves and explore our intricate systems.
I believe we all have the intrinsic wisdom to know what we need to live balanced, fulfilling lives. Sometimes the behaviors and beliefs we learn to cope with overwhelming life experiences separate us from that wisdom. We learn to adapt in ways that help us survive. My hope is to provide a non-judgmental, compassionate setting to explore and address barriers to authentic living. I am trained in, and primarily work with, the internal family systems (IFS) model. IFS is a non-pathologizing, evidence-based model that helps us rediscover our authentic selves and explore our intricate systems.
(615) 802-7075 View (615) 802-7075
Photo of Lillie Vandekar, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
Lillie Vandekar
Psychologist, PsyD, HSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Not accepting new clients
Whatever brings you to therapy, you’ve likely been struggling with it for some time and are seeking relief- trying to fix it, ignoring it, carrying it around with you. No matter what “it” is, you are more than your struggle. Whether you are feeling stuck, unsure, overwhelmed, depressed, anxious, or all the above, experience has taught me that people are resilient and things can change. Together we'll make sense of what you’re feeling and why, learn new ways of being, and discover more about yourself- giving you more choice, freedom, and clarity.
Whatever brings you to therapy, you’ve likely been struggling with it for some time and are seeking relief- trying to fix it, ignoring it, carrying it around with you. No matter what “it” is, you are more than your struggle. Whether you are feeling stuck, unsure, overwhelmed, depressed, anxious, or all the above, experience has taught me that people are resilient and things can change. Together we'll make sense of what you’re feeling and why, learn new ways of being, and discover more about yourself- giving you more choice, freedom, and clarity.
(615) 724-9341 View (615) 724-9341

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Nashville, TN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Nashville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Cigna and Evernorth
73% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Nashville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Nashville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.