Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Raelea Webster, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Raelea Webster
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19140  (Online Only)
Chronic illness, chronic pain, depression, or anxiety. Each of these have their own way of zapping our energy and enjoyment in life. These culprits tell us lies about ourselves and keep us from living our greatest potential. Maybe you've been faced with unforeseen circumstances, this is not the life you envisioned, and you're left wondering where to begin. It's hard to tell if or when you're making progress because life just doesn't look the same as it used to and you're left comparing yourself to others.
Chronic illness, chronic pain, depression, or anxiety. Each of these have their own way of zapping our energy and enjoyment in life. These culprits tell us lies about ourselves and keep us from living our greatest potential. Maybe you've been faced with unforeseen circumstances, this is not the life you envisioned, and you're left wondering where to begin. It's hard to tell if or when you're making progress because life just doesn't look the same as it used to and you're left comparing yourself to others.
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Kaylyn Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hi there! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in central-Pennsylvania. I obtained my Bachelor's from Susquehanna University and my Master's from the University of South Carolina. I have been practicing since 2019 independently, but have been working in the mental health field since 2017. I help individuals learn healthy communication skills, emotional regulation, coping skills, and processing past and/or present events to help them enjoy their lives and achieve their goals.
Hi there! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in central-Pennsylvania. I obtained my Bachelor's from Susquehanna University and my Master's from the University of South Carolina. I have been practicing since 2019 independently, but have been working in the mental health field since 2017. I help individuals learn healthy communication skills, emotional regulation, coping skills, and processing past and/or present events to help them enjoy their lives and achieve their goals.
(484) 613-3592 View (484) 613-3592
Photo of Laura York, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Laura York
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I specialize in food, eating, and weight concerns, as well as anxiety-related disorders and depression-related disorders. I practice and teach from a body neutrality framework, support health at every size, and encourage intuitive eating practices. I am trained in mindfulness practice and often incorporate this into the therapeutic process.
I specialize in food, eating, and weight concerns, as well as anxiety-related disorders and depression-related disorders. I practice and teach from a body neutrality framework, support health at every size, and encourage intuitive eating practices. I am trained in mindfulness practice and often incorporate this into the therapeutic process.
(484) 739-9258 View (484) 739-9258
Photo of Mike Butera, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Mike Butera
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Supporting the mental and relational wellness of individuals, couples, and families, I provide unique and creative ways to guide therapy participants through the inevitable challenges of life. I hold space for a collaborative, culturally sensitive, and trauma-informed therapeutic experience that is tailored to each person and relationship. Through an atmosphere composed of curiosity and compassion, I aim to promote emotional safety and relational attunement in the therapy room.
Supporting the mental and relational wellness of individuals, couples, and families, I provide unique and creative ways to guide therapy participants through the inevitable challenges of life. I hold space for a collaborative, culturally sensitive, and trauma-informed therapeutic experience that is tailored to each person and relationship. Through an atmosphere composed of curiosity and compassion, I aim to promote emotional safety and relational attunement in the therapy room.
(484) 316-7813 x4346 View (484) 316-7813 x4346
Photo of Nicole Reiff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Nicole Reiff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I want to help you realize your potential & live a happy and fulfilling life. I strive to help people feel comfortable with the therapy process & feel hope that things can be better. I use a non-judgmental, curious, & accepting approach. I believe therapy is a partnership. Only you are the expert in your life; my role is to facilitate, support, teach, and hold space for you to do the work of changing. If you are depressed, anxious, or struggling with self-esteem or a toxic relationship; I can help. We will work together to identify what needs to change and how to make these changes.
I want to help you realize your potential & live a happy and fulfilling life. I strive to help people feel comfortable with the therapy process & feel hope that things can be better. I use a non-judgmental, curious, & accepting approach. I believe therapy is a partnership. Only you are the expert in your life; my role is to facilitate, support, teach, and hold space for you to do the work of changing. If you are depressed, anxious, or struggling with self-esteem or a toxic relationship; I can help. We will work together to identify what needs to change and how to make these changes.
(484) 291-7933 View (484) 291-7933
Photo of Kaitlin Wallick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Kaitlin Wallick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hi there! My name is Kaitlin, I am Licensed in Pennsylvania, and I have 5 years of professional clinical experience working with clients of diverse backgrounds and diagnoses in both outpatient and inpatient settings. While I specialize in working with children and adolescents, I welcome clients of nearly all ages into a session with me. I am passionate about working with clients in the LGBTQ+ community, on the Autism spectrum, and those who identify as traumatized persons simply trying to survive this thing called life. My main goal during each session is to provide you with a safe space for vulnerability, process, and growth.
Hi there! My name is Kaitlin, I am Licensed in Pennsylvania, and I have 5 years of professional clinical experience working with clients of diverse backgrounds and diagnoses in both outpatient and inpatient settings. While I specialize in working with children and adolescents, I welcome clients of nearly all ages into a session with me. I am passionate about working with clients in the LGBTQ+ community, on the Autism spectrum, and those who identify as traumatized persons simply trying to survive this thing called life. My main goal during each session is to provide you with a safe space for vulnerability, process, and growth.
(484) 372-4054 View (484) 372-4054
Photo of James Ellerbe, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
James Ellerbe
Pre-Licensed Professional, MAR, MSOL
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19126  (Online Only)
Assistance in life is often needed and desired but seldom sought. There is a place of hope for the heart and a person who wants to find their way. When we get out of our way, we find freedom from suffering and begin to embrace the change, transition, and transformation to a new reality of life. The new life is freedom from the silent conversation from within, seeking relief sometimes from self and dealing with the burdens of life.
Assistance in life is often needed and desired but seldom sought. There is a place of hope for the heart and a person who wants to find their way. When we get out of our way, we find freedom from suffering and begin to embrace the change, transition, and transformation to a new reality of life. The new life is freedom from the silent conversation from within, seeking relief sometimes from self and dealing with the burdens of life.
(215) 598-6603 View (215) 598-6603
Photo of Elby Katumkeeryil, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Elby Katumkeeryil
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Some experiences cannot be put into words and yet their impact lasts a lifetime. Tendrils of that impact are apparent in most aspects of our lives. I specialize in working with such experiences, whether you call it traumatic, something else, or nothing at all. I have had years of experience in crisis management, interpersonal relationship building, and coping skills support, all from a culturally-informed perspective. My culture does influence my perspective and responses in life so I hold people’s cultural identity as central to their therapy.
Some experiences cannot be put into words and yet their impact lasts a lifetime. Tendrils of that impact are apparent in most aspects of our lives. I specialize in working with such experiences, whether you call it traumatic, something else, or nothing at all. I have had years of experience in crisis management, interpersonal relationship building, and coping skills support, all from a culturally-informed perspective. My culture does influence my perspective and responses in life so I hold people’s cultural identity as central to their therapy.
(267) 209-0266 View (267) 209-0266
Photo of Mimiko Watanabe, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Mimiko Watanabe
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19110  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
As a person whose experiences and identities do not fit neatly into categories, I have encountered the challenges of navigating a society that operates on the assumption that ‘one size fits all’ works for everyone. I strive to create a different kind of space in my therapeutic approach. I view therapy as a collaborative process, recognizing that each unique individual requires different kinds of support, which can change over time. I am a multiracial (half white and half Japanese), cisgender, queer woman, with an immigrant parent and firsthand understanding of the complexities of navigating a multicultural family.
As a person whose experiences and identities do not fit neatly into categories, I have encountered the challenges of navigating a society that operates on the assumption that ‘one size fits all’ works for everyone. I strive to create a different kind of space in my therapeutic approach. I view therapy as a collaborative process, recognizing that each unique individual requires different kinds of support, which can change over time. I am a multiracial (half white and half Japanese), cisgender, queer woman, with an immigrant parent and firsthand understanding of the complexities of navigating a multicultural family.
(484) 283-2234 View (484) 283-2234
Photo of Richard Brewer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Richard Brewer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Every conversation makes a difference. The differences may be subtle or they can be life-changing. I work in a direct and warm manner, creating an environment that is dynamic and safe. The therapeutic relationship is a very important one and can provide the basis for navigating through difficult life transitions, improving communication skills, healing from a loss, or exploring possibilities for enhancing one's life.
Every conversation makes a difference. The differences may be subtle or they can be life-changing. I work in a direct and warm manner, creating an environment that is dynamic and safe. The therapeutic relationship is a very important one and can provide the basis for navigating through difficult life transitions, improving communication skills, healing from a loss, or exploring possibilities for enhancing one's life.
(215) 764-5728 View (215) 764-5728
Photo of Megan Pelko - Handspring Health (Insurance Accepted!), Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Megan Pelko - Handspring Health (Insurance Accepted!)
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107  (Online Only)
Handspring is a modern mental health clinic that provides personalized, evidence-based behavioral care for children, adolescents, and young adults. We currently serve children ages 8-18 and young adults ages 18-24 who are looking for treatment for anxiety, depression, or behavioral difficulties. Our therapeutic approaches include CBT, DBT, organizational skills training, behavior therapy, exposure & response prevention, and parent management training.
Handspring is a modern mental health clinic that provides personalized, evidence-based behavioral care for children, adolescents, and young adults. We currently serve children ages 8-18 and young adults ages 18-24 who are looking for treatment for anxiety, depression, or behavioral difficulties. Our therapeutic approaches include CBT, DBT, organizational skills training, behavior therapy, exposure & response prevention, and parent management training.
(267) 494-6376 View (267) 494-6376
Photo of Britt DeLine, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Britt DeLine
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19146  (Online Only)
I hope you are here because you are ready to make yourself a priority. This might be the first thing you’ve done for yourself in a long time. Congratulations. I am excited to start this work together, whether that is to learn to better take care of yourself and your happiness; work through lows, grief, stressors or anxiousness; or process a relationship or career you are struggling with. Whatever brings you here, I offer you a nonjudgmental listening ear, support, feedback and help to achieve your goals. Therapy takes time, you have to be willing to put in some work inside and outside of our time together, but know you are worth it!
I hope you are here because you are ready to make yourself a priority. This might be the first thing you’ve done for yourself in a long time. Congratulations. I am excited to start this work together, whether that is to learn to better take care of yourself and your happiness; work through lows, grief, stressors or anxiousness; or process a relationship or career you are struggling with. Whatever brings you here, I offer you a nonjudgmental listening ear, support, feedback and help to achieve your goals. Therapy takes time, you have to be willing to put in some work inside and outside of our time together, but know you are worth it!
(267) 214-4286 View (267) 214-4286
Photo of Joshua Weiss, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Joshua Weiss
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I am a licensed professional counselor with a Gestalt and Holistic Wellness approach towards therapy. Gestalt and Wellness approaches allow me to be creative and intentional with my therapeutic practices. I value human connectedness and learning about each person I work with. Therapy is unique to everyone, and my goal is to guide the therapeutic experience with the intention of promoting personal growth. Life has it’s hardships, my passion is helping people lean into their discomforts to develop the skills needed to overcome them.
I am a licensed professional counselor with a Gestalt and Holistic Wellness approach towards therapy. Gestalt and Wellness approaches allow me to be creative and intentional with my therapeutic practices. I value human connectedness and learning about each person I work with. Therapy is unique to everyone, and my goal is to guide the therapeutic experience with the intention of promoting personal growth. Life has it’s hardships, my passion is helping people lean into their discomforts to develop the skills needed to overcome them.
(484) 646-2762 View (484) 646-2762
Photo of Jessica Henninger, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Jessica Henninger
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Everyone gets stuck sometimes, and everyone can benefit from learning more about themselves. That is why I strive to empower people to develop goals, identify potential barriers, and explore strategies to pursue what is most important to them in life. Whether you are looking for support to better manage stress, improve mood, process trauma, cope with anxiety, gain insight or simply improve overall wellness, I will meet you were you are, and we will work to reduce your symptoms and help you live a life that is in line with your values.
Everyone gets stuck sometimes, and everyone can benefit from learning more about themselves. That is why I strive to empower people to develop goals, identify potential barriers, and explore strategies to pursue what is most important to them in life. Whether you are looking for support to better manage stress, improve mood, process trauma, cope with anxiety, gain insight or simply improve overall wellness, I will meet you were you are, and we will work to reduce your symptoms and help you live a life that is in line with your values.
(484) 209-1840 View (484) 209-1840
Photo of Holistic Psychotherapy with Cole, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Holistic Psychotherapy with Cole
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSEd, P-LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19125
Through a client centered approach, I incorporate an existential orientation to empower and support clients in gaining a more holistic state of mental, emotional, and physical well-being. I am an IFS and CBT informed practitioner that leans on nature based interventions and mindfulness/trauma-informed stress reduction tools when needed. I tend to attract clients who are looking for a warmhearted and open-minded clinician who is affirming to neurodiversity and alternative lifestyles, while being participatory in the therapeutic process.
Through a client centered approach, I incorporate an existential orientation to empower and support clients in gaining a more holistic state of mental, emotional, and physical well-being. I am an IFS and CBT informed practitioner that leans on nature based interventions and mindfulness/trauma-informed stress reduction tools when needed. I tend to attract clients who are looking for a warmhearted and open-minded clinician who is affirming to neurodiversity and alternative lifestyles, while being participatory in the therapeutic process.
(215) 618-9641 View (215) 618-9641
Photo of Michael Rodriguez - Handspring Health (Insurance Accepted!, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Michael Rodriguez - Handspring Health (Insurance Accepted!
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107  (Online Only)
Handspring is a modern mental health clinic that provides personalized, evidence-based behavioral care for children, adolescents, and young adults. We currently serve children ages 10-18 and young adults ages 18-24 who are looking for treatment for anxiety, depression, or behavioral difficulties. Our therapeutic approaches include CBT, DBT, organizational skills training, behavior therapy, exposure & response prevention, and parent management training.
Handspring is a modern mental health clinic that provides personalized, evidence-based behavioral care for children, adolescents, and young adults. We currently serve children ages 10-18 and young adults ages 18-24 who are looking for treatment for anxiety, depression, or behavioral difficulties. Our therapeutic approaches include CBT, DBT, organizational skills training, behavior therapy, exposure & response prevention, and parent management training.
(267) 517-8715 View (267) 517-8715
Photo of Demeko Freeman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Demeko Freeman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MMT, LPC, MT-BC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119
Take a moment and visualize your life as a garden, influenced by various individuals and experiences that have shaped its landscape. You may notice aspects of your garden that no longer align with your desires—a tangle of vines choking your flowers or plants that no longer serve you. Maybe you have yearning to create a garden that truly reflects who you are and are unsure of what you want to grow. Some sections of your garden are thriving and others aren't. Whether there is that type of knowing or its processing an adverse event(s), you have an awareness that your "garden" isn't as full as you want it to be.
Take a moment and visualize your life as a garden, influenced by various individuals and experiences that have shaped its landscape. You may notice aspects of your garden that no longer align with your desires—a tangle of vines choking your flowers or plants that no longer serve you. Maybe you have yearning to create a garden that truly reflects who you are and are unsure of what you want to grow. Some sections of your garden are thriving and others aren't. Whether there is that type of knowing or its processing an adverse event(s), you have an awareness that your "garden" isn't as full as you want it to be.
(267) 313-5836 View (267) 313-5836
Photo of Amanda Labedz, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Amanda Labedz
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19146  (Online Only)
Hello, I am Amanda Labedz! I am a Master of Social Work student at Ohio State University. Whether the ebbs, flows or rogue rough waves of life brought you to this moment – you are not alone. I applaud your courage for taking this step toward your journey to healing and would be honored to hear your unique story while providing a safe and compassionate space for you to do so.
Hello, I am Amanda Labedz! I am a Master of Social Work student at Ohio State University. Whether the ebbs, flows or rogue rough waves of life brought you to this moment – you are not alone. I applaud your courage for taking this step toward your journey to healing and would be honored to hear your unique story while providing a safe and compassionate space for you to do so.
(267) 310-1346 View (267) 310-1346
Photo of Matthew CP Purinton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Matthew CP Purinton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Matt is a client-centered therapist, who, meeting his clients where they are, helps them to develop and accomplish their goals. He utilizes a systems-based conceptualization of group behavior to help his clients deal with issues in their work and home lives. Utilizing an eclectic blend of interventions to customize treatment to the client's needs, Matt helps his clients develop insights about themselves and their life circumstances, allowing them to discover new coping skills and uncover hidden resources. Matt helps all of his clients overcome their obstacles, develop resiliency, and think outside the box.
Matt is a client-centered therapist, who, meeting his clients where they are, helps them to develop and accomplish their goals. He utilizes a systems-based conceptualization of group behavior to help his clients deal with issues in their work and home lives. Utilizing an eclectic blend of interventions to customize treatment to the client's needs, Matt helps his clients develop insights about themselves and their life circumstances, allowing them to discover new coping skills and uncover hidden resources. Matt helps all of his clients overcome their obstacles, develop resiliency, and think outside the box.
(215) 253-6197 x3135 View (215) 253-6197 x3135
Photo of Patrick Farrell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Patrick Farrell
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19134  (Online Only)
Finding balance in life can be tough. Stressors that come with everyday living can be difficult to manage and take away from feelings of fulfillment. My role is to find strategies to get in touch with what it means to be you. Our experiences are unique and mold us into who we are today. My approach takes this into account by using various mindfulness techniques, expressive art therapies, and strength-based approaches to get to know yourself. I practice with a trauma sensitive lens which makes for an inclusive and compassionate atmosphere. Therapy works best when feeling heard and accepted and this is the foundation of my approach.
Finding balance in life can be tough. Stressors that come with everyday living can be difficult to manage and take away from feelings of fulfillment. My role is to find strategies to get in touch with what it means to be you. Our experiences are unique and mold us into who we are today. My approach takes this into account by using various mindfulness techniques, expressive art therapies, and strength-based approaches to get to know yourself. I practice with a trauma sensitive lens which makes for an inclusive and compassionate atmosphere. Therapy works best when feeling heard and accepted and this is the foundation of my approach.
(215) 634-9807 View (215) 634-9807

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.