Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Jennifer Rivera, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Jennifer Rivera
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825  (Online Only)
As a therapist, my style embodies a warm, curious, and open approach. My focus is to create a space for you to feel welcomed and one that fosters the emotional safety to be authentically yourself. I believe that therapy can be a process of self-discovery and empowerment, while also providing and teaching the tools to address the stressors and challenges of life. I am here to support you on your journey and while my approach is gentle, I am also your biggest advocate and will provide the accountability to reach your goals and to create the life you envision for yourself.
As a therapist, my style embodies a warm, curious, and open approach. My focus is to create a space for you to feel welcomed and one that fosters the emotional safety to be authentically yourself. I believe that therapy can be a process of self-discovery and empowerment, while also providing and teaching the tools to address the stressors and challenges of life. I am here to support you on your journey and while my approach is gentle, I am also your biggest advocate and will provide the accountability to reach your goals and to create the life you envision for yourself.
(916) 313-2947 View (916) 313-2947
Photo of Jim Adams, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Jim Adams
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
My approach to psychotherapy is based on a relational model. I have found this model to be necessary for permanent change. How people relate to others is formed in the relationship patterns they experienced as a child. We spend years learning how to behave in certain ways, and it can take some time and effort to learn new ways to interact with others. Further, for lasting change, we must experience new ways of interacting with others; in short, a therapist. If you have questions about how my approach to therapy might be helpful to you, please contact me. Thanks.
My approach to psychotherapy is based on a relational model. I have found this model to be necessary for permanent change. How people relate to others is formed in the relationship patterns they experienced as a child. We spend years learning how to behave in certain ways, and it can take some time and effort to learn new ways to interact with others. Further, for lasting change, we must experience new ways of interacting with others; in short, a therapist. If you have questions about how my approach to therapy might be helpful to you, please contact me. Thanks.
(916) 775-3940 View (916) 775-3940
Photo of Rene' Reis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Rene' Reis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Not accepting new clients
I have been providing therapy for over 20 years with individuals, couples, families and groups. My areas of interest and specialty are developmental, emotional and physical trauma and/or abuse, sexuality and gender identity and grief. My style is to support while challenging people. My passion and mission statement is to validate: emotions, thoughts and behaviors are normal; what we decide to do with these daily experiences is what allows us to be happy and enjoy life and our relationships.
I have been providing therapy for over 20 years with individuals, couples, families and groups. My areas of interest and specialty are developmental, emotional and physical trauma and/or abuse, sexuality and gender identity and grief. My style is to support while challenging people. My passion and mission statement is to validate: emotions, thoughts and behaviors are normal; what we decide to do with these daily experiences is what allows us to be happy and enjoy life and our relationships.
(916) 571-0566 View (916) 571-0566
Photo of Dr. Frances Furio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Dr. Frances Furio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95819
Not accepting new clients
Hello! My name is Frances Furio, PsyD, LCSW (she/her). I am an instructor, licensed clinician, and qualitative researcher interested in understanding people’s lived experiences and highlighting the strength and resiliency of communities that continue to face barriers and injustice. I am especially passionate about the promotion of equity, inclusion, and peaceful and progressive social work practice. I have an eclectic approach to therapy and change, and select modalities based on the unique person in front of me. Psychoanalytic, cognitive, narrative, systems, and feminist/queer theory are some of the theoretical frameworks applied.
Hello! My name is Frances Furio, PsyD, LCSW (she/her). I am an instructor, licensed clinician, and qualitative researcher interested in understanding people’s lived experiences and highlighting the strength and resiliency of communities that continue to face barriers and injustice. I am especially passionate about the promotion of equity, inclusion, and peaceful and progressive social work practice. I have an eclectic approach to therapy and change, and select modalities based on the unique person in front of me. Psychoanalytic, cognitive, narrative, systems, and feminist/queer theory are some of the theoretical frameworks applied.
(916) 252-1454 View (916) 252-1454
Photo of Jinnie Wong-Martinusen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Jinnie Wong-Martinusen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
Congratulations on taking this first step towards re-authoring your life. In my practice I avoid labeling as much as possible, as the negative labels we assign ourselves often hold us back. I have a diverse experience and have found that it is important for me to be diverse with my approach. I will meet you where you are and be creative with my interventions. You are unique and so our work together shall be. Come as you are and without judgments we will move you on the path of health and wellness towards your goals.
Congratulations on taking this first step towards re-authoring your life. In my practice I avoid labeling as much as possible, as the negative labels we assign ourselves often hold us back. I have a diverse experience and have found that it is important for me to be diverse with my approach. I will meet you where you are and be creative with my interventions. You are unique and so our work together shall be. Come as you are and without judgments we will move you on the path of health and wellness towards your goals.
(916) 919-8857 View (916) 919-8857
Photo of Kimberlin Borca Leon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kimberlin Borca Leon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95820  (Online Only)
I help teens and adults whose emotional pain manifests as deep emotional hurt and sensitivity to specific situations, overwhelm, conflict in close relationships—even violent or suicidal thoughts and behaviors. If you're looking for a safe person who can help you in address the root causes of these experiences, while offering guidance on ways to feel better today, we might be a good fit. For parents interested in therapy for teens, I take a family-centered approach centered on increasing safety, wellness, and connection for the entire family.
I help teens and adults whose emotional pain manifests as deep emotional hurt and sensitivity to specific situations, overwhelm, conflict in close relationships—even violent or suicidal thoughts and behaviors. If you're looking for a safe person who can help you in address the root causes of these experiences, while offering guidance on ways to feel better today, we might be a good fit. For parents interested in therapy for teens, I take a family-centered approach centered on increasing safety, wellness, and connection for the entire family.
(916) 352-6059 View (916) 352-6059
Photo of Justin Altman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Justin Altman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95827  (Online Only)
If you are reading this, it likely means something in your life is not going well; maybe you’re having relationship troubles, you’re having trouble getting motivated to do the things you need to do, or perhaps you just don’t feel satisfied with your life. You’ve probably tried fixing this on your own, but have run into a wall. I know the feeling – I’ve been there, and I know how beneficial it can be to get some help. Whatever your goals are – to develop or repair your relationships, reduce the impact of trauma, alleviate symptoms like depression or anxiety, or to learn about yourself and improve life satisfaction – I’m here for you.
If you are reading this, it likely means something in your life is not going well; maybe you’re having relationship troubles, you’re having trouble getting motivated to do the things you need to do, or perhaps you just don’t feel satisfied with your life. You’ve probably tried fixing this on your own, but have run into a wall. I know the feeling – I’ve been there, and I know how beneficial it can be to get some help. Whatever your goals are – to develop or repair your relationships, reduce the impact of trauma, alleviate symptoms like depression or anxiety, or to learn about yourself and improve life satisfaction – I’m here for you.
(916) 866-3538 View (916) 866-3538
Photo of Renee Bond, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Sacramento, CA
Renee Bond
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
Being a human is hard. Sometimes we need a little help to get back on track to our truest self. Together we will forge a powerful partnership learning new tools creating a safe intentional way of being. If you’re a sensitive and probably overwhelmed human ready for a reset, this is the place for you.
Being a human is hard. Sometimes we need a little help to get back on track to our truest self. Together we will forge a powerful partnership learning new tools creating a safe intentional way of being. If you’re a sensitive and probably overwhelmed human ready for a reset, this is the place for you.
(530) 627-2196 View (530) 627-2196
Photo of Catriona Macrae, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Catriona Macrae
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
I view the path of therapy as a gentle exploration of the fullness of emotional experience, opening to suffering and grief as well as appreciation of the joyful moments. I offer an attachment based, holistic, and humanistic approach to therapy, seeing you as a complex whole person with the innate capacity to heal. Guided by compassion, curiosity, connection and courage within the therapeutic relationship, I work from a trauma-sensitive perspective and it is my intention to create a safe space for all races and cultures. I am allied with LGBTQIA+ folks and come from a sex positive perspective.
I view the path of therapy as a gentle exploration of the fullness of emotional experience, opening to suffering and grief as well as appreciation of the joyful moments. I offer an attachment based, holistic, and humanistic approach to therapy, seeing you as a complex whole person with the innate capacity to heal. Guided by compassion, curiosity, connection and courage within the therapeutic relationship, I work from a trauma-sensitive perspective and it is my intention to create a safe space for all races and cultures. I am allied with LGBTQIA+ folks and come from a sex positive perspective.
(530) 322-8883 View (530) 322-8883
Photo of Juan Gomez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Juan Gomez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Congratulations! You have Chosen to make one of the bravest and most difficult decisions we can make as human beings; to take charge of your mental health. Here to help guide you through that journey of healing and acceptance is Juan Gomez. Juan is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 5 Years of experience as a therapist treating ailments such as ADHD, Anxiety/Panic disorders, Behavioral Issues, Developmental Disabilities, Depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Sexual and Physical Abuse and childhood Traumas. Juan also specializes family dysfunction and familial Relationships and works with clients 12+ years.
Congratulations! You have Chosen to make one of the bravest and most difficult decisions we can make as human beings; to take charge of your mental health. Here to help guide you through that journey of healing and acceptance is Juan Gomez. Juan is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 5 Years of experience as a therapist treating ailments such as ADHD, Anxiety/Panic disorders, Behavioral Issues, Developmental Disabilities, Depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Sexual and Physical Abuse and childhood Traumas. Juan also specializes family dysfunction and familial Relationships and works with clients 12+ years.
(916) 347-9499 View (916) 347-9499
Photo of Rebecca Shepherd, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Rebecca Shepherd
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Do you want to experience life with less burdensome patterns getting in the way, meet challenges with less anxiety, and heal from limiting self-criticism and shame? I will help you meet all of the parts of yourself with reverence and compassion as we tend to the wounds that are ready for healing.
Do you want to experience life with less burdensome patterns getting in the way, meet challenges with less anxiety, and heal from limiting self-criticism and shame? I will help you meet all of the parts of yourself with reverence and compassion as we tend to the wounds that are ready for healing.
(916) 249-1805 View (916) 249-1805
Photo of Jake De La Hoya-Garden, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Jake De La Hoya-Garden
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
Jake’s CBT/Solution Focused style is interactive and fun while honoring his client’s relationships, helping them discover what is truly needed from these relationships and inspiring them to live authentically. Jake has years of practicing in county mental health agencies as an MFT Trainee & AMFT. Currently, Jake is an AMFT being supervised by Jennifer L. Flood (LMFT 98661) at a group private practice located in Campus Commons in Sacramento, CA. Jake enjoys working with clients to allow them to discover their full potential & regain control by giving self grace throughout this journey of life.
Jake’s CBT/Solution Focused style is interactive and fun while honoring his client’s relationships, helping them discover what is truly needed from these relationships and inspiring them to live authentically. Jake has years of practicing in county mental health agencies as an MFT Trainee & AMFT. Currently, Jake is an AMFT being supervised by Jennifer L. Flood (LMFT 98661) at a group private practice located in Campus Commons in Sacramento, CA. Jake enjoys working with clients to allow them to discover their full potential & regain control by giving self grace throughout this journey of life.
(916) 295-6274 View (916) 295-6274
Photo of Harvey Hyman, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Sacramento, CA
Harvey Hyman
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
I am the right therapist for you if you are an adult suffering from old childhood trauma, PTSD, ADHD, depression, personal anxiety, social anxiety with loneliness, OCD, difficulty feeling and expressing emotions, prolonged grief, inability to find meaning and purpose in life, difficulty being vulnerable, having relationship problems with your spouse, partner or children, people-pleasing, codependency, inability to prioritize your needs, feelings, and interests, and loss of curiosity, fun or adventure. I am currently accepting new clients.
I am the right therapist for you if you are an adult suffering from old childhood trauma, PTSD, ADHD, depression, personal anxiety, social anxiety with loneliness, OCD, difficulty feeling and expressing emotions, prolonged grief, inability to find meaning and purpose in life, difficulty being vulnerable, having relationship problems with your spouse, partner or children, people-pleasing, codependency, inability to prioritize your needs, feelings, and interests, and loss of curiosity, fun or adventure. I am currently accepting new clients.
(916) 398-2618 View (916) 398-2618
Photo of Marirose Occhiogrosso, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Marirose Occhiogrosso
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95826  (Online Only)
If you have the willingness to consider new perspectives, collaborate, and take small positive actions, let's connect. For the last 16 years, I’ve specialized in treating adults struggling with eating disorders and co-occurring conditions. Recovery from eating disorders, depression, and anxiety is a process not an event. I will help you make those changes. I bring curiosity, compassion, as well as active support to sessions. We’ll focus on your strengths, expand on these, and learn new skills and strategies, to build a better life.
If you have the willingness to consider new perspectives, collaborate, and take small positive actions, let's connect. For the last 16 years, I’ve specialized in treating adults struggling with eating disorders and co-occurring conditions. Recovery from eating disorders, depression, and anxiety is a process not an event. I will help you make those changes. I bring curiosity, compassion, as well as active support to sessions. We’ll focus on your strengths, expand on these, and learn new skills and strategies, to build a better life.
(279) 400-1506 View (279) 400-1506
Photo of Rosemary MacLaughlin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Rosemary MacLaughlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Therapy is an important step in a person's life, one that takes courage, awareness and careful thought. As a practicing psychotherapist for the last 15 years, I find it a privilege and honor to work with clients as they grow and learn about themselves and their lives. I believe it can be a wonderful opportunity to explore and move towards what is meaningful to you in your life. I also believe firmly that the therapist-client relationship is an important aspect in allowing for effective change and I strive to provide a warm, supportive and trusting environment throughout the process.
Therapy is an important step in a person's life, one that takes courage, awareness and careful thought. As a practicing psychotherapist for the last 15 years, I find it a privilege and honor to work with clients as they grow and learn about themselves and their lives. I believe it can be a wonderful opportunity to explore and move towards what is meaningful to you in your life. I also believe firmly that the therapist-client relationship is an important aspect in allowing for effective change and I strive to provide a warm, supportive and trusting environment throughout the process.
(916) 297-4561 View (916) 297-4561
Photo of Ursula Lewis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Ursula Lewis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95831
Are you feeling disconnected from the important people in your life? Does your life feel overwhelming or out of control ? Are you worried about your marriage or relationship ? Do you feel overwhelmed with being a parent & wonder if you are doing a "good enough" job? Are you frustrated you can't kick certain compulsive or addictive habits? Are you still affected by past traumatic experiences ? I know this can feel tiring and overwhelming. Let me help. You don't have to feel like this any longer.
Are you feeling disconnected from the important people in your life? Does your life feel overwhelming or out of control ? Are you worried about your marriage or relationship ? Do you feel overwhelmed with being a parent & wonder if you are doing a "good enough" job? Are you frustrated you can't kick certain compulsive or addictive habits? Are you still affected by past traumatic experiences ? I know this can feel tiring and overwhelming. Let me help. You don't have to feel like this any longer.
(530) 303-7013 View (530) 303-7013
Photo of Jennifer Nordstrand, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Jennifer Nordstrand
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California. I have been a medical social worker for about 30 years and have worked in every capacity in the medical field.
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California. I have been a medical social worker for about 30 years and have worked in every capacity in the medical field.
(657) 837-2332 View (657) 837-2332
Photo of Clay Collaborative Therapy Practice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Clay Collaborative Therapy Practice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814
We see you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, and disconnected from your emotions. You're simultaneously worried about the state of the world and paralyzed from information overload. We see our kids struggling with feelings of insecurity and perfectionism, compounded by the stress of social media and looming fears about the future. We want to help you find more calm and greater peace through a deeper understanding of yourself.
We see you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, and disconnected from your emotions. You're simultaneously worried about the state of the world and paralyzed from information overload. We see our kids struggling with feelings of insecurity and perfectionism, compounded by the stress of social media and looming fears about the future. We want to help you find more calm and greater peace through a deeper understanding of yourself.
(279) 202-9374 View (279) 202-9374
Photo of La Tanya Takla, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
La Tanya Takla
Psychologist, EdD, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95815
Today you're a step closer to making meaningful changes in your life and carving your own path toward growth, fulfillment, and well-being. As a solution-focused therapist, I'll collaborate with and support you to cope more effectively with anxiety and depression, uncover and develop your potential, build a sense of belonging and strengthen healthy relationships, and accomplish what's uniquely important to you. While you can't change what's happened in the past, it's never too late to reach a better understanding of the life patterns that are limiting you and begin to create a better life aligned with your values and goals.
Today you're a step closer to making meaningful changes in your life and carving your own path toward growth, fulfillment, and well-being. As a solution-focused therapist, I'll collaborate with and support you to cope more effectively with anxiety and depression, uncover and develop your potential, build a sense of belonging and strengthen healthy relationships, and accomplish what's uniquely important to you. While you can't change what's happened in the past, it's never too late to reach a better understanding of the life patterns that are limiting you and begin to create a better life aligned with your values and goals.
(916) 945-9669 View (916) 945-9669
Photo of Kelsey Mitchell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kelsey Mitchell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Vulnerability is the birthplace of innovation, creativity and change. Brené Brown As a clinician, Kelsey believes in the importance of human relationships and in the dignity and worth of each person. She has been working in the mental health field for over 5 years doing individual therapy with kids ages 1218 and young adults up to age 30. Kelsey specializes in school stressors, anxiety, depression, trauma, and drug/alcohol related challenges. Additionally, Kelsey has experience navigating school and county resources such as probation and CPS.
Vulnerability is the birthplace of innovation, creativity and change. Brené Brown As a clinician, Kelsey believes in the importance of human relationships and in the dignity and worth of each person. She has been working in the mental health field for over 5 years doing individual therapy with kids ages 1218 and young adults up to age 30. Kelsey specializes in school stressors, anxiety, depression, trauma, and drug/alcohol related challenges. Additionally, Kelsey has experience navigating school and county resources such as probation and CPS.
(916) 378-1566 View (916) 378-1566

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aetna
63% Cigna and Evernorth
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.