Therapists in New Bern, NC

Photo of Jenifer Gonzalez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Bern, NC
Jenifer Gonzalez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCAS, CCS
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28562
09.01.23 - Practice accepting new clients! You have been through some things - things you choose not to talk about. You have been dealing with things in your own way, but it’s not working anymore. You need a place where you can talk. You want to know you won’t be judged. You want support and understanding. You are tired of these thoughts and memories coming up over and over. You are ready to move on from the nightmares, anger issues, anxiety, depression, and feeling stressed out. You want to have healthy relationships and be able to actually live life, instead of just making it.
09.01.23 - Practice accepting new clients! You have been through some things - things you choose not to talk about. You have been dealing with things in your own way, but it’s not working anymore. You need a place where you can talk. You want to know you won’t be judged. You want support and understanding. You are tired of these thoughts and memories coming up over and over. You are ready to move on from the nightmares, anger issues, anxiety, depression, and feeling stressed out. You want to have healthy relationships and be able to actually live life, instead of just making it.
(252) 297-6076 View (252) 297-6076
Photo of Sam Davidson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Bern, NC
Sam Davidson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAS
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28560  (Online Only)
I am very passionate about a lot of things but I specialize in trauma, anxiety, interpersonal skills, and the LGBTQIA+ community. I have worked with all age groups and provide therapy for both individuals and couples. I enjoy back-and-forth conversations with open and constructive feedback as well as education on different conditions and how they present. I aim to help you meet your personal goals in therapy to build coping skills, understanding and confidence to address concerns or issues in your life.
I am very passionate about a lot of things but I specialize in trauma, anxiety, interpersonal skills, and the LGBTQIA+ community. I have worked with all age groups and provide therapy for both individuals and couples. I enjoy back-and-forth conversations with open and constructive feedback as well as education on different conditions and how they present. I aim to help you meet your personal goals in therapy to build coping skills, understanding and confidence to address concerns or issues in your life.
(252) 429-4657 View (252) 429-4657
Photo of First Wave Coastal Counseling Services PLLC, Counselor in New Bern, NC
First Wave Coastal Counseling Services PLLC
Counselor, MS, LCMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28560
Do you find life overwhelming at times and afraid of the next “storm” coming? Do you sometimes wake up wishing the day was already over? Do you question if life will ever get any better than this? Do you feel misunderstood, unheard, or disconnected from other important people in your life? Life doesn’t have to be this difficult. And you shouldn’t have to walk this journey alone. Populations I primarily serve include both adolescents (ages 11+) and adults. I also identify as an LGBTQIA ally.
Do you find life overwhelming at times and afraid of the next “storm” coming? Do you sometimes wake up wishing the day was already over? Do you question if life will ever get any better than this? Do you feel misunderstood, unheard, or disconnected from other important people in your life? Life doesn’t have to be this difficult. And you shouldn’t have to walk this journey alone. Populations I primarily serve include both adolescents (ages 11+) and adults. I also identify as an LGBTQIA ally.
(252) 254-2496 View (252) 254-2496
Photo of Angela Cobb Ellis, LCSW Associate in New Bern, NC
Angela Cobb Ellis
LCSW Associate , LCSW-A, MSW
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28562
Navigating life and its challenges can be overwhelming. Many times, we feel that we must figure it out alone. You don't, I am here to help support you on your path of healing. I am here to offer services to empower and inspire clients to help them live their best life. I believe in creating a safe, secure, and nonjudgmental atmosphere. It is my goal to provide you with the emotional support needed.
Navigating life and its challenges can be overwhelming. Many times, we feel that we must figure it out alone. You don't, I am here to help support you on your path of healing. I am here to offer services to empower and inspire clients to help them live their best life. I believe in creating a safe, secure, and nonjudgmental atmosphere. It is my goal to provide you with the emotional support needed.
(252) 494-4701 View (252) 494-4701
Photo of Jessica Whittington, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Bern, NC
Jessica Whittington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28562
I am accepting NEW clients including teens and adults in person and telehealth. My specialties are getting to the root of depression, anxiety, stress, emotional regulation, and interpersonal relationship struggles. I help people through things such as grief, psychosis and suicidal ideation. I meet you where you are in life and help you identify the barriers preventing you from experiencing wellbeing. I work with each client in resolving various issues using a specialized combination of evidence-based clinical interventions tailored to provide appropriate care for a wide range of emotional, psychiatric, and/or behavior concerns.
I am accepting NEW clients including teens and adults in person and telehealth. My specialties are getting to the root of depression, anxiety, stress, emotional regulation, and interpersonal relationship struggles. I help people through things such as grief, psychosis and suicidal ideation. I meet you where you are in life and help you identify the barriers preventing you from experiencing wellbeing. I work with each client in resolving various issues using a specialized combination of evidence-based clinical interventions tailored to provide appropriate care for a wide range of emotional, psychiatric, and/or behavior concerns.
(252) 618-6340 View (252) 618-6340
Photo of Jessica Fuller Therapy, PLLC., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Bern, NC
Jessica Fuller Therapy, PLLC.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28562
Currently accepting new clients (BCBS, Medcost,and self pay). I am a licensed clinical social worker, addictions specialist, and trauma specialist who works with adults and adolescence (16+) with trauma (PTSD), addiction, depression, anxiety, and other diagnosis. I am trained in providing brainspotting as a progressive form of therapy intervention to treat all things from PTSD to mental blocks with sports. I integrate other trauma informed approaches as each individual has unique goals and complex needs. Together, lets work towards better understanding the course of your symptoms and finding solutions to bring you to your best self.
Currently accepting new clients (BCBS, Medcost,and self pay). I am a licensed clinical social worker, addictions specialist, and trauma specialist who works with adults and adolescence (16+) with trauma (PTSD), addiction, depression, anxiety, and other diagnosis. I am trained in providing brainspotting as a progressive form of therapy intervention to treat all things from PTSD to mental blocks with sports. I integrate other trauma informed approaches as each individual has unique goals and complex needs. Together, lets work towards better understanding the course of your symptoms and finding solutions to bring you to your best self.
(252) 336-9692 View (252) 336-9692
Photo of Tara Leigh Wynant, Counselor in New Bern, NC
Tara Leigh Wynant
Counselor, MA, LCMHC-A
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28562
Waitlist for new clients
Hello, my name is Tara Wynant. As a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor with a Master’s degree from Liberty University, I bring a wealth of experience in supporting diverse populations. My journey in the helping professions spans from early childhood education to ministry, equipping me with deep empathy and a practical understanding of the challenges individuals face My philosophy centers around creating a non-judgmental space where safety, comfort, and compassion are paramount, allowing clients to explore their feelings and navigate their struggles effectively.
Hello, my name is Tara Wynant. As a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor with a Master’s degree from Liberty University, I bring a wealth of experience in supporting diverse populations. My journey in the helping professions spans from early childhood education to ministry, equipping me with deep empathy and a practical understanding of the challenges individuals face My philosophy centers around creating a non-judgmental space where safety, comfort, and compassion are paramount, allowing clients to explore their feelings and navigate their struggles effectively.
(252) 645-6426 View (252) 645-6426
Photo of Lisa Boyette, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate in New Bern, NC
Lisa Boyette
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate, MS, LCMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Bern, NC 28560
Life can seem overwhelming at times. Are you going through a major life transition? Do you wrestle with anxiety, fear or depression? Have you been through a recent loss, illness or family conflict? Feelings of sadness, anxiety and fear can be both physically and emotionally exhausting and can leave us feeling like we cannot move forward. I can provide you with strategies, tools and healthy coping skills to help you process your loss and manage your anxiety and fears.
Life can seem overwhelming at times. Are you going through a major life transition? Do you wrestle with anxiety, fear or depression? Have you been through a recent loss, illness or family conflict? Feelings of sadness, anxiety and fear can be both physically and emotionally exhausting and can leave us feeling like we cannot move forward. I can provide you with strategies, tools and healthy coping skills to help you process your loss and manage your anxiety and fears.
(252) 650-5634 View (252) 650-5634
Photo of Kelsey Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Bern, NC
Kelsey Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Bern, NC 28560
I have worked with individuals throughout many different life stages and events in an attempt to improve their quality of life. It is my goal to meet clients where they are currently at in the therapeutic process and work with them to help meet their goals. I have experience working with all ages to include children/adolescents, teens, adults, and older adults. I utilize a trauma informed, strengths based perspective with my clients to assist with an array of challenges and strive to identify an effective and appropriate evidence based clinical intervention with clients.
I have worked with individuals throughout many different life stages and events in an attempt to improve their quality of life. It is my goal to meet clients where they are currently at in the therapeutic process and work with them to help meet their goals. I have experience working with all ages to include children/adolescents, teens, adults, and older adults. I utilize a trauma informed, strengths based perspective with my clients to assist with an array of challenges and strive to identify an effective and appropriate evidence based clinical intervention with clients.
(252) 595-5579 View (252) 595-5579
Photo of Donna H Wolff, LPA, Psychological Services, PLLC, Psychological Associate in New Bern, NC
Donna H Wolff, LPA, Psychological Services, PLLC
Psychological Associate, LPA, HSP
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28560
You’re already walking down the path of wellness. You’re here, reading this, which means you have intentionally taken the necessary steps toward prioritizing your health of both mind and body. Change can be challenging. Every person and situation are unique and requires strategies that work for them. Using a mixture of proven therapeutic techniques, we will work together to find the best approach that fits with your lifestyle and goals. With compassion, authenticity, and accountability we can get you closer to your goals and achieve them.
You’re already walking down the path of wellness. You’re here, reading this, which means you have intentionally taken the necessary steps toward prioritizing your health of both mind and body. Change can be challenging. Every person and situation are unique and requires strategies that work for them. Using a mixture of proven therapeutic techniques, we will work together to find the best approach that fits with your lifestyle and goals. With compassion, authenticity, and accountability we can get you closer to your goals and achieve them.
(252) 632-8232 View (252) 632-8232
Photo of Natalie Newton Johnston Pain Management, Psychologist in New Bern, NC
Natalie Newton Johnston Pain Management
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28562
Cognitive-behavioral, individualized therapy approaches. I am part of our excellent pain clinic team, but I also treat stress, anxiety and depression issues unrelated to chronic pain. Please be aware that psychologists are required to report abuse of dependent persons or minors. Please do NOT leave personal issue information in your email or voicemail as a symptom will suffice such as "grief" or "anxiety." You will be contacted by our front desk. Thank you.
Cognitive-behavioral, individualized therapy approaches. I am part of our excellent pain clinic team, but I also treat stress, anxiety and depression issues unrelated to chronic pain. Please be aware that psychologists are required to report abuse of dependent persons or minors. Please do NOT leave personal issue information in your email or voicemail as a symptom will suffice such as "grief" or "anxiety." You will be contacted by our front desk. Thank you.
(252) 713-4723 View (252) 713-4723
Photo of Deborah Ashway, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in New Bern, NC
Deborah Ashway
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MS, LCMHC, LCAS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New Bern, NC 28562
EMDR Trained and Certified. Many people find themselves stuck in unconscious patterns that obstruct success, joy and the life they were meant to live. I work with you in exploring your daily patterns and how your experiences may have shaped you. After careful assessment, we work together to establish minor adjustments that set you on a course of optimal balance. Small changes can have profound effects. We target the root of the emotions, which have positive results in enhancing self-confidence, relationships, career, success, and ultimately bringing you back to your highest, most authentic self where you can experience true joy.
EMDR Trained and Certified. Many people find themselves stuck in unconscious patterns that obstruct success, joy and the life they were meant to live. I work with you in exploring your daily patterns and how your experiences may have shaped you. After careful assessment, we work together to establish minor adjustments that set you on a course of optimal balance. Small changes can have profound effects. We target the root of the emotions, which have positive results in enhancing self-confidence, relationships, career, success, and ultimately bringing you back to your highest, most authentic self where you can experience true joy.
(252) 424-0630 View (252) 424-0630
Photo of Phallon Dayvault, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New Bern, NC
Phallon Dayvault
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSWA
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28562
Accepting New Clients - I am a strengths-based therapist providing multiple treatment methods for my clients treating them with respect, acceptance, and understanding. I believe it is important to build a strong therapeutic relationship with my clients to ensure the best outcomes. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life, especially children and teens.
Accepting New Clients - I am a strengths-based therapist providing multiple treatment methods for my clients treating them with respect, acceptance, and understanding. I believe it is important to build a strong therapeutic relationship with my clients to ensure the best outcomes. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life, especially children and teens.
(252) 592-6495 View (252) 592-6495
Photo of John Edwin Carroll, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Bern, NC
John Edwin Carroll
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, EdS, LCMHCS
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28562
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety or is your child struggling with behavior because of attention issues? I would love to work with you and your family to see positive change. I work with children, adolescents and adults from 6-65.
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety or is your child struggling with behavior because of attention issues? I would love to work with you and your family to see positive change. I work with children, adolescents and adults from 6-65.
(252) 629-5965 View (252) 629-5965
Photo of R. David Morrow, Marriage & Family Therapist in New Bern, NC
R. David Morrow
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28562
Accepting New Clients: Is your dream of living happily ever after with your spouse becoming a frustrating nightmare? Does your conflict with your spouse devolve into criticism of each other? Do you feel like you are constantly defending yourself and developing feelings of contempt for your spouse? Has communication almost completely stopped? Have you or your spouse had an affair or been unfaithful by spending time, energy, and financial resources on things that do not represent the commitments you made to each other? If so, I hear you, and I have been there.
Accepting New Clients: Is your dream of living happily ever after with your spouse becoming a frustrating nightmare? Does your conflict with your spouse devolve into criticism of each other? Do you feel like you are constantly defending yourself and developing feelings of contempt for your spouse? Has communication almost completely stopped? Have you or your spouse had an affair or been unfaithful by spending time, energy, and financial resources on things that do not represent the commitments you made to each other? If so, I hear you, and I have been there.
(252) 254-2983 View (252) 254-2983
Photo of Destiny Kutkuhn, LCSW Associate in New Bern, NC
Destiny Kutkuhn
LCSW Associate, MSW, LCSW-A
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28562
I am a dedicated mental health professional committed to supporting you through your struggles. I understand that facing challenges related to mood disorders, anxiety, depression, or other mental health diagnoses can be an overwhelming and isolating experience. I want you to know that you don't have to navigate this journey alone.
I am a dedicated mental health professional committed to supporting you through your struggles. I understand that facing challenges related to mood disorders, anxiety, depression, or other mental health diagnoses can be an overwhelming and isolating experience. I want you to know that you don't have to navigate this journey alone.
(252) 675-6616 View (252) 675-6616
Photo of Compassion Counseling Center ENC, PC, Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Supervisor in New Bern, NC
Compassion Counseling Center ENC, PC
Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Supervisor, DMin, MAEd, LCMHCS, NBCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New Bern, NC 28562
I have worked as a therapist for 23 years in various settings and have been licensed since 2006. As a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor/Supervisor, I have provided family, couple and individual counseling for adults. I am EMDR trained. I address parenting skills, marital issues, trauma, mood disorders, behavior disorders, thought disorders, career concerns, and spiritual concerns. As a professional Christian counselor, I believe that the Lord has the power to heal marriages, families, and individuals using Jesus as our example of how to live life and find perfect peace.
I have worked as a therapist for 23 years in various settings and have been licensed since 2006. As a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor/Supervisor, I have provided family, couple and individual counseling for adults. I am EMDR trained. I address parenting skills, marital issues, trauma, mood disorders, behavior disorders, thought disorders, career concerns, and spiritual concerns. As a professional Christian counselor, I believe that the Lord has the power to heal marriages, families, and individuals using Jesus as our example of how to live life and find perfect peace.
(252) 648-7175 View (252) 648-7175
Photo of Christine Krysa, Licensed Professional Counselor in New Bern, NC
Christine Krysa
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHCS, NCC
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28562
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in mood disorders, anxiety disorders, stress management, and relationship concerns. I believe that you are the expert on yourself, your relationships, and your world. My role as a therapist is to empower you to make the changes that you want to make in order to improve the quality of your life. I will strive to provide you with a safe and comfortable space in which you can build upon the strengths you already have. My goal will be to help you to gain insight into your thoughts and feelings, to determine your goals and values, and to learn the skills necessary to reach these goals.
I specialize in mood disorders, anxiety disorders, stress management, and relationship concerns. I believe that you are the expert on yourself, your relationships, and your world. My role as a therapist is to empower you to make the changes that you want to make in order to improve the quality of your life. I will strive to provide you with a safe and comfortable space in which you can build upon the strengths you already have. My goal will be to help you to gain insight into your thoughts and feelings, to determine your goals and values, and to learn the skills necessary to reach these goals.
(252) 501-9576 View (252) 501-9576
Photo of Roots to Blooms Counseling PLLC , Counselor in New Bern, NC
Roots to Blooms Counseling PLLC
Counselor, LCMHCS , LCAS, CCS, LPC
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28562  (Online Only)
I HAVE OPENINGS FOR NEW CLIENTS!! Are you feeling stuck? Do you feel trapped by your strong emotional reactions? Are you feeling alone and disconnected in your relationship? Anxious or not good enough? We all have moments in our lives when we need support, and we are not meant to suffer alone. There is no shame in reaching out for help. I help clients work through current struggles & emotional pain by so they can experience calm, self-compassion, freedom and meaning in their lives.
I HAVE OPENINGS FOR NEW CLIENTS!! Are you feeling stuck? Do you feel trapped by your strong emotional reactions? Are you feeling alone and disconnected in your relationship? Anxious or not good enough? We all have moments in our lives when we need support, and we are not meant to suffer alone. There is no shame in reaching out for help. I help clients work through current struggles & emotional pain by so they can experience calm, self-compassion, freedom and meaning in their lives.
(252) 336-9687 View (252) 336-9687
Photo of Andrea Nicole Barnett, Counselor in New Bern, NC
Andrea Nicole Barnett
Counselor, LCMHCA
Verified Verified
New Bern, NC 28562  (Online Only)
I attended and graduated from Liberty University where I earned my master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I concentrated in Christian Studies while at ECU as well as Liberty. I have worked with clients of different ages, races, religions, and genders. I have also worked with clients who have a variety of diagnoses, which includes but is not limited to anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, adjustment disorders, trauma etc.
I attended and graduated from Liberty University where I earned my master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I concentrated in Christian Studies while at ECU as well as Liberty. I have worked with clients of different ages, races, religions, and genders. I have also worked with clients who have a variety of diagnoses, which includes but is not limited to anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, adjustment disorders, trauma etc.
(252) 421-5755 View (252) 421-5755

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New Bern, NC

100+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in New Bern, NC who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
74% Coping Skills
74% Stress
73% Self Esteem
66% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Aetna
66% MedCost

How Therapists in New Bern, NC see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

88% Female
12% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New Bern?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.