Therapists in York, PA

Photo of Breathe Christian Art Therapy & Therapeutic Svcs., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in York, PA
Breathe Christian Art Therapy & Therapeutic Svcs.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
York, PA 17401
You know you need help, but don’t know who to talk to or if talking will even change anything. You’ve experienced a trauma and you are tired of talking about it, but you don’t want to feel “that feeling" anymore. You know that something is wrong, but you can’t seem to put words to it. Or maybe you have been to therapy before and just talking about it didn’t seem to help. Perhaps your child is not behaving in school like he or she used to, they’re no longer talking, grades are falling and their getting into fights. Maybe your family just doesn’t get it, if you could just do or be what they want things will be ok, but there not.
You know you need help, but don’t know who to talk to or if talking will even change anything. You’ve experienced a trauma and you are tired of talking about it, but you don’t want to feel “that feeling" anymore. You know that something is wrong, but you can’t seem to put words to it. Or maybe you have been to therapy before and just talking about it didn’t seem to help. Perhaps your child is not behaving in school like he or she used to, they’re no longer talking, grades are falling and their getting into fights. Maybe your family just doesn’t get it, if you could just do or be what they want things will be ok, but there not.
(717) 883-6187 View (717) 883-6187
Photo of Danille Bowman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in York, PA
Danille Bowman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
York, PA 17402
Not accepting new clients
Healing and finding inner peace is a life long journey, premised on the notion that "Nothing changes if nothing changes". I enjoy working with individuals who are ready to challenge issues such as anxiety, trauma, conflict with family, and old scripts and old tapes that are no longer serving them in everyday life. I enjoy individuals who are active participants in their treatment process and who value growth, resilience, and the journey into change and recovery. Come as you are and we'll work toward where you want to be.
Healing and finding inner peace is a life long journey, premised on the notion that "Nothing changes if nothing changes". I enjoy working with individuals who are ready to challenge issues such as anxiety, trauma, conflict with family, and old scripts and old tapes that are no longer serving them in everyday life. I enjoy individuals who are active participants in their treatment process and who value growth, resilience, and the journey into change and recovery. Come as you are and we'll work toward where you want to be.
(717) 769-4527 View (717) 769-4527
Photo of Mija Serrano | Anxiety | Trauma | Pennsylvania |, Licensed Professional Counselor in York, PA
Mija Serrano | Anxiety | Trauma | Pennsylvania |
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
York, PA 17404  (Online Only)
For too long, you've felt overwhelmed & burned out with what's happening in your life. You might be seeing it at home: you are feeling irritated with your partner & family. You don't feel good enough with your part of household responsibilities. Perhaps it’s at work: you can’t concentrate & it’s harder to keep up with all of your responsibilities like you used to. Maybe you are experiencing tension within your body & it feels so hard to relax. You are suffering & you are not sure how to get through it. No matter how these things are showing up for you, I am here to help you feel heard & to build the skills to get you through this!
For too long, you've felt overwhelmed & burned out with what's happening in your life. You might be seeing it at home: you are feeling irritated with your partner & family. You don't feel good enough with your part of household responsibilities. Perhaps it’s at work: you can’t concentrate & it’s harder to keep up with all of your responsibilities like you used to. Maybe you are experiencing tension within your body & it feels so hard to relax. You are suffering & you are not sure how to get through it. No matter how these things are showing up for you, I am here to help you feel heard & to build the skills to get you through this!
(717) 510-1640 View (717) 510-1640
Photo of Darrell L Wilt, Marriage & Family Therapist in York, PA
Darrell L Wilt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
York, PA 17403
Whether it's your marriage, your personal life, or your professional goals, you can be sure that I will help you find solutions to your problems and help you discover how to overcome the challenges in your life. I customize my style to fit yours, so that you have the best opportunity to learn, grow, and succeed. I offer more than a conversation through the use of role-playing and visual technologies, to include marker board illustrations to demonstrate key concepts so that you see what is being discussed in order to improve your understanding.
Whether it's your marriage, your personal life, or your professional goals, you can be sure that I will help you find solutions to your problems and help you discover how to overcome the challenges in your life. I customize my style to fit yours, so that you have the best opportunity to learn, grow, and succeed. I offer more than a conversation through the use of role-playing and visual technologies, to include marker board illustrations to demonstrate key concepts so that you see what is being discussed in order to improve your understanding.
(717) 467-4274 View (717) 467-4274
Photo of Authentic Therapy Services LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in York, PA
Authentic Therapy Services LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
York, PA 17401  (Online Only)
Authentic Therapy Services provides neurodiversity- affirming, LGBTQIA-affirming, and trauma- informed virtual mental health counseling and assessment services for clients 18+ in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Owned by an openly Autistic and ADHD therapist, Authentic Therapy Services offers person-centered support guided by values of authenticity, curiosity, compassion, and self-advocacy that prioritizes clients as the ultimate authority on their own lived experiences. Practice specializations include Autism, ADHD, late diagnosis/identification, complex trauma, demand avoidance, neurodivergent burnout recovery, and identity exploration.
Authentic Therapy Services provides neurodiversity- affirming, LGBTQIA-affirming, and trauma- informed virtual mental health counseling and assessment services for clients 18+ in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Owned by an openly Autistic and ADHD therapist, Authentic Therapy Services offers person-centered support guided by values of authenticity, curiosity, compassion, and self-advocacy that prioritizes clients as the ultimate authority on their own lived experiences. Practice specializations include Autism, ADHD, late diagnosis/identification, complex trauma, demand avoidance, neurodivergent burnout recovery, and identity exploration.
(717) 510-1369 View (717) 510-1369
Photo of Tyler Bishop, Pre-Licensed Professional in York, PA
Tyler Bishop
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
York, PA 17402
Check your spam folder if you send a message or email but do not receive a response! Are you nervous about getting help? Do you think therapy can't or won't help you? Are you worried that you aren't doing enough as a parent or that you don't know what to do? Nervousness is normal, and thinking you're beyond help is when reaching out for help is the best thing you can do. As for children, I've seen and been on the receiving end of many behaviors for several years, and I still love working with them. Needing help is not a sign of weakness, it's a sign of awareness. Learning how to manage your symptoms means you're trying.
Check your spam folder if you send a message or email but do not receive a response! Are you nervous about getting help? Do you think therapy can't or won't help you? Are you worried that you aren't doing enough as a parent or that you don't know what to do? Nervousness is normal, and thinking you're beyond help is when reaching out for help is the best thing you can do. As for children, I've seen and been on the receiving end of many behaviors for several years, and I still love working with them. Needing help is not a sign of weakness, it's a sign of awareness. Learning how to manage your symptoms means you're trying.
(717) 912-8392 View (717) 912-8392
Photo of Crystal Derose, Licensed Professional Counselor in York, PA
Crystal Derose
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
York, PA 17402  (Online Only)
Welcome! My name is Crystal DeRose and I'm a Licensed Professional Counsellor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. I received my Masters from Millersville University and have been practicing for 11 years.
Welcome! My name is Crystal DeRose and I'm a Licensed Professional Counsellor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. I received my Masters from Millersville University and have been practicing for 11 years.
(484) 900-8906 View (484) 900-8906
Photo of Kimberly McGhee EMDR - Trauma - Art Therapist, Licensed Professional Counselor in York, PA
Kimberly McGhee EMDR - Trauma - Art Therapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
York, PA 17403
Are you feeling trapped or is your past casting a shadow over your present happiness? Does fear, anxiety, or past traumas hinder your ability to embrace joy and achieve the success you crave? As a clinically trained EMDR therapist, board-certified and registered art therapist, and licensed professional counselor in York, PA, I'm dedicated to supporting individuals just like you. Utilizing diverse trauma processing techniques, mindfulness practices, avenues for creative expression, and non-verbal/bottom-up approaches, I empower my clients to recognize their strengths, alleviate PTSD symptoms, gain insight, and improve self-esteem.
Are you feeling trapped or is your past casting a shadow over your present happiness? Does fear, anxiety, or past traumas hinder your ability to embrace joy and achieve the success you crave? As a clinically trained EMDR therapist, board-certified and registered art therapist, and licensed professional counselor in York, PA, I'm dedicated to supporting individuals just like you. Utilizing diverse trauma processing techniques, mindfulness practices, avenues for creative expression, and non-verbal/bottom-up approaches, I empower my clients to recognize their strengths, alleviate PTSD symptoms, gain insight, and improve self-esteem.
(717) 990-7741 View (717) 990-7741
Photo of Alison Acker (Merrifield), Licensed Professional Counselor in York, PA
Alison Acker (Merrifield)
Licensed Professional Counselor, CAADC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
York, PA 17402  (Online Only)
Life is complicated and fast moving. Life on life’s terms sometimes feels impossible to try and keep up. No one is immune to changes. It’s hard to accept and roll with the punches when your brain is telling you one thing, but your system/intuition is pulling you in the other direction. That feels scary and unfamiliar, maybe even causing you to miss out on life and all the possibilities hidden behind closed doors. Let me help you tear down those walls built by fear and kick open those doors to new possibilities. I embrace many therapy styles that can be compatible with what you need.
Life is complicated and fast moving. Life on life’s terms sometimes feels impossible to try and keep up. No one is immune to changes. It’s hard to accept and roll with the punches when your brain is telling you one thing, but your system/intuition is pulling you in the other direction. That feels scary and unfamiliar, maybe even causing you to miss out on life and all the possibilities hidden behind closed doors. Let me help you tear down those walls built by fear and kick open those doors to new possibilities. I embrace many therapy styles that can be compatible with what you need.
(717) 964-4979 View (717) 964-4979
Photo of Psychological Services of York, LLC, Psychologist in York, PA
Psychological Services of York, LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
York, PA 17408
Our team at Psychological Services of York, LLC has a diverse background of expertise. Our highly trained experts perform neuropsychological evaluations, psycho-educational assessments, forensic evaluations, Autism assessment, and child custody evaluations. We also provide a variety of treatment modalities including but not limited to biofeedback, mindfulness strategies, family and individual psychotherapy, and executive functioning coaching. We provide guidance for parents, and consult with educators and schools regarding how to best facilitate the development of children.
Our team at Psychological Services of York, LLC has a diverse background of expertise. Our highly trained experts perform neuropsychological evaluations, psycho-educational assessments, forensic evaluations, Autism assessment, and child custody evaluations. We also provide a variety of treatment modalities including but not limited to biofeedback, mindfulness strategies, family and individual psychotherapy, and executive functioning coaching. We provide guidance for parents, and consult with educators and schools regarding how to best facilitate the development of children.
(717) 297-0893 View (717) 297-0893
Photo of Arrow Counseling Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in York, PA
Arrow Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
York, PA 17403
There are many complicated issues and painful situations in today's world . . . Whether reconciling relationships, working through a difficult experience or managing personal issues, my passion is to help families, individuals, couples, adolescents and children find direction and healing that will last a lifetime.
There are many complicated issues and painful situations in today's world . . . Whether reconciling relationships, working through a difficult experience or managing personal issues, my passion is to help families, individuals, couples, adolescents and children find direction and healing that will last a lifetime.
(717) 850-9370 View (717) 850-9370
Photo of Sabra N Madsen, Psychologist in York, PA
Sabra N Madsen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
York, PA 17402
I am a doctorate level, licensed psychologist trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with over twenty years of experience. Services provided include outpatient therapy, psychological testing, neuropsychological testing, concussion management, and behavioral medicine treatment. For psychotherapy, I am most comfortable working with ages eighteen and up. For testing, we work with children as young as six. My approach is genuine, goal-directed and warm. If you are looking for a psychologist who is energetic, warm, and structured, we would most likely work well together. Feel free to call if you have any questions before setting up an appointment.
I am a doctorate level, licensed psychologist trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with over twenty years of experience. Services provided include outpatient therapy, psychological testing, neuropsychological testing, concussion management, and behavioral medicine treatment. For psychotherapy, I am most comfortable working with ages eighteen and up. For testing, we work with children as young as six. My approach is genuine, goal-directed and warm. If you are looking for a psychologist who is energetic, warm, and structured, we would most likely work well together. Feel free to call if you have any questions before setting up an appointment.
(717) 589-4304 View (717) 589-4304
Photo of George Kocman, Psychologist in York, PA
George Kocman
Psychologist, MS
Verified Verified
York, PA 17404  (Online Only)
Anxiety, stress, depression, and other difficulties of life can be opportunities for growth. Counseling can help you manage or overcome those obstacles by understanding how your thoughts influence your emotions and behaviors. As a well seasoned psychologist, I will work with you towards your goals, helping you achieve what you set out to do in our therapy sessions. Together we will address your mental health concerns through counseling and psychotherapy.
Anxiety, stress, depression, and other difficulties of life can be opportunities for growth. Counseling can help you manage or overcome those obstacles by understanding how your thoughts influence your emotions and behaviors. As a well seasoned psychologist, I will work with you towards your goals, helping you achieve what you set out to do in our therapy sessions. Together we will address your mental health concerns through counseling and psychotherapy.
(717) 500-3635 View (717) 500-3635
Photo of Dr. Debra Doubrava - Emdr Trauma And Play Focused, Licensed Professional Counselor in York, PA
Dr. Debra Doubrava - Emdr Trauma And Play Focused
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, RPT-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
York, PA 17403  (Online Only)
Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle.- John Watson...I am humbled & honored to have over 30 years experience working with clients of all ages & stages to lead more authentic, joyful, & peace-filled lives. I am an integrative, attachment focused & trauma-informed play therapist - inspired by theories grounded in client-centered, family systems, humanistic, Imago, mindfulness, & parts work. I enjoy working with a wide range of issues & diverse backgrounds in the human experience including LGBTQIA2S+. We all need to be truly seen and heard AND it is courageous and wise to seek help as we journey through life & love!
Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle.- John Watson...I am humbled & honored to have over 30 years experience working with clients of all ages & stages to lead more authentic, joyful, & peace-filled lives. I am an integrative, attachment focused & trauma-informed play therapist - inspired by theories grounded in client-centered, family systems, humanistic, Imago, mindfulness, & parts work. I enjoy working with a wide range of issues & diverse backgrounds in the human experience including LGBTQIA2S+. We all need to be truly seen and heard AND it is courageous and wise to seek help as we journey through life & love!
(717) 301-4263 View (717) 301-4263
Photo of Randy Reimold in York, PA
Randy Reimold
LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
York, PA 17402
Is your life lacking the Peace, Joy, and Love that is promised in Scripture? Are your strategies to find them not working, or worse, causing even more problems? Emotional distress and relational difficulties are a normal part of life... we won't get away from them completely in this lifetime. Are your strategies to avoid them not working, or worse, causing even more problems?
Is your life lacking the Peace, Joy, and Love that is promised in Scripture? Are your strategies to find them not working, or worse, causing even more problems? Emotional distress and relational difficulties are a normal part of life... we won't get away from them completely in this lifetime. Are your strategies to avoid them not working, or worse, causing even more problems?
(717) 987-6430 View (717) 987-6430
Photo of Gordon Bolig, Licensed Professional Counselor in York, PA
Gordon Bolig
Licensed Professional Counselor, LSW
Verified Verified
York, PA 17403
My experiences include working in mental health outpatient and inpatient facilities addressing mental health and substance use disorders. I am most experienced in treating anxiety, depression, substance use, PTSD and trauma.
My experiences include working in mental health outpatient and inpatient facilities addressing mental health and substance use disorders. I am most experienced in treating anxiety, depression, substance use, PTSD and trauma.
(484) 992-9629 x1 View (484) 992-9629 x1
Photo of Crystal Porto, Pre-Licensed Professional in York, PA
Crystal Porto
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, CAADC, CCTP
Verified Verified
York, PA 17408
You’re trapped in a never-ending nightmare while living through narcissistic abuse. At first, it was subtle–they showered you with affection, painting a picture-perfect image of love and adoration. Then, slowly, insidiously, the mask began to slip. Their affection turned into manipulation. They gaslit you and chipped away at your self-esteem. Now, you find yourself walking on eggshells, tiptoeing around their ever-changing moods. Even as you suffocate under the weight of their control, you can't bring yourself to leave. Fear holds you captive. Fear of what they'll do if you try to escape, fear of being alone, fear of the unknown.
You’re trapped in a never-ending nightmare while living through narcissistic abuse. At first, it was subtle–they showered you with affection, painting a picture-perfect image of love and adoration. Then, slowly, insidiously, the mask began to slip. Their affection turned into manipulation. They gaslit you and chipped away at your self-esteem. Now, you find yourself walking on eggshells, tiptoeing around their ever-changing moods. Even as you suffocate under the weight of their control, you can't bring yourself to leave. Fear holds you captive. Fear of what they'll do if you try to escape, fear of being alone, fear of the unknown.
(717) 987-6743 View (717) 987-6743
Photo of Tremitiere Trauma Recovery LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in York, PA
Tremitiere Trauma Recovery LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
York, PA 17403
My ideal client is curious, internally motivated to change, looking for answers, and wanting to heal from their past or present. They are seeking connection with other's or themselves on a deeper level.
My ideal client is curious, internally motivated to change, looking for answers, and wanting to heal from their past or present. They are seeking connection with other's or themselves on a deeper level.
(717) 883-5692 x17403 View (717) 883-5692 x17403
Photo of Andrea Henry, Licensed Professional Counselor in York, PA
Andrea Henry
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
York, PA 17402  (Online Only)
Welcome! Whether you are struggling through a difficult time, looking to better understand yourself, or simply need an objective ear to listen, I am here to help! I am a licensed professional counselor in the states of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and am available via telehealth. I have a background in treating mood disorders, anxiety, substance use, and adjustment disorders.
Welcome! Whether you are struggling through a difficult time, looking to better understand yourself, or simply need an objective ear to listen, I am here to help! I am a licensed professional counselor in the states of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and am available via telehealth. I have a background in treating mood disorders, anxiety, substance use, and adjustment disorders.
(717) 256-1040 View (717) 256-1040
Photo of Margaret Swartz, Psychologist in York, PA
Margaret Swartz
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
York, PA 17402  (Online Only)
Dr. Swartz is a licensed psychologist with training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). She began her education at Alfred University's New York State College of Ceramics where she earned a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts in Ceramic Art. She continued her education with a Masters in Creative Arts in Therapy from Hahnemann Hospital Creative Arts program. She completed her doctorate in clinical psychology from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine in 2008. Dr. Swartz provides therapy to patients with depression, anxiety and PTSD.
Dr. Swartz is a licensed psychologist with training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). She began her education at Alfred University's New York State College of Ceramics where she earned a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts in Ceramic Art. She continued her education with a Masters in Creative Arts in Therapy from Hahnemann Hospital Creative Arts program. She completed her doctorate in clinical psychology from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine in 2008. Dr. Swartz provides therapy to patients with depression, anxiety and PTSD.
(717) 977-3969 View (717) 977-3969

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in York, PA

100+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in York, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Trauma and PTSD
75% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
68% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Highmark
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
63% Optum

How Therapists in York, PA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.