Therapists in Washington, DC

View neighborhoods in Washington
Photo of Debra Turkat, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Debra Turkat
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20005  (Online Only)
My goal will be to work with you, guide you, and help you achieve a fulfilling life. I’m results-oriented and will help you set actionable goals which will lead you to graduation from care. I will provide you with the tools and coping mechanisms you need to thrive both in and out of the working world. I use active listening as an important tool to help me understand your feelings and turmoil – sometimes you may just need to vent. And as I follow you on your journey, I will employ the skills of my profession as you need them.
My goal will be to work with you, guide you, and help you achieve a fulfilling life. I’m results-oriented and will help you set actionable goals which will lead you to graduation from care. I will provide you with the tools and coping mechanisms you need to thrive both in and out of the working world. I use active listening as an important tool to help me understand your feelings and turmoil – sometimes you may just need to vent. And as I follow you on your journey, I will employ the skills of my profession as you need them.
(202) 804-0419 View (202) 804-0419
Photo of Brittany Bascombe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Brittany Bascombe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20045
Brittany Bascombe is a dedicated Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) in the District of Columbia, as well as a Licensed Master Social Worker in Maryland. Her goal is to enhance lives through the many facets of mental health. Brittany believes that social support, perseverance, preparation and being informed are vital components for the achievement of one’s goals. She embraces each person she comes in contact with, helping to cultivate a greater understanding of themselves. She believes educating, providing cultural sensitivity, and imparting hope are a few key components to achieving awareness and fostering growth.
Brittany Bascombe is a dedicated Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) in the District of Columbia, as well as a Licensed Master Social Worker in Maryland. Her goal is to enhance lives through the many facets of mental health. Brittany believes that social support, perseverance, preparation and being informed are vital components for the achievement of one’s goals. She embraces each person she comes in contact with, helping to cultivate a greater understanding of themselves. She believes educating, providing cultural sensitivity, and imparting hope are a few key components to achieving awareness and fostering growth.
(301) 349-1063 View (301) 349-1063
Photo of John Jankowski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
John Jankowski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20017  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is John Jankowski and I founded Navis to expand therapeutic opportunities for the Washington, DC, region. As a practitioner of existential therapy, I center on the individual—rather than their symptoms. I believe in our capacity to make choices and that therapy can help you develop to your potential. My focus is to help you narrow the gap between your present self and ideal self.
Hello, my name is John Jankowski and I founded Navis to expand therapeutic opportunities for the Washington, DC, region. As a practitioner of existential therapy, I center on the individual—rather than their symptoms. I believe in our capacity to make choices and that therapy can help you develop to your potential. My focus is to help you narrow the gap between your present self and ideal self.
(202) 519-8538 View (202) 519-8538
Photo of Melanie Minges, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Melanie Minges
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20005  (Online Only)
I firmly believe that change occurs through addressing faulty or unhelpful thought patterns, challenging learned behaviors, and acquiring improved coping mechanisms. Throughout our sessions, my mission is to establish an authentic rapport and create a nurturing space for clients, meeting them at their current point in their journey. I assist clients in identifying and challenging negative thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, fostering a profound catalyst for lasting change by illuminating paths toward self-discovery, resilience, and growth.
I firmly believe that change occurs through addressing faulty or unhelpful thought patterns, challenging learned behaviors, and acquiring improved coping mechanisms. Throughout our sessions, my mission is to establish an authentic rapport and create a nurturing space for clients, meeting them at their current point in their journey. I assist clients in identifying and challenging negative thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, fostering a profound catalyst for lasting change by illuminating paths toward self-discovery, resilience, and growth.
(855) 628-4166 View (855) 628-4166
Photo of Jessica Sandham Swope, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Jessica Sandham Swope
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
I strive to provide a collaborative and supportive working space for individual clients or couples with a range of presenting concerns. My clients tell me that they appreciate my warmth and practicality, as well as my willingness to provide an individualized treatment plan tailored to their specific needs. I believe that most clients' struggles-be they with depression, anxiety, attentional difficulties, or relationship issues-are born of and maintained by a range of factors. These factors may include past experiences, family history, biology, or unhelpful patterns of thinking.
I strive to provide a collaborative and supportive working space for individual clients or couples with a range of presenting concerns. My clients tell me that they appreciate my warmth and practicality, as well as my willingness to provide an individualized treatment plan tailored to their specific needs. I believe that most clients' struggles-be they with depression, anxiety, attentional difficulties, or relationship issues-are born of and maintained by a range of factors. These factors may include past experiences, family history, biology, or unhelpful patterns of thinking.
(202) 972-2494 View (202) 972-2494
Photo of Kevin Hollander, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Kevin Hollander
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C, CTP-C
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20005  (Online Only)
You may have arrived here because a part of you is ready to shift, even though another part of you is scared. Know that you have a reached a space where you are safe. Know that you have reached a space where your feelings are handled with care. Know that you have reached a space where you are unconditionally accepted. It's nice to meet you.
You may have arrived here because a part of you is ready to shift, even though another part of you is scared. Know that you have a reached a space where you are safe. Know that you have reached a space where your feelings are handled with care. Know that you have reached a space where you are unconditionally accepted. It's nice to meet you.
View
Photo of Michael J. Stiers, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Michael J. Stiers
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20003
Most people that I see in my practice do not have an emotional or psychological illness but are faced with professional or relationship issues that are causing personal distress. These issues when not understood and dealt with can create symptoms of anxiety, depression and a loss of satisfaction in personal, professional, and intimate relationships. They can also interfere with the full expression of a person's unique abilities and the fulfillment of his or her goals.
Most people that I see in my practice do not have an emotional or psychological illness but are faced with professional or relationship issues that are causing personal distress. These issues when not understood and dealt with can create symptoms of anxiety, depression and a loss of satisfaction in personal, professional, and intimate relationships. They can also interfere with the full expression of a person's unique abilities and the fulfillment of his or her goals.
(202) 470-1514 View (202) 470-1514
Photo of Elizabeth Quirch, Counselor in Washington, DC
Elizabeth Quirch
Counselor, MA , LGPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20006
Hello! My name is Elizabeth and I am a native Spanish speaking therapist with Arelis Perez Psychotherapy Services LLC. My professional background encompasses working in diverse settings including nonprofit community-based organizations, DCPS schools, and a juvenile corrections facility. I have extensive experience working with adolescents and adults going through Life-Transitions, Depression, Anxiety, and Trauma. Whether you find yourself struggling with anxiety, depression, or navigating the ups and downs of life, I am here to guide you towards developing effective strategies and gaining valuable insights.
Hello! My name is Elizabeth and I am a native Spanish speaking therapist with Arelis Perez Psychotherapy Services LLC. My professional background encompasses working in diverse settings including nonprofit community-based organizations, DCPS schools, and a juvenile corrections facility. I have extensive experience working with adolescents and adults going through Life-Transitions, Depression, Anxiety, and Trauma. Whether you find yourself struggling with anxiety, depression, or navigating the ups and downs of life, I am here to guide you towards developing effective strategies and gaining valuable insights.
(202) 951-9028 View (202) 951-9028
Photo of Ashley Bauman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Ashley Bauman
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, ACS, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20002  (Online Only)
Life is sacred and challenging. Navigating problems on our own can be overwhelming and difficult. Counseling can be an important part of our journey to become the best version of ourselves in our relationships with others and ourselves. A kind and caring presence can help us begin to change and enter into a growth process. I approach clients with compassion, empathy, and kindness to work collaboratively on what you are going through.
Life is sacred and challenging. Navigating problems on our own can be overwhelming and difficult. Counseling can be an important part of our journey to become the best version of ourselves in our relationships with others and ourselves. A kind and caring presence can help us begin to change and enter into a growth process. I approach clients with compassion, empathy, and kindness to work collaboratively on what you are going through.
View
Photo of Robyn Gray, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Robyn Gray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20007  (Online Only)
I have worked with clients who have experienced loss, depression, trauma, anger management, anxiety, low self esteem, medical and other mental health behavioral health challenges. My desire is to offer clients a safe space to process, identify, and or cope with the stressors of life. I believe in providing counseling that is client centered and strength based.
I have worked with clients who have experienced loss, depression, trauma, anger management, anxiety, low self esteem, medical and other mental health behavioral health challenges. My desire is to offer clients a safe space to process, identify, and or cope with the stressors of life. I believe in providing counseling that is client centered and strength based.
(202) 751-4056 View (202) 751-4056
Photo of Erica Force, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Erica Force
Psychologist, PhD, CMPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20057  (Online Only)
My passion is helping adults and adolescents achieve well-being and balance. As a licensed psychologist, I offer traditional counseling services. I specialize in sport psychology, adolescent & elite athletes, women's issues, & EMDR. As a CMPC & registered Sport Psychologist with the U.S. Olympic Committee, I offer services for adults & adolescents, and have the privilege of working with athletes from youth to professional and Olympic/elite. As a psychologist, I am licensed in multiple states (District ofColumbia, Virginia, Maryland, Texas, Colorado, and Florida) and able to offer services nationwide.
My passion is helping adults and adolescents achieve well-being and balance. As a licensed psychologist, I offer traditional counseling services. I specialize in sport psychology, adolescent & elite athletes, women's issues, & EMDR. As a CMPC & registered Sport Psychologist with the U.S. Olympic Committee, I offer services for adults & adolescents, and have the privilege of working with athletes from youth to professional and Olympic/elite. As a psychologist, I am licensed in multiple states (District ofColumbia, Virginia, Maryland, Texas, Colorado, and Florida) and able to offer services nationwide.
(202) 915-1850 View (202) 915-1850
Photo of Leila Bremer, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Leila Bremer
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20036
I am a psychodynamic psychologist. As such, I believe that our early experiences shape our later expectations of ourselves and our relationships. I assist patients in examining patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that may have begun early in life and continue to generate unhappiness with the goal of helping to relieve the depression and anxiety. As patients gain self-awareness and come to recognize and handle their feelings more adeptly, they often develop a more cohesive identity. While working to mitigate them, I am mindful of understanding what underlies the patient's vulnerability to developing these particular symptoms.
I am a psychodynamic psychologist. As such, I believe that our early experiences shape our later expectations of ourselves and our relationships. I assist patients in examining patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that may have begun early in life and continue to generate unhappiness with the goal of helping to relieve the depression and anxiety. As patients gain self-awareness and come to recognize and handle their feelings more adeptly, they often develop a more cohesive identity. While working to mitigate them, I am mindful of understanding what underlies the patient's vulnerability to developing these particular symptoms.
(202) 800-1273 View (202) 800-1273
Photo of Dr. Cammy | Bliss In Being, Marriage & Family Therapist in Washington, DC
Dr. Cammy | Bliss In Being
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016  (Online Only)
Are you looking for relief from stress, worry, insomnia, or low mood? Has your partnership lost its sparkle? Does your body feel on edge and exhausted? Life doesn’t have to be so hard. Let’s work together and achieve the goals that have been just out of reach. E-mail me today and let's schedule a free consult. During that consult, we will discuss your strengths and the barriers that have held you back. Together, we will develop a customized program to meet your exact needs. All of our programs include top-tier, evidence-based interventions, like EMDR, Gottman Couple Method, Cognitive Processing, and more. Call to schedule!
Are you looking for relief from stress, worry, insomnia, or low mood? Has your partnership lost its sparkle? Does your body feel on edge and exhausted? Life doesn’t have to be so hard. Let’s work together and achieve the goals that have been just out of reach. E-mail me today and let's schedule a free consult. During that consult, we will discuss your strengths and the barriers that have held you back. Together, we will develop a customized program to meet your exact needs. All of our programs include top-tier, evidence-based interventions, like EMDR, Gottman Couple Method, Cognitive Processing, and more. Call to schedule!
(202) 980-4152 View (202) 980-4152
Photo of Dawn Prather, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Dawn Prather
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20006  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Greetings! My name is Dawn Prather and I am here to help. I own and practice psychotherapy at Revo Well. We are a tribe of extraordinary clinicians dedicated to REVOlutionizing WELLness in the BIPOC community. We promote overall wellbeing by utilizing a multidimensional approach aimed at healing. We believe that mental, physical, and spiritual wellness are equally important and each must be nurtured to achieve optimal, holistic health.
Greetings! My name is Dawn Prather and I am here to help. I own and practice psychotherapy at Revo Well. We are a tribe of extraordinary clinicians dedicated to REVOlutionizing WELLness in the BIPOC community. We promote overall wellbeing by utilizing a multidimensional approach aimed at healing. We believe that mental, physical, and spiritual wellness are equally important and each must be nurtured to achieve optimal, holistic health.
(202) 893-8634 View (202) 893-8634
Photo of Vicki Anagnostopoulos, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Vicki Anagnostopoulos
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
26 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
I specialize in treating adults with anxiety, perfectionism, sport- or performance-related concerns, and burnout. I often see clients who don't feel "good enough," have family-of-origin or multicultural concerns, experience relationship challenges, or are going through life transitions. As a former college soccer player, I also have a particular interest in working with current and former athletes, who may need help with things like anxiety, mood concerns, managing transitions (ex. from high school to college sports, life after sports), athletic burnout, team dynamics, effects of injury, and balancing multiple demands.
I specialize in treating adults with anxiety, perfectionism, sport- or performance-related concerns, and burnout. I often see clients who don't feel "good enough," have family-of-origin or multicultural concerns, experience relationship challenges, or are going through life transitions. As a former college soccer player, I also have a particular interest in working with current and former athletes, who may need help with things like anxiety, mood concerns, managing transitions (ex. from high school to college sports, life after sports), athletic burnout, team dynamics, effects of injury, and balancing multiple demands.
(202) 800-9335 View (202) 800-9335
Photo of Delshawna Dixon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Delshawna Dixon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20006  (Online Only)
Greetings! I am Delshawna, a therapist at Arelis Perez Psychotherapy Services, a practice that embraces diversity and offers therapeutic services in multiple languages. Our team of clinicians is equipped with a range of therapeutic modalities to empower individuals of all ages, from children to adults. Based in Washington DC, I am a seasoned clinical social worker with 7 years of experience in the field. My focus is on serving youth ages 17-24 and adults, utilizing person-centered, solution-focused, and strengths-based therapy approaches to help my clients thrive.
Greetings! I am Delshawna, a therapist at Arelis Perez Psychotherapy Services, a practice that embraces diversity and offers therapeutic services in multiple languages. Our team of clinicians is equipped with a range of therapeutic modalities to empower individuals of all ages, from children to adults. Based in Washington DC, I am a seasoned clinical social worker with 7 years of experience in the field. My focus is on serving youth ages 17-24 and adults, utilizing person-centered, solution-focused, and strengths-based therapy approaches to help my clients thrive.
(855) 686-0506 View (855) 686-0506
Photo of Jill Fay, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Jill Fay
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20036
We all feel stuck at times. I believe this experience can result from an unhelpful pattern developed over time, and in addition to feeling lost or unfulfilled, we may find ourselves having emotional or behavioral concerns. From a non-judgmental space, I offer a supportive environment to connect while we work together to uncover the patterns that may contribute to pain and problems in your daily life. It is my aim to help illuminate different ways of being so that you may experience less pain, more satisfaction, and a greater quality of life.
We all feel stuck at times. I believe this experience can result from an unhelpful pattern developed over time, and in addition to feeling lost or unfulfilled, we may find ourselves having emotional or behavioral concerns. From a non-judgmental space, I offer a supportive environment to connect while we work together to uncover the patterns that may contribute to pain and problems in your daily life. It is my aim to help illuminate different ways of being so that you may experience less pain, more satisfaction, and a greater quality of life.
(202) 759-3174 View (202) 759-3174
Photo of Mirna Amaya, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Mirna Amaya
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20009  (Online Only)
Welcome to your journey to self-compassion, growth and empowerment. Thank you for vising my profile. As a bilingual psychotherapist, I have worked with adults, adolescents, children and families striving to improve their lives and learn necessary skills to manage their difficulties around issues of depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem, grief and loss and parenting. I am trained in various therapeutic models but often I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. We'll explore at beginning what brought you to therapy and decide after assessment the most appropriate ways that may help you reach your therapeutic goals.
Welcome to your journey to self-compassion, growth and empowerment. Thank you for vising my profile. As a bilingual psychotherapist, I have worked with adults, adolescents, children and families striving to improve their lives and learn necessary skills to manage their difficulties around issues of depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem, grief and loss and parenting. I am trained in various therapeutic models but often I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. We'll explore at beginning what brought you to therapy and decide after assessment the most appropriate ways that may help you reach your therapeutic goals.
(202) 754-6963 View (202) 754-6963
Photo of Brittany Bordonaro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Brittany Bordonaro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20003  (Online Only)
Ms. Bordonaro works with clients who have issues with relationships, anxiety, depression, stress management, self-esteem, work related issues, and trauma. Her clients can expect to feel supported through out the therapeutic process. Her clients report gaining valuable insight, skills, and symptom relief from working with her.
Ms. Bordonaro works with clients who have issues with relationships, anxiety, depression, stress management, self-esteem, work related issues, and trauma. Her clients can expect to feel supported through out the therapeutic process. Her clients report gaining valuable insight, skills, and symptom relief from working with her.
(888) 836-4718 View (888) 836-4718
Photo of Luis C Marcano, Counselor in Washington, DC
Luis C Marcano
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20002  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
During these uncertain times, most people are reporting feeling anxious, helpless, and in need of connection. If you are struggling to manage any of these emotions or experiencing recurrent negative thoughts; there is hope. My goal is to provide a safe space for you to be able to express yourself in an authentic and truthful way. I've been providing counseling services for over 15 years in the DC Metro Area. Above all, I value our therapeutic relationship and your culture. I take time and care in getting to know what's important to you. I currently provide Telehealth counseling for the Virginia and Washington D.C. communities.
During these uncertain times, most people are reporting feeling anxious, helpless, and in need of connection. If you are struggling to manage any of these emotions or experiencing recurrent negative thoughts; there is hope. My goal is to provide a safe space for you to be able to express yourself in an authentic and truthful way. I've been providing counseling services for over 15 years in the DC Metro Area. Above all, I value our therapeutic relationship and your culture. I take time and care in getting to know what's important to you. I currently provide Telehealth counseling for the Virginia and Washington D.C. communities.
(202) 935-7064 View (202) 935-7064

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Washington, DC

2,000+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Washington, DC who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% CareFirst
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Washington, DC see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Washington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.