Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

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Photo of Katie Mohr, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Katie Mohr
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
Not accepting new clients
***Katie is not taking new clients at this time*** Katie brings a warm, friendly, and understanding style in her work. Katie provides encouragement and support to individuals and couples who are coping with a wide variety of life’s changes and challenges. Katie sees her role as a therapist to guide clients through the process of greater self-understanding and help begin to take action toward healing the past, living in the present, and looking toward the future.
***Katie is not taking new clients at this time*** Katie brings a warm, friendly, and understanding style in her work. Katie provides encouragement and support to individuals and couples who are coping with a wide variety of life’s changes and challenges. Katie sees her role as a therapist to guide clients through the process of greater self-understanding and help begin to take action toward healing the past, living in the present, and looking toward the future.
(612) 568-0449 View (612) 568-0449
Photo of Ross E Gubrud, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Ross E Gubrud
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Change is tough. Seeking assistance is not only beneficial, but also human. And that is where I join you. I consider myself a therapeutic Sherpa—I know the way, but you need to take each step. That path leads through one’s difficulties, mucking about courageously and authentically. I love what I do, possessing both skill and experience, and am honored to walk beside you as we address your concerns.
Change is tough. Seeking assistance is not only beneficial, but also human. And that is where I join you. I consider myself a therapeutic Sherpa—I know the way, but you need to take each step. That path leads through one’s difficulties, mucking about courageously and authentically. I love what I do, possessing both skill and experience, and am honored to walk beside you as we address your concerns.
(651) 419-3860 View (651) 419-3860
Photo of Brandy Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Brandy Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
How do you want to feel? How do you get there? Whether you're hoping to minimize anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, desire to explore and improve your past or current relationship patterns, need assistance navigating a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder during or after pregnancy, I offer you support, help and guidance in going from where you are to how you want to feel. I am a LBGTQ affirmative and supportive to all. Please note I offer virtual appointments only.
How do you want to feel? How do you get there? Whether you're hoping to minimize anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, desire to explore and improve your past or current relationship patterns, need assistance navigating a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder during or after pregnancy, I offer you support, help and guidance in going from where you are to how you want to feel. I am a LBGTQ affirmative and supportive to all. Please note I offer virtual appointments only.
(320) 347-3435 View (320) 347-3435
Photo of Sharon J. Barnett Mitchell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Sharon J. Barnett Mitchell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
I provide respectful, collaborative psychotherapy for adults, older teens, families, and couples. Taking a holistic and mindful approach, I can help with an array of relational and emotional concerns including life transitions; identity issues; grief and loss; sexuality and intimacy; family conflict and parenI take a client-centered, intersectional, harm-reduction and trauma-informed stance which means I provide a space where differences are honored, power is named, and the complexities of your experiences and identities are held.
I provide respectful, collaborative psychotherapy for adults, older teens, families, and couples. Taking a holistic and mindful approach, I can help with an array of relational and emotional concerns including life transitions; identity issues; grief and loss; sexuality and intimacy; family conflict and parenI take a client-centered, intersectional, harm-reduction and trauma-informed stance which means I provide a space where differences are honored, power is named, and the complexities of your experiences and identities are held.
(612) 806-0264 View (612) 806-0264
Photo of Anna Savelsberg, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Anna Savelsberg
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105  (Online Only)
Are you tired of feeling lost, stuck and overwhelmed? If you're ready to invest in yourself and make the courageous choice to reach out for support, you’ve come to the right place. As a systemic therapist, I will guide you in discovering your strengths and help you find meaning and joy in your life. We will work together to tackle the issues that are getting in the way of you living the life you want. I believe your problems don't exist in isolation, and I am experienced in zooming out and seeing the context. So if you are ready to take a look at the big picture and make some lasting changes, I’m your person! Let’s get started!
Are you tired of feeling lost, stuck and overwhelmed? If you're ready to invest in yourself and make the courageous choice to reach out for support, you’ve come to the right place. As a systemic therapist, I will guide you in discovering your strengths and help you find meaning and joy in your life. We will work together to tackle the issues that are getting in the way of you living the life you want. I believe your problems don't exist in isolation, and I am experienced in zooming out and seeing the context. So if you are ready to take a look at the big picture and make some lasting changes, I’m your person! Let’s get started!
(651) 372-1593 View (651) 372-1593
Photo of Shauna K Zotalis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Shauna K Zotalis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
You are considering divorce and fear how it will affect your children. Or you're divorced and met someone and want to blend your families, but are worried about the difficulties that blending brings. These family transitions are full of significant challenges such as grief over the breakup of the family, confusion over stepparent roles and responsibilities, hostile co-parenting relationships, jealousy of ex-spouses or stepchildren, and more. You want happy and healthy relationships with partners, exes, children, and stepchildren. You hope for a sense of "we-ness" as a new family unit and crave peace and balance in the future.
You are considering divorce and fear how it will affect your children. Or you're divorced and met someone and want to blend your families, but are worried about the difficulties that blending brings. These family transitions are full of significant challenges such as grief over the breakup of the family, confusion over stepparent roles and responsibilities, hostile co-parenting relationships, jealousy of ex-spouses or stepchildren, and more. You want happy and healthy relationships with partners, exes, children, and stepchildren. You hope for a sense of "we-ness" as a new family unit and crave peace and balance in the future.
(612) 662-6080 View (612) 662-6080
Photo of Brian C. Post, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Brian C. Post
Psychologist, PhD, LP, CGP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
On the outside you look like you've got it together, but inside you're struggling. Perhaps you are self-critical, disconnected from others, or stuck in a job that is not the right fit. Or maybe you are enduring a painful dynamic in your relationship with your romantic partner, parent, child, friend, or co-worker. If any of these resonate, self-exploration can help you discover the root cause of your shame, loneliness, disconnection, existential angst, and stagnation. With help, you can cultivate a kinder relationship with yourself, deeper connections with others, and a more meaningful life at work and beyond.
On the outside you look like you've got it together, but inside you're struggling. Perhaps you are self-critical, disconnected from others, or stuck in a job that is not the right fit. Or maybe you are enduring a painful dynamic in your relationship with your romantic partner, parent, child, friend, or co-worker. If any of these resonate, self-exploration can help you discover the root cause of your shame, loneliness, disconnection, existential angst, and stagnation. With help, you can cultivate a kinder relationship with yourself, deeper connections with others, and a more meaningful life at work and beyond.
(651) 538-1960 View (651) 538-1960
Photo of Lisa Havelin Counseling LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Lisa Havelin Counseling LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
We can be kind, strong, intelligent, and resourceful individuals and still there will be times when we need other people to support us, that’s just how we’re built. Acknowledging that vulnerability and asking for what we need is true wisdom. I honor and respect that in you. Every person is a unique expression of life, our work together supports you in embodying an authentic way of living. I deeply respect the painful things that bring people to seek support, as thresholds that offer the potential for healing, connection and purpose, and work to cultivate that optimism while also honoring the suffering that leads to such transitions
We can be kind, strong, intelligent, and resourceful individuals and still there will be times when we need other people to support us, that’s just how we’re built. Acknowledging that vulnerability and asking for what we need is true wisdom. I honor and respect that in you. Every person is a unique expression of life, our work together supports you in embodying an authentic way of living. I deeply respect the painful things that bring people to seek support, as thresholds that offer the potential for healing, connection and purpose, and work to cultivate that optimism while also honoring the suffering that leads to such transitions
(651) 867-3192 View (651) 867-3192
Photo of Emily J. Stripling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Emily J. Stripling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55108
I like to meet my clients “where they’re at”, meaning I’ll start wherever you need to. It is sacred to me that I provide a therapeutic setting where it is safe for you to be vulnerable and real- with no judgement or criticism. Within this safe space, we'll work together to find some clarity with your struggles or brokeness. "Courage is not having the strength to go on, it is going on when you don't have the strength". -Eleanor Roosevelt
I like to meet my clients “where they’re at”, meaning I’ll start wherever you need to. It is sacred to me that I provide a therapeutic setting where it is safe for you to be vulnerable and real- with no judgement or criticism. Within this safe space, we'll work together to find some clarity with your struggles or brokeness. "Courage is not having the strength to go on, it is going on when you don't have the strength". -Eleanor Roosevelt
(651) 412-1765 x812 View (651) 412-1765 x812
Photo of Britni A Kelley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Britni A Kelley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
I especially enjoy working with motivated clients wanting to develop a greater understanding of where they have come from and heal from their past traumas. Those struggling with a dysregulated nervous system, anxious, or simply stuck are a delight for me to walk along side. I have a strong passion for working with individuals/couples who have endured difficult experiences in their younger years and need some help with healing. Highly relational and compassionate, I prioritize relationship and trauma interventions in the midst of healing wounds. Licensed in Minnesota (in person/virtual)& Iowa! Virtual visits only for Iowa residents.
I especially enjoy working with motivated clients wanting to develop a greater understanding of where they have come from and heal from their past traumas. Those struggling with a dysregulated nervous system, anxious, or simply stuck are a delight for me to walk along side. I have a strong passion for working with individuals/couples who have endured difficult experiences in their younger years and need some help with healing. Highly relational and compassionate, I prioritize relationship and trauma interventions in the midst of healing wounds. Licensed in Minnesota (in person/virtual)& Iowa! Virtual visits only for Iowa residents.
(612) 324-3142 View (612) 324-3142
Photo of Manuela González, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Manuela González
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Waitlist for new clients
I am a bilingual, bicultural, second-generation Chicana with over ten years of experience working with diverse individuals, families, and communities. I provide individual therapy to adults 18+ and family therapy to adult children and their parents/relatives. I focus my practice on Black, Indigenous & People of Color (BIPOC). I am particularly interested in working with children of immigrants, immigrants, and members of the fat and LGBTQ+ communities. As a cis woman, I am committed to creating a safe therapeutic space for this community, especially Queer & Trans Black, Indigenous & People of Color (QTBIPOC).
I am a bilingual, bicultural, second-generation Chicana with over ten years of experience working with diverse individuals, families, and communities. I provide individual therapy to adults 18+ and family therapy to adult children and their parents/relatives. I focus my practice on Black, Indigenous & People of Color (BIPOC). I am particularly interested in working with children of immigrants, immigrants, and members of the fat and LGBTQ+ communities. As a cis woman, I am committed to creating a safe therapeutic space for this community, especially Queer & Trans Black, Indigenous & People of Color (QTBIPOC).
(651) 412-1427 View (651) 412-1427
Photo of Akiko Tanaka, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Akiko Tanaka
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
You may be hoping to improve relationships in your life, be better able to deal with depression or anxiety, or free yourself from effects of trauma. Whatever your issues are, I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental, and safe space for you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences so you feel empowered to heal and move forward with your life.
You may be hoping to improve relationships in your life, be better able to deal with depression or anxiety, or free yourself from effects of trauma. Whatever your issues are, I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental, and safe space for you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences so you feel empowered to heal and move forward with your life.
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Photo of Emily Barbee, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Emily Barbee
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PPSC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
You're taking the first difficult step towards change by vetting therapists, and I'd be honored to join you on each subsequent step to effect change. Whether navigating the complexities of childhood, the turbulence of adolescence, or the challenges of young adulthood, it helps to have a trusted guide and ally. As a seasoned therapist, I've worked in a variety of settings from inpatient psychiatric units to elite private schools. I've worked with clients on a variety of concerns including self-harm, suicidal ideation, friendship and relationship challenges, anxiety, learning differences, identity exploration and self-esteem.
You're taking the first difficult step towards change by vetting therapists, and I'd be honored to join you on each subsequent step to effect change. Whether navigating the complexities of childhood, the turbulence of adolescence, or the challenges of young adulthood, it helps to have a trusted guide and ally. As a seasoned therapist, I've worked in a variety of settings from inpatient psychiatric units to elite private schools. I've worked with clients on a variety of concerns including self-harm, suicidal ideation, friendship and relationship challenges, anxiety, learning differences, identity exploration and self-esteem.
(651) 615-2293 View (651) 615-2293
Photo of Mark Wick, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Mark Wick
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116
Welcome! It takes courage to seek support and take the first step towards healing and personal growth. I want you to know that you are not alone on this journey, and together we can navigate the challenges you are facing. As a dedicated and compassionate therapist, I believe in building a collaborative relationship with my clients. I value your unique experiences, perspectives, and strength, and aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space where we can work together to achieve your goals.
Welcome! It takes courage to seek support and take the first step towards healing and personal growth. I want you to know that you are not alone on this journey, and together we can navigate the challenges you are facing. As a dedicated and compassionate therapist, I believe in building a collaborative relationship with my clients. I value your unique experiences, perspectives, and strength, and aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space where we can work together to achieve your goals.
(651) 376-3567 View (651) 376-3567
Photo of Amal Aden, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Amal Aden
Pre-Licensed Professional, MPS, LADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Embarking on personal growth and healing speaks to your resilience; I'm honored to join your journey. As a clinician, I create a supportive space for exploration, growth, and empowerment. With extensive experience in inpatient and outpatient settings, I embrace a holistic approach, that is aimed toward collaboration. My toolbox includes evidence-based practices to foster self-awareness and equip you with practical skills. I've worked with diverse issues like depression, anxiety, trauma, relational issues, racial trauma, substance use, grief, and school/career/life transitions. I will collaborate with you to overcome any obstacles.
Embarking on personal growth and healing speaks to your resilience; I'm honored to join your journey. As a clinician, I create a supportive space for exploration, growth, and empowerment. With extensive experience in inpatient and outpatient settings, I embrace a holistic approach, that is aimed toward collaboration. My toolbox includes evidence-based practices to foster self-awareness and equip you with practical skills. I've worked with diverse issues like depression, anxiety, trauma, relational issues, racial trauma, substance use, grief, and school/career/life transitions. I will collaborate with you to overcome any obstacles.
(651) 240-2897 View (651) 240-2897
Photo of Evan Lieberman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Evan Lieberman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
If you are here reading this, you want something better for yourself. We are complex individuals, and when you gain a better understanding of who you truly are, you will be amazed at how life takes on a new perspective. To be more productive in your work, having healthier and deeper relationships, and to be more comfortable with yourself, are among the many benefits of therapy. I believe in the power of therapy and having greater personal insight. I have seen it work for my clients and myself. If you ready to take this first step, let's talk!
If you are here reading this, you want something better for yourself. We are complex individuals, and when you gain a better understanding of who you truly are, you will be amazed at how life takes on a new perspective. To be more productive in your work, having healthier and deeper relationships, and to be more comfortable with yourself, are among the many benefits of therapy. I believe in the power of therapy and having greater personal insight. I have seen it work for my clients and myself. If you ready to take this first step, let's talk!
(651) 401-6677 View (651) 401-6677
Photo of Whitney Koller, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Whitney Koller
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Hi my name is Whitney. I am a master's level therapist pursing a Ph.D. If you're reading this, you're already taking the first steps needed to live a fuller and healthier life! Starting therapy can be intimidating, so I am here to make the process as smooth and stress-free as possible. I hope to build an open, trusting, and collaborative relationship with you. Therapy is YOUR space and we can decide together what makes the most sense for you. I am available to do sessions in-person at our office in St Paul or virtually through Zoom. If you are feeling particularly motivated to move, I am also open to doing walk and talk sessions!
Hi my name is Whitney. I am a master's level therapist pursing a Ph.D. If you're reading this, you're already taking the first steps needed to live a fuller and healthier life! Starting therapy can be intimidating, so I am here to make the process as smooth and stress-free as possible. I hope to build an open, trusting, and collaborative relationship with you. Therapy is YOUR space and we can decide together what makes the most sense for you. I am available to do sessions in-person at our office in St Paul or virtually through Zoom. If you are feeling particularly motivated to move, I am also open to doing walk and talk sessions!
(651) 571-9519 View (651) 571-9519
Photo of Seek the Truth Counseling, LLC, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Seek the Truth Counseling, LLC
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55113  (Online Only)
My name is Michael Branchaud and I have been a practicing mental health professional for the past 30 years. My therapy model is based on controlling our thoughts to better regulate our emotions and behaviors. This is done by understanding their relationship to one another. We are born with three life goals, the need to be safe, the need to belong to something greater than our self and the need to be accepted for who we are and not for what we do or don't do.
My name is Michael Branchaud and I have been a practicing mental health professional for the past 30 years. My therapy model is based on controlling our thoughts to better regulate our emotions and behaviors. This is done by understanding their relationship to one another. We are born with three life goals, the need to be safe, the need to belong to something greater than our self and the need to be accepted for who we are and not for what we do or don't do.
(763) 333-2289 x221 View (763) 333-2289 x221
Photo of Kate Lehmann, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Kate Lehmann
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LADC, SAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
I offer resources and counseling for substance use concerns including chemical dependency assessments, individual counseling, and assistance for friends and families dealing with the consequences of addiction. My services are available from initial assessment to recovery support following treatment. As an independent practitioner, I am able to provide options and referrals based solely on meeting your needs. I collaborate with you to find the best path forward - blending my expertise with your courage and desire to make changes in your life.
I offer resources and counseling for substance use concerns including chemical dependency assessments, individual counseling, and assistance for friends and families dealing with the consequences of addiction. My services are available from initial assessment to recovery support following treatment. As an independent practitioner, I am able to provide options and referrals based solely on meeting your needs. I collaborate with you to find the best path forward - blending my expertise with your courage and desire to make changes in your life.
(612) 306-4778 View (612) 306-4778
Photo of Kia Cashman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Kia Cashman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55101
I view the role of therapist as facilitator and partner with clients to create acceptance, change, symptom management, and to achieve goals for effective and satisfying lives.
I view the role of therapist as facilitator and partner with clients to create acceptance, change, symptom management, and to achieve goals for effective and satisfying lives.
(651) 372-1953 View (651) 372-1953

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% UCare
68% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Saint Paul, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Paul?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.