Therapists in Killeen, TX

Photo of Yellow Ribbon Counseling PLLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Killeen, TX
Yellow Ribbon Counseling PLLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFTS, LPCS, RPTS, EMDR AC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76543
Yellow Ribbon Counseling specializes in play therapy, family therapy, and trauma informed therapies (EMDR, TF-CBT and CPT). Our clinical team is made up of Registered Play Therapist, EMDR Certified/trained and Gottman trained clinicians. We provide treatment in a variety of areas to include: attachment ruptures, grief & loss issues, parent-child relationships, child and sexual abuse, blended family issues, domestic violence, military related transitional stress, reintegration, ADHD, PTSD, couples/marital issues, perinatal issues and inter-generational family trauma.
Yellow Ribbon Counseling specializes in play therapy, family therapy, and trauma informed therapies (EMDR, TF-CBT and CPT). Our clinical team is made up of Registered Play Therapist, EMDR Certified/trained and Gottman trained clinicians. We provide treatment in a variety of areas to include: attachment ruptures, grief & loss issues, parent-child relationships, child and sexual abuse, blended family issues, domestic violence, military related transitional stress, reintegration, ADHD, PTSD, couples/marital issues, perinatal issues and inter-generational family trauma.
(254) 870-8119 View (254) 870-8119
Photo of Nicole Wallace, Counselor in Killeen, TX
Nicole Wallace
Counselor, MS, LPC-S, LPCC, CST
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76543
Are you letting everyday life stress you out? Are you experiencing challenges with your interpersonal relationships? Do you miss the intimacy in your relationship? These are just a few examples of the topics that counseling can help you address. I offer evening appointments to allow counseling to fit into your busy schedule without causing additional stress. I create a safe and secure environment to facilitate growth in your personal or professional life. Counseling can be an enriching experience for most people.
Are you letting everyday life stress you out? Are you experiencing challenges with your interpersonal relationships? Do you miss the intimacy in your relationship? These are just a few examples of the topics that counseling can help you address. I offer evening appointments to allow counseling to fit into your busy schedule without causing additional stress. I create a safe and secure environment to facilitate growth in your personal or professional life. Counseling can be an enriching experience for most people.
(254) 232-5816 View (254) 232-5816
Photo of Dorothy A Ray Counseling Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Dorothy A Ray Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76541  (Online Only)
My target population include adolescents, couples, siblings and adults experiencing depression, anxiety, transitional issues,relationship issues, separation, anxiety, and other mental health concerns. I have provided support to military families since 2010.
My target population include adolescents, couples, siblings and adults experiencing depression, anxiety, transitional issues,relationship issues, separation, anxiety, and other mental health concerns. I have provided support to military families since 2010.
(254) 831-4812 View (254) 831-4812
Lusan Clark-Ladd
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76542
Experienced in working with children, teens, adults, families, and couples. Enjoys serving the needs of those individuals who are struggling with depression, anxiety, ADHD, any behavioral disorders, dual diagnoses, and any stress related issues. Will work with your individual needs. Setting short term and long term goals. Work to establish healthy skills to create a balanced and harmonious lifestyle.
Experienced in working with children, teens, adults, families, and couples. Enjoys serving the needs of those individuals who are struggling with depression, anxiety, ADHD, any behavioral disorders, dual diagnoses, and any stress related issues. Will work with your individual needs. Setting short term and long term goals. Work to establish healthy skills to create a balanced and harmonious lifestyle.
(254) 247-3280 View (254) 247-3280
Photo of Carpe Diem Behavioral Health & Counseling (Online), Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Carpe Diem Behavioral Health & Counseling (Online)
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76541
Not accepting new clients
Are you ready to break unhealthy habits? Are you ready to provide yourself the same love and attention that you give to others? Are you ready to accept that you are a unique being and are not bound to anyone’s standards? Then it's time to start devoting some "me time" to yourself. Too busy or tired to navigate through traffic? Then Carpe Diem Behavioral Health & Counseling, PLLC has you covered as we're a virtual company. We provide online counseling for people who value flexibility and convenience.
Are you ready to break unhealthy habits? Are you ready to provide yourself the same love and attention that you give to others? Are you ready to accept that you are a unique being and are not bound to anyone’s standards? Then it's time to start devoting some "me time" to yourself. Too busy or tired to navigate through traffic? Then Carpe Diem Behavioral Health & Counseling, PLLC has you covered as we're a virtual company. We provide online counseling for people who value flexibility and convenience.
(254) 434-6224 View (254) 434-6224
Photo of Suleika De Gracia Rivera, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Suleika De Gracia Rivera
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76542
I am a fully bilingual (English/Spanish) mental health and rehabilitative therapist offering individual, family, and couples counseling with culturally competent care. I have experience working with adolescents and adults whom have tried all they know to improve mood and decrease maladaptive behaviors. With psychotherapy and psycho-education I will introduce coping skills to improve your positive self-talk and communication with others to feel empowered and problem solve.
I am a fully bilingual (English/Spanish) mental health and rehabilitative therapist offering individual, family, and couples counseling with culturally competent care. I have experience working with adolescents and adults whom have tried all they know to improve mood and decrease maladaptive behaviors. With psychotherapy and psycho-education I will introduce coping skills to improve your positive self-talk and communication with others to feel empowered and problem solve.
(254) 274-3282 View (254) 274-3282
Photo of SuVida Therapy and Consulting Services, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Killeen, TX
SuVida Therapy and Consulting Services, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76542  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you mentally, emotionally, physically, and/or spiritually drained? Insight, hope, positivity, and change are gifts that therapy can provide. Allow me to support you via teletherapy from the comfort of your space. My goal is to help you have the fulfilling life you deserve. I would be honored to be part of this journey of exploration and healing of the mind+body+soul of "SuVida" (your life). I also conduct virtual immigration psychological evaluations.-Visit www.suvidatherapy.com to schedule your appointment. -Jacqueline Ruiz-Lugo, LCSW, C-DBT
Are you mentally, emotionally, physically, and/or spiritually drained? Insight, hope, positivity, and change are gifts that therapy can provide. Allow me to support you via teletherapy from the comfort of your space. My goal is to help you have the fulfilling life you deserve. I would be honored to be part of this journey of exploration and healing of the mind+body+soul of "SuVida" (your life). I also conduct virtual immigration psychological evaluations.-Visit www.suvidatherapy.com to schedule your appointment. -Jacqueline Ruiz-Lugo, LCSW, C-DBT
(254) 736-6653 View (254) 736-6653
Photo of Lake Inks Professional Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Lake Inks Professional Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, LMSW, NCC, CSC
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76543
In our growing and transit community, many individuals, couples, children/adolescents and families struggle daily with painful life events. Events such as marital discord, stress, medical illness, past abuse, single parenting, unresolved anger financial instability, military connected issues, educational restarting, grief, and spiritual confusion, can cause anyone to get lost in overwhelming darkness. Allow me to assist you with piercing the darkness of life's painful events.
In our growing and transit community, many individuals, couples, children/adolescents and families struggle daily with painful life events. Events such as marital discord, stress, medical illness, past abuse, single parenting, unresolved anger financial instability, military connected issues, educational restarting, grief, and spiritual confusion, can cause anyone to get lost in overwhelming darkness. Allow me to assist you with piercing the darkness of life's painful events.
(254) 655-3563 View (254) 655-3563
Photo of Terri Gossett, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Terri Gossett
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC, NCC
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76549
Terri Gossett is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas who has been practicing since 2007. She has a Master of Science in Counseling Psychology. Terri's therapy style is warm and interactive. She believes in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and doesn't believe in stigmatizing labels. Her approach combines rational-emotive therapy, humanistic, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Terri will tailor your dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Terri's passion is empowering clients to achieve their goals.
Terri Gossett is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas who has been practicing since 2007. She has a Master of Science in Counseling Psychology. Terri's therapy style is warm and interactive. She believes in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and doesn't believe in stigmatizing labels. Her approach combines rational-emotive therapy, humanistic, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Terri will tailor your dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Terri's passion is empowering clients to achieve their goals.
(254) 348-3372 View (254) 348-3372
Photo of Janice Herr, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Killeen, TX
Janice Herr
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A, LCDC
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76542
Are you stuck and not too sure where to go? I believe that in providing therapy there are no one size fits all approaches. Everyone is unique. Everyone has their own individual experiences and challenges that they want to overcome. I feel that a therapeutic relationship is built on trust, communication and compassion. I am able to provide you with the tools you need. I can provide you with individual, couple, or family therapy sessions. For anyone that has a dual diagnosis, I currently have availability for group sessions.
Are you stuck and not too sure where to go? I believe that in providing therapy there are no one size fits all approaches. Everyone is unique. Everyone has their own individual experiences and challenges that they want to overcome. I feel that a therapeutic relationship is built on trust, communication and compassion. I am able to provide you with the tools you need. I can provide you with individual, couple, or family therapy sessions. For anyone that has a dual diagnosis, I currently have availability for group sessions.
(254) 272-5927 View (254) 272-5927
Photo of Karen Oliphant, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Karen Oliphant
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76541
Having worked at the R&R Center on Fort Hood for 3 years and in the local area for over 10 years, I have a lot of experience treating PTSD/Combat Stress, depression and anxiety. It is a joy to help clients resolve their issues, and I am dedicated to serving our military and their families. To date, EMDR therapy has helped millions of people of all ages relieve many types of psychological stress.
Having worked at the R&R Center on Fort Hood for 3 years and in the local area for over 10 years, I have a lot of experience treating PTSD/Combat Stress, depression and anxiety. It is a joy to help clients resolve their issues, and I am dedicated to serving our military and their families. To date, EMDR therapy has helped millions of people of all ages relieve many types of psychological stress.
(254) 856-0687 View (254) 856-0687
Photo of Lewis Hill, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Lewis Hill
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, CCMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76542
With more than 25 years of experience as a Clinician and Counselor, I possess an extensive track record of compassionate and change-oriented care across both the military and private sectors. Throughout my career, I have developed a varied counseling and advisory experience, serving a wide range of populations, including Soldiers, Veterans, first responders, adolescents, and parents.
With more than 25 years of experience as a Clinician and Counselor, I possess an extensive track record of compassionate and change-oriented care across both the military and private sectors. Throughout my career, I have developed a varied counseling and advisory experience, serving a wide range of populations, including Soldiers, Veterans, first responders, adolescents, and parents.
(254) 244-5996 View (254) 244-5996
Photo of Stephanie D'Addario-Munnigh, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Killeen, TX
Stephanie D'Addario-Munnigh
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate , MS, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76542
Hello, my name is Stephanie D’Addario-Munnigh, and I am happy to introduce myself to you. I am a multicultural counselor in Central Texas. I work with adults, adolescents, children, and couples. As a Hispanic Sephardic Jewish woman, I am culturally sensitive to the needs of Spanish-speaking communities. I have been married to my wonderful husband for 20 years and had the honor of serving together in the military. As a veteran and military spouse, I understand many of the unique challenges and transitions of military life. I followed the path of transitioning my combat medic skills to becoming a mental health counselor.
Hello, my name is Stephanie D’Addario-Munnigh, and I am happy to introduce myself to you. I am a multicultural counselor in Central Texas. I work with adults, adolescents, children, and couples. As a Hispanic Sephardic Jewish woman, I am culturally sensitive to the needs of Spanish-speaking communities. I have been married to my wonderful husband for 20 years and had the honor of serving together in the military. As a veteran and military spouse, I understand many of the unique challenges and transitions of military life. I followed the path of transitioning my combat medic skills to becoming a mental health counselor.
(254) 848-0305 View (254) 848-0305
Photo of Dr. Lindsay V. Almendarez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Killeen, TX
Dr. Lindsay V. Almendarez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76542  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I love working with motivated clients who are ready for change. I am extremely health oriented and feel that mental changes happen when we are taking care of ourselves both mentally and physically. I love giving people the space to be themselves and work through issues in a non-judgmental environment (so they can start recognizing their own strengths and power). I believe in my clients, and my ultimate goal is to help people believe in themselves.
I love working with motivated clients who are ready for change. I am extremely health oriented and feel that mental changes happen when we are taking care of ourselves both mentally and physically. I love giving people the space to be themselves and work through issues in a non-judgmental environment (so they can start recognizing their own strengths and power). I believe in my clients, and my ultimate goal is to help people believe in themselves.
(254) 736-6941 View (254) 736-6941
Photo of Angela Marie Jourdain, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Angela Marie Jourdain
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76541
Our office believes that access to counseling should be easy and comfortable. I personally try my best to never turn away a client, schedule immediately, and work with any financial barriers. Although I work with a variety of treatment goals and treatment modalities, I am known for my work with children, trauma experienced populations, relationship counseling, addictions, military and advocacy for community health. When working with children, I always involve the parents and I attempt to assess in a variety of settings to assure I have the entire picture. Counseling should feel comfortable and safe.
Our office believes that access to counseling should be easy and comfortable. I personally try my best to never turn away a client, schedule immediately, and work with any financial barriers. Although I work with a variety of treatment goals and treatment modalities, I am known for my work with children, trauma experienced populations, relationship counseling, addictions, military and advocacy for community health. When working with children, I always involve the parents and I attempt to assess in a variety of settings to assure I have the entire picture. Counseling should feel comfortable and safe.
(254) 280-0793 View (254) 280-0793
Photo of Paul Douthit, Marriage & Family Therapist in Killeen, TX
Paul Douthit
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76549
Paul is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over thirty years of experience in providing counseling and consultation. He received his PhD in Marriage and Family Therapy at Nova Southeastern University. Prior to joining Chupik Counseling, Paul served for 25 years as a faculty member of the Department of Pediatrics at Texas Tech Health Sciences Center. He previously served as a special assistant to the Department of Health and Human Services where he offered expertise on adolescent mental health issues.
Paul is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over thirty years of experience in providing counseling and consultation. He received his PhD in Marriage and Family Therapy at Nova Southeastern University. Prior to joining Chupik Counseling, Paul served for 25 years as a faculty member of the Department of Pediatrics at Texas Tech Health Sciences Center. He previously served as a special assistant to the Department of Health and Human Services where he offered expertise on adolescent mental health issues.
(254) 587-5857 View (254) 587-5857
Photo of Collaborative Counseling Services, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Killeen, TX
Collaborative Counseling Services, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76542  (Online Only)
Welcome, if you are having personal struggles that are impacting your mental health and motivation, I am here to help you manage this. Bienvenido, si tienes luchas personales que están afectando tu salud mental y tu motivación, estoy aquí para ayudarte a manejar esto.
Welcome, if you are having personal struggles that are impacting your mental health and motivation, I am here to help you manage this. Bienvenido, si tienes luchas personales que están afectando tu salud mental y tu motivación, estoy aquí para ayudarte a manejar esto.
(254) 566-3622 View (254) 566-3622
Photo of Maximo Munnigh, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Killeen, TX
Maximo Munnigh
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate , MS, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76542
It is a privilege to introduce myself to you. My name is Maximo Munnigh, pronounced Massimo like the clothing line. I am first-generation American. My parents immigrated to the United States in 1967 from the Dominican Republic. We were blessed and fortunate to be in a position for our parents to bring the entire family over. We are Sephardic Jews originally from Asturias, Spain. The values my parents instilled in my siblings and me, such as work ethic, honesty, and diligence, have carried me through my entire life. I am happily married to my lovely wife of 20 years. We have both served in the military and in the private sector.
It is a privilege to introduce myself to you. My name is Maximo Munnigh, pronounced Massimo like the clothing line. I am first-generation American. My parents immigrated to the United States in 1967 from the Dominican Republic. We were blessed and fortunate to be in a position for our parents to bring the entire family over. We are Sephardic Jews originally from Asturias, Spain. The values my parents instilled in my siblings and me, such as work ethic, honesty, and diligence, have carried me through my entire life. I am happily married to my lovely wife of 20 years. We have both served in the military and in the private sector.
(254) 974-8098 View (254) 974-8098
Photo of Monica Serrano Thomas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Killeen, TX
Monica Serrano Thomas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76541  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist, my personal battles have granted me an intimacy with the struggles my clients face. I understand the reluctance to ask for help, especially in multicultural communities where mental health is often not taken seriously. Generational trauma and cultural expectations have woven intricate barriers around seeking assistance. It's a struggle I'm familiar with, and that familiarity is the cornerstone of the safe haven I strive to create for my clients. Consider working with me if you recognize that therapy can be a powerful tool for personal growth and healing, and you are ready to create positive changes in your life.
As a therapist, my personal battles have granted me an intimacy with the struggles my clients face. I understand the reluctance to ask for help, especially in multicultural communities where mental health is often not taken seriously. Generational trauma and cultural expectations have woven intricate barriers around seeking assistance. It's a struggle I'm familiar with, and that familiarity is the cornerstone of the safe haven I strive to create for my clients. Consider working with me if you recognize that therapy can be a powerful tool for personal growth and healing, and you are ready to create positive changes in your life.
(737) 637-5030 View (737) 637-5030
Photo of Mykia Hollis-Griffith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Mykia Hollis-Griffith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76542
Not accepting new clients
Understanding ourselves can be hard at times, especially when we can't find the right words. Have you been fighting to be “okay” when you’re not? Are you having issues in your relationships or difficulty moving past childhood trauma? When was the last time you were truly able to connect with yourself? Life is always bringing us new challenges but there’s nothing that says you have to face it alone. Therapy doesn’t mean there’s something "wrong" with you, and we all can benefit from support at the right time. You can think of therapy as IT for your brain, and I'm here to support and walk with you on your journey to authenticity!
Understanding ourselves can be hard at times, especially when we can't find the right words. Have you been fighting to be “okay” when you’re not? Are you having issues in your relationships or difficulty moving past childhood trauma? When was the last time you were truly able to connect with yourself? Life is always bringing us new challenges but there’s nothing that says you have to face it alone. Therapy doesn’t mean there’s something "wrong" with you, and we all can benefit from support at the right time. You can think of therapy as IT for your brain, and I'm here to support and walk with you on your journey to authenticity!
(254) 232-6309 View (254) 232-6309

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Killeen, TX

100+

Average cost per session

$110

Therapists in Killeen, TX who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
86% Depression
72% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
69% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
60% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Aetna
75% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Killeen, TX see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Killeen?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.