Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

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Photo of Elizabeth Sarraf, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Elizabeth Sarraf
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15235
Waitlist for new clients
When life feels overwhelming, your day to day stressors add up, or past experiences cause you difficulties, choosing to seek therapy can be a pivotal step towards feeling like yourself again. I work collaboratively with clients to help them chart a path forward that feels healthy and acknowledges the impact of all of life’s experiences. Therapy is an opportunity to explore old patterns, create new ones, and to find your voice. Together, we will create a space where you feel safe enough to put down your walls and explore what is working in your life, what is not, and how to get you to where you want to be.
When life feels overwhelming, your day to day stressors add up, or past experiences cause you difficulties, choosing to seek therapy can be a pivotal step towards feeling like yourself again. I work collaboratively with clients to help them chart a path forward that feels healthy and acknowledges the impact of all of life’s experiences. Therapy is an opportunity to explore old patterns, create new ones, and to find your voice. Together, we will create a space where you feel safe enough to put down your walls and explore what is working in your life, what is not, and how to get you to where you want to be.
(412) 219-5957 View (412) 219-5957
Photo of Rebecca R. Hahn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Rebecca R. Hahn
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15234
Every person is a unique individual with their own stressors, but everyone can use some counseling sometimes. Hurt from the past, worries about the future, and stressors right now can get in the way of living a fulfilling, happy life. Rebecca Hahn, MA, LPC (she/her) of Counseling for Progress, LLC can help you sort through your emotions, experiences, and thoughts to make progress now. As a team, you and Rebecca Hahn can work together to reach your goals and bring a sense of calm and happiness to your daily life.
Every person is a unique individual with their own stressors, but everyone can use some counseling sometimes. Hurt from the past, worries about the future, and stressors right now can get in the way of living a fulfilling, happy life. Rebecca Hahn, MA, LPC (she/her) of Counseling for Progress, LLC can help you sort through your emotions, experiences, and thoughts to make progress now. As a team, you and Rebecca Hahn can work together to reach your goals and bring a sense of calm and happiness to your daily life.
(412) 424-6143 View (412) 424-6143
Photo of Jaclynn Wise, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Jaclynn Wise
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15235
It can be difficult to navigate finding mental health care, but you’ve made it this far. I view my role as holding a warm space for us to explore what is working and not working for you in your life. Most of us weren’t taught how to experience our emotions mindfully and respond with intention. It makes sense that many of us struggle with responding to our emotions compassionately. I may help you identify, understand, and accept difficult internal experiences while taking meaningful action in your life.
It can be difficult to navigate finding mental health care, but you’ve made it this far. I view my role as holding a warm space for us to explore what is working and not working for you in your life. Most of us weren’t taught how to experience our emotions mindfully and respond with intention. It makes sense that many of us struggle with responding to our emotions compassionately. I may help you identify, understand, and accept difficult internal experiences while taking meaningful action in your life.
(412) 923-0436 View (412) 923-0436
Photo of Peace of Mind Therapy and Wellness, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Peace of Mind Therapy and Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15218  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Kionna has observed that over time, trauma impacts both the mind and body. She strongly believes that addressing the healing of both aspects simultaneously leads to lasting recovery. While many clients intellectually grasp their truth, the emotional aspect often hinders complete release and healing from past events. This can occasionally lead to feelings of being trapped and uncertain.Her main goal is teaching clients about the central nervous system and how it responds to trauma. By understanding how trauma impacts the mind and body, Kionna empowers her clients to work towards holistic healing.
Kionna has observed that over time, trauma impacts both the mind and body. She strongly believes that addressing the healing of both aspects simultaneously leads to lasting recovery. While many clients intellectually grasp their truth, the emotional aspect often hinders complete release and healing from past events. This can occasionally lead to feelings of being trapped and uncertain.Her main goal is teaching clients about the central nervous system and how it responds to trauma. By understanding how trauma impacts the mind and body, Kionna empowers her clients to work towards holistic healing.
(412) 561-9449 View (412) 561-9449
Photo of Sheila Milnes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Sheila Milnes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, MA, NPC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
Accepting New Clients April 2023. Afterschool and Weekend Appointments Available, now taking UPMC and Highmark insurance. These are tough times for children and the parents who love them. One in six American children are struggling with mental health issues. You may feel worried about your child and unsure of what to do to help. Unfortunately, children don’t have the ability to tell us what is wrong. They tell us with their behavior. I specialize exclusively in the treatment of children, and have 40 years of experience learning to understand them and how best to help.
Accepting New Clients April 2023. Afterschool and Weekend Appointments Available, now taking UPMC and Highmark insurance. These are tough times for children and the parents who love them. One in six American children are struggling with mental health issues. You may feel worried about your child and unsure of what to do to help. Unfortunately, children don’t have the ability to tell us what is wrong. They tell us with their behavior. I specialize exclusively in the treatment of children, and have 40 years of experience learning to understand them and how best to help.
(412) 838-4889 View (412) 838-4889
Photo of Rachel Freeman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Rachel Freeman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15210  (Online Only)
I work primarily with adolescents and young adults who struggle with emotion regulation, depression, anxiety and trauma.
I work primarily with adolescents and young adults who struggle with emotion regulation, depression, anxiety and trauma.
(412) 790-1571 View (412) 790-1571
Photo of Ashley Van Alen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Ashley Van Alen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15208  (Online Only)
Emotions require movement and at times when we find ourselves stuck, it is helpful to have support to find our path forward. If you're struggling to cope with stress, anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, or simply want to live a more fulfilled life, you don't have to suffer alone. I believe in the power of the therapeutic connection, and offer a supportive space for vulnerability and growth to help you live your most fulfilled life.
Emotions require movement and at times when we find ourselves stuck, it is helpful to have support to find our path forward. If you're struggling to cope with stress, anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, or simply want to live a more fulfilled life, you don't have to suffer alone. I believe in the power of the therapeutic connection, and offer a supportive space for vulnerability and growth to help you live your most fulfilled life.
(412) 207-3947 View (412) 207-3947
Photo of Carter Cunningham, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Carter Cunningham
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15216
I am passionate about helping individuals on their path to self-discovery and leading a genuine and authentic life. Drawing upon my background in counseling and neuroscience, I integrate Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and existentialism into my approach. I aim to help individuals cultivate openness, awareness, and engagement with themselves, their loved ones, and the world around them. By incorporating meditation, relevant literature, art, and nature, I aim to create a holistic therapeutic experience. These elements enrich the exploration of subjective experiences, self-perception, and the profound aspects of existence.
I am passionate about helping individuals on their path to self-discovery and leading a genuine and authentic life. Drawing upon my background in counseling and neuroscience, I integrate Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and existentialism into my approach. I aim to help individuals cultivate openness, awareness, and engagement with themselves, their loved ones, and the world around them. By incorporating meditation, relevant literature, art, and nature, I aim to create a holistic therapeutic experience. These elements enrich the exploration of subjective experiences, self-perception, and the profound aspects of existence.
(412) 960-1185 View (412) 960-1185
Photo of Shivam Gosai, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Shivam Gosai
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, MS
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15232
Some paths to pursuing growth can leave you feeling labeled, picked apart, or wondering what's "wrong" with you. But I believe you are whole and complete, just as you are. Healing is a journey not toward fixing perceived damages, but toward rediscovering the wholeness that has been there all along. In our therapy sessions, I'll walk alongside you on that journey. I bring a spiritual perspective into the room that bears witness to your inherent wisdom. Through the exploration of your inner world, we'll partner in your deep healing and spiritual freedom. This is so much more than a temporary "band-aid" approach.
Some paths to pursuing growth can leave you feeling labeled, picked apart, or wondering what's "wrong" with you. But I believe you are whole and complete, just as you are. Healing is a journey not toward fixing perceived damages, but toward rediscovering the wholeness that has been there all along. In our therapy sessions, I'll walk alongside you on that journey. I bring a spiritual perspective into the room that bears witness to your inherent wisdom. Through the exploration of your inner world, we'll partner in your deep healing and spiritual freedom. This is so much more than a temporary "band-aid" approach.
(412) 899-2651 View (412) 899-2651
Photo of Emma Mahony, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Emma Mahony
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15221  (Online Only)
Hello! I am excited to meet you! My approach emphasizes three key areas: your relationship with yourself, with others, and with the world around you. We'll explore both past and present experiences to deepen your awareness and comprehension of your journey thus far, guiding you toward the future you envision and feels a little better.
Hello! I am excited to meet you! My approach emphasizes three key areas: your relationship with yourself, with others, and with the world around you. We'll explore both past and present experiences to deepen your awareness and comprehension of your journey thus far, guiding you toward the future you envision and feels a little better.
(412) 618-2515 View (412) 618-2515
Photo of Michelle Crawford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Michelle Crawford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Michelle is a Licensed Clinical Certified Social Worker (LCCSW) in Maryland and Pennsylvania. She is passionate about educating people about domestic violence, sexual assault, and human trafficking. Michelle works with adults with anxiety, depression, along with those with trauma.
Michelle is a Licensed Clinical Certified Social Worker (LCCSW) in Maryland and Pennsylvania. She is passionate about educating people about domestic violence, sexual assault, and human trafficking. Michelle works with adults with anxiety, depression, along with those with trauma.
(412) 684-6728 View (412) 684-6728
Photo of Brenda Slagle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Brenda Slagle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Brenda Slagle is a Nationally Board Certified Counselor (NCC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Pennsylvania with over 6 years of experience. Brenda specializes in treating clients with complex PTSD, major depression, panic disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, addiction, social anxiety, bipolar, and others. She completed her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from the University of Pittsburgh and her Master's degree in Professional Counseling from Carlow University.
Brenda Slagle is a Nationally Board Certified Counselor (NCC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Pennsylvania with over 6 years of experience. Brenda specializes in treating clients with complex PTSD, major depression, panic disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, addiction, social anxiety, bipolar, and others. She completed her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from the University of Pittsburgh and her Master's degree in Professional Counseling from Carlow University.
(412) 312-3960 View (412) 312-3960
Photo of Meggan Hudspeth, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Meggan Hudspeth
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15235
“Yoga means addition—addition of energy, strength, and beauty to body, mind, and soul.”—Amit Ray, Indian author and spiritualist In order to get to the root of what’s causing your discomfort we have to go towards and not away. This is painful but will cause change. I’m going to ask you to share your story with me. But you don’t have to do it alone. I see myself as both a support and a fierce advocate for clients to assist with their growth and navigation through the barriers. Through the addition of support and guidance I can help increase your energy strength and beauty of your self as a whole.
“Yoga means addition—addition of energy, strength, and beauty to body, mind, and soul.”—Amit Ray, Indian author and spiritualist In order to get to the root of what’s causing your discomfort we have to go towards and not away. This is painful but will cause change. I’m going to ask you to share your story with me. But you don’t have to do it alone. I see myself as both a support and a fierce advocate for clients to assist with their growth and navigation through the barriers. Through the addition of support and guidance I can help increase your energy strength and beauty of your self as a whole.
(412) 896-0076 View (412) 896-0076
Photo of Kayla Harris, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Kayla Harris
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206  (Online Only)
Health is Wealth! Mental clarity and peace are among the greatest values and gifts we can offer ourselves. We can explore areas in your life where you feel like you can grow in, while safely navigating through the traumatic experiences and challenges that have caused cracks in your foundation. This is your time to reclaim your narrative and write the story you want for yourself! I believe in the resilience that exists within all of us and the healing power of the therapeutic relationship. I am dedicated to understanding my clients' unique and multi-faceted identities and experiences as well as cultivating their strengths.
Health is Wealth! Mental clarity and peace are among the greatest values and gifts we can offer ourselves. We can explore areas in your life where you feel like you can grow in, while safely navigating through the traumatic experiences and challenges that have caused cracks in your foundation. This is your time to reclaim your narrative and write the story you want for yourself! I believe in the resilience that exists within all of us and the healing power of the therapeutic relationship. I am dedicated to understanding my clients' unique and multi-faceted identities and experiences as well as cultivating their strengths.
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Photo of Alison Grabell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Alison Grabell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Are you feeling the weight of stress, depression, or anxiety? I'm here to help. I understand that you may be seeking support to cope with the daily struggles of life. You're looking for someone who can provide guidance and practical solutions, someone who truly comprehends the challenges you face. Your goal is clear - to lead a happier, more fulfilling life. Let's work together to make that a reality.
Are you feeling the weight of stress, depression, or anxiety? I'm here to help. I understand that you may be seeking support to cope with the daily struggles of life. You're looking for someone who can provide guidance and practical solutions, someone who truly comprehends the challenges you face. Your goal is clear - to lead a happier, more fulfilling life. Let's work together to make that a reality.
(412) 923-0414 View (412) 923-0414
Photo of Elizabeth Higginbotham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Elizabeth Higginbotham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
I believe that every individual has the power within themselves to achieve any treatment goal they come to Harmony Bay to work towards. My ideal client would be willing to put in the hard work needed to heal, who is willing to learn how to see the power and strength within themselves, and who believes that change is possible. If you are here at Harmony Bay seeking support from our services, you are already there!
I believe that every individual has the power within themselves to achieve any treatment goal they come to Harmony Bay to work towards. My ideal client would be willing to put in the hard work needed to heal, who is willing to learn how to see the power and strength within themselves, and who believes that change is possible. If you are here at Harmony Bay seeking support from our services, you are already there!
(412) 453-3290 View (412) 453-3290
Photo of Dawn Covington, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Dawn Covington
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
My experience is helping individuals and families overcome emotional, mental and spiritual challenges. I will help you identify unhealthy patterns that get in the way of you having a healthy and enjoyable life. We will learn and use positive coping skills and self-awareness skills to help you have satisfaction, fulfillment, growth and to experience new ways of being. My specialties include family problems, depression, mood and anxiety disorders, problems with self-esteem, relationship difficulties, grief and loss issues, trauma/sexual abuse, work issues, life transition issues, parenting, women's issues and anger management.
My experience is helping individuals and families overcome emotional, mental and spiritual challenges. I will help you identify unhealthy patterns that get in the way of you having a healthy and enjoyable life. We will learn and use positive coping skills and self-awareness skills to help you have satisfaction, fulfillment, growth and to experience new ways of being. My specialties include family problems, depression, mood and anxiety disorders, problems with self-esteem, relationship difficulties, grief and loss issues, trauma/sexual abuse, work issues, life transition issues, parenting, women's issues and anger management.
(412) 961-8349 View (412) 961-8349
Photo of David Gresko, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
David Gresko
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15221
I look at each client as a unique individual who requires tailor made and personal treatment. This means that each person I work with receives individualized treatment designed specifically for them and their unique circumstances and history. Currently, I am seeing adult and teenage clients (ages 14+) for individual therapy. My primary areas of expertise include: Depression, Anxiety, Obsessions and Compulsions, Guilt, Grief and Loss, Trauma, Relationship Issues, Life Coaching, Career Counseling, Vocational Discernment, and Christian Counseling.
I look at each client as a unique individual who requires tailor made and personal treatment. This means that each person I work with receives individualized treatment designed specifically for them and their unique circumstances and history. Currently, I am seeing adult and teenage clients (ages 14+) for individual therapy. My primary areas of expertise include: Depression, Anxiety, Obsessions and Compulsions, Guilt, Grief and Loss, Trauma, Relationship Issues, Life Coaching, Career Counseling, Vocational Discernment, and Christian Counseling.
(412) 385-6997 View (412) 385-6997
Photo of Betsy Callomon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Betsy Callomon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
With the many professionals available, why work with me? First, you will find unconditional acceptance. I do not have preconceived notions of who you should, or who I need you to be. Instead, I will support you on your journey to discover who you want and deserve to be. I have experience working in both addiction recovery (chemical and food) and mental/spiritual health (trauma, depression, anxiety) so treat you as a whole person, not a diagnosis. Finally, I chose to leave another career and pursue psychotherapy so that I could do what I believe I was meant to do.
With the many professionals available, why work with me? First, you will find unconditional acceptance. I do not have preconceived notions of who you should, or who I need you to be. Instead, I will support you on your journey to discover who you want and deserve to be. I have experience working in both addiction recovery (chemical and food) and mental/spiritual health (trauma, depression, anxiety) so treat you as a whole person, not a diagnosis. Finally, I chose to leave another career and pursue psychotherapy so that I could do what I believe I was meant to do.
(412) 330-1602 View (412) 330-1602
Photo of Cassandra Dunphy-Lieb, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Cassandra Dunphy-Lieb
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Waitlist for new clients
As a therapist, it is my goal to help you gain a better understanding of who you are, how your brain works, and how this impacts your daily life. In order to allow you to open up in this way, I work hard to provide a safe environment built on respect and collaboration. I will meet you where you are in life and help you to establish what you want your future to look like without judgement. The two of us will work together to personalize each session to fit you and your goals.
As a therapist, it is my goal to help you gain a better understanding of who you are, how your brain works, and how this impacts your daily life. In order to allow you to open up in this way, I work hard to provide a safe environment built on respect and collaboration. I will meet you where you are in life and help you to establish what you want your future to look like without judgement. The two of us will work together to personalize each session to fit you and your goals.
(412) 472-7985 View (412) 472-7985

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.