Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

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Photo of James Rodis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
James Rodis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016  (Online Only)
Do you feel a loss of meaning, pain from a difficult past, or feelings of anxiety and overwhelm? Are you struggling with relationship conflict or renegotiation? When people have experienced complex trauma—whether it is oppression, child abuse, painful relationships, or the struggle of being alive—they often lose trust in themselves and others. Therapy is an opportunity to rebuild trust, redefine your sense of self, choose your values, shift your relationship to the past, create a life of meaning, and build relationship safety. I specialize in working with the LGBTQ, neurodivergent/autistic/ADHD, poly, and kink communities.
Do you feel a loss of meaning, pain from a difficult past, or feelings of anxiety and overwhelm? Are you struggling with relationship conflict or renegotiation? When people have experienced complex trauma—whether it is oppression, child abuse, painful relationships, or the struggle of being alive—they often lose trust in themselves and others. Therapy is an opportunity to rebuild trust, redefine your sense of self, choose your values, shift your relationship to the past, create a life of meaning, and build relationship safety. I specialize in working with the LGBTQ, neurodivergent/autistic/ADHD, poly, and kink communities.
(602) 610-5459 View (602) 610-5459
Photo of Breanna Heaney, Pre-Licensed Professional in Phoenix, AZ
Breanna Heaney
Pre-Licensed Professional, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85027
Hey there! How is your healing journey treating you? Is it like one of those rollercoasters that drops you from thousands of feet in the air, spins you in circles, and makes you want to scream or throw up? Is it like stepping on a Lego piece that appears out of nowhere? Is it like an annoying hiccup that just won’t stop to let you take in a deep breath? Or is it kind of lonely and you’re wanting to talk to someone? Everyone experiences struggles in different ways, and I just want you to know that it takes strength to be vulnerable and reach out for help. I see you and I am here for you.
Hey there! How is your healing journey treating you? Is it like one of those rollercoasters that drops you from thousands of feet in the air, spins you in circles, and makes you want to scream or throw up? Is it like stepping on a Lego piece that appears out of nowhere? Is it like an annoying hiccup that just won’t stop to let you take in a deep breath? Or is it kind of lonely and you’re wanting to talk to someone? Everyone experiences struggles in different ways, and I just want you to know that it takes strength to be vulnerable and reach out for help. I see you and I am here for you.
(623) 281-2080 View (623) 281-2080
Photo of Johnna Harris, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Johnna Harris
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, SEP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Trauma leaves us feeling constantly fearful or numb. The stress and tension in our bodies persist even when there is "nothing wrong." You may be exhausted from feeling this way but powerless to change because no one seems to understand, and nothing seems to work. Whether you have been to countless medical professionals, or this is your first-time considering therapy, you are ready for some relief. You are ready to let go of anxiety and depression dictating your choices. You are ready to wake up in the morning with a sense of hope rather than dread. Most of all, you are ready to get YOU back.
Trauma leaves us feeling constantly fearful or numb. The stress and tension in our bodies persist even when there is "nothing wrong." You may be exhausted from feeling this way but powerless to change because no one seems to understand, and nothing seems to work. Whether you have been to countless medical professionals, or this is your first-time considering therapy, you are ready for some relief. You are ready to let go of anxiety and depression dictating your choices. You are ready to wake up in the morning with a sense of hope rather than dread. Most of all, you are ready to get YOU back.
(602) 497-4573 View (602) 497-4573
Photo of Birches Health, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Birches Health
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Are you worried about your gambling and unsure of where to turn for help? Birches Health is a gambling addiction specialist. Our providers have over 30 years in the field providing high quality problem gambling care individuals struggling with addiction and their loved ones. Our Clinical Director was awarded the first contract by the state of Arizona to work with problem gamblers, and to this day we remain contracted with the state to work with gamblers and affected persons across Arizona and the US.
Are you worried about your gambling and unsure of where to turn for help? Birches Health is a gambling addiction specialist. Our providers have over 30 years in the field providing high quality problem gambling care individuals struggling with addiction and their loved ones. Our Clinical Director was awarded the first contract by the state of Arizona to work with problem gamblers, and to this day we remain contracted with the state to work with gamblers and affected persons across Arizona and the US.
(928) 767-7501 View (928) 767-7501
Photo of Taylor Oribello, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Phoenix, AZ
Taylor Oribello
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85032
Throughout my education and work experiences, I have discovered my passion in helping adolescent and adult clients through individual, couples, and family therapy. Relationships are a beautiful, challenging, complex part of our lives. I enjoy helping people work through relationship issues, unique family dynamics, and communication difficulties. Whether you are looking to process a past relationship, or work through a current dilemma, I am here to support you and your loved ones using whatever techniques you vibe with the most.
Throughout my education and work experiences, I have discovered my passion in helping adolescent and adult clients through individual, couples, and family therapy. Relationships are a beautiful, challenging, complex part of our lives. I enjoy helping people work through relationship issues, unique family dynamics, and communication difficulties. Whether you are looking to process a past relationship, or work through a current dilemma, I am here to support you and your loved ones using whatever techniques you vibe with the most.
(602) 671-2916 View (602) 671-2916
Photo of Evolution Recovery and Wellness - Chanda Gonzales, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Evolution Recovery and Wellness - Chanda Gonzales
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LISAC, NCC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85032
Not accepting new clients
I am passionate about the opportunity to work with clients to overcome emotional and life challenges and empower them to develop the skills necessary to improve emotional and physical health and live a meaningful, content, and fulfilled life. Addressing the root of most emotional conditions lies most often in resolving traumatic experiences and managing life stressors more effectively. The core issues are addressed by first identifying and acknowledging them, gaining a better understanding of their impact, and then reprogramming the mind and learning coping skills to better navigate life’s challenges.
I am passionate about the opportunity to work with clients to overcome emotional and life challenges and empower them to develop the skills necessary to improve emotional and physical health and live a meaningful, content, and fulfilled life. Addressing the root of most emotional conditions lies most often in resolving traumatic experiences and managing life stressors more effectively. The core issues are addressed by first identifying and acknowledging them, gaining a better understanding of their impact, and then reprogramming the mind and learning coping skills to better navigate life’s challenges.
(480) 428-4034 View (480) 428-4034
Jessica Mormann
CNP, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85015  (Online Only)
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
(623) 303-5735 View (623) 303-5735
Photo of Shuheng Hu, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Shuheng Hu
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Therapy can help us gain a better understanding of ourselves, our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and develop new skills and strategies to cope with life's challenges. Sometimes it's a slow realization that what worked in the past isn't cutting it anymore. Other times, it's a sudden, painful event that leaves us feeling unmoored. Maybe it's been a long-running sense that our experiences or emotions are just different from the people around us. In therapy, we work together to find a new path so that you can feel grounded, happier, and more confident.
Therapy can help us gain a better understanding of ourselves, our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and develop new skills and strategies to cope with life's challenges. Sometimes it's a slow realization that what worked in the past isn't cutting it anymore. Other times, it's a sudden, painful event that leaves us feeling unmoored. Maybe it's been a long-running sense that our experiences or emotions are just different from the people around us. In therapy, we work together to find a new path so that you can feel grounded, happier, and more confident.
(480) 418-8738 View (480) 418-8738
Photo of Dr. Shannon Leah Hendrickson, Psychologist in Phoenix, AZ
Dr. Shannon Leah Hendrickson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Telehealth Only; Do you struggle with imposter syndrome? Do you often find yourself comparing yourself to others around you? Do you worry that your thoughts or experiences are "abnormal" or shameful? So many of my clients come to therapy with these same fears and insecurities. I am no stranger to these very emotions myself! While I know it may seem easier to bottle these feelings up, tuck them away, and pretend they're not there, I also know that you can learn to release them, and I am honored to help. I believe that therapy is a safe space for individuals to explore their true authentic selves without fear of judgment or reprisal.
Telehealth Only; Do you struggle with imposter syndrome? Do you often find yourself comparing yourself to others around you? Do you worry that your thoughts or experiences are "abnormal" or shameful? So many of my clients come to therapy with these same fears and insecurities. I am no stranger to these very emotions myself! While I know it may seem easier to bottle these feelings up, tuck them away, and pretend they're not there, I also know that you can learn to release them, and I am honored to help. I believe that therapy is a safe space for individuals to explore their true authentic selves without fear of judgment or reprisal.
(480) 300-4918 View (480) 300-4918
Photo of Kathleen Jeffery, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Kathleen Jeffery
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85027
Do you want to get at the root of your stress, triggers, anxiety, or depression? Do you want to learn how to be kind to yourself? Do you want you, or your kids, to be able to notice and cope with their emotions? I will help you investigate why that behavior is being triggered in you. I'll help you process the root of that behavior. You'll learn to notice your stress, anxiety, or depression in the moment and to be kind with yourself rather than judgemental. My previous clients have gotten rid of social anxiety, have improved their relationships, have developed new ways to cope, and are living more empowered lives!
Do you want to get at the root of your stress, triggers, anxiety, or depression? Do you want to learn how to be kind to yourself? Do you want you, or your kids, to be able to notice and cope with their emotions? I will help you investigate why that behavior is being triggered in you. I'll help you process the root of that behavior. You'll learn to notice your stress, anxiety, or depression in the moment and to be kind with yourself rather than judgemental. My previous clients have gotten rid of social anxiety, have improved their relationships, have developed new ways to cope, and are living more empowered lives!
(480) 725-5596 View (480) 725-5596
Photo of Cassidy Pavelich, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Cassidy Pavelich
Counselor, LAC, MS
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85007
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Maybe unsure of a good place to start seeking the peace you need? I am incredibly passionate about helping individuals overcome the challenges that life sometimes throws at us! My approach to therapy is collaborative and person-centered. I'm down-to-earth and make sure we feel comfortable together so we can take things at a safe pace. Therapy takes time and energy and I honor helping you reach your therapy goals so you can learn tools for the long-run. I love utilizing EMDR therapy for those who want to dive deeper into the therapeutic process.
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Maybe unsure of a good place to start seeking the peace you need? I am incredibly passionate about helping individuals overcome the challenges that life sometimes throws at us! My approach to therapy is collaborative and person-centered. I'm down-to-earth and make sure we feel comfortable together so we can take things at a safe pace. Therapy takes time and energy and I honor helping you reach your therapy goals so you can learn tools for the long-run. I love utilizing EMDR therapy for those who want to dive deeper into the therapeutic process.
(602) 854-9780 View (602) 854-9780
Photo of Jasmine Matthews, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Jasmine Matthews
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85037
Meet Jasmine Matthews-Griffen, a compassionate native of Arizona, dedicated to empowering individuals on their journey through life's trials. With more than 8 years of experience in the behavioral health field, Jasmine has honed her skills in various capacities, making a profound impact on the lives of her clients. As a therapist, Jasmine believes in the power of building strong foundational relationships with her clients. This emphasis on trust and connectivity allows her clients to feel safe and supported throughout their therapeutic journey.
Meet Jasmine Matthews-Griffen, a compassionate native of Arizona, dedicated to empowering individuals on their journey through life's trials. With more than 8 years of experience in the behavioral health field, Jasmine has honed her skills in various capacities, making a profound impact on the lives of her clients. As a therapist, Jasmine believes in the power of building strong foundational relationships with her clients. This emphasis on trust and connectivity allows her clients to feel safe and supported throughout their therapeutic journey.
(623) 500-6673 View (623) 500-6673
Photo of Laura Jesmer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Laura Jesmer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85014
Waitlist for new clients
I strive to create a trusting and collaborative experience that recognizes your unique self, the joys and challenges you have faced, and honors your resilience for your own healing. The therapy process can help increase awareness of your needs, beliefs, and actions, understand and change self-defeating patterns, and build confidence to create healthy situations and relationships. My specialties include trauma/PTSD, anxiety, depression, grief/loss, relationship concerns, LGBT Issues, spirituality and personal growth. I specialize in healing the effects of trauma.
I strive to create a trusting and collaborative experience that recognizes your unique self, the joys and challenges you have faced, and honors your resilience for your own healing. The therapy process can help increase awareness of your needs, beliefs, and actions, understand and change self-defeating patterns, and build confidence to create healthy situations and relationships. My specialties include trauma/PTSD, anxiety, depression, grief/loss, relationship concerns, LGBT Issues, spirituality and personal growth. I specialize in healing the effects of trauma.
(480) 428-2915 View (480) 428-2915
Photo of Heather Brady, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Heather Brady
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85021  (Online Only)
After receiving her master’s degree with distinction in clinical mental health counseling, Heather’s journey as an individual and group therapist began in residential treatment, where she specialized in acceptance and commitment therapy, as well as trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, with diverse youth and their families.
After receiving her master’s degree with distinction in clinical mental health counseling, Heather’s journey as an individual and group therapist began in residential treatment, where she specialized in acceptance and commitment therapy, as well as trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, with diverse youth and their families.
(602) 975-4897 View (602) 975-4897
Photo of Nicholas Rudgear, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Nicholas Rudgear
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85018
I help people find relief from depression, trauma, and ADHD by helping them understand their unique story and how they have come to navigate in the world. We not only identify what isn’t working, but the why behind it. Then, I help them learn to make needed changes and to have more compassionate relationships with themselves and others. I work with those who often feel a deep sense of shame or may never have had a healthy attachment. I partner with those who feel at war with themselves and/or others and engage in negative patterns but struggle to stop it. Ultimately, I help people come home to themselves.
I help people find relief from depression, trauma, and ADHD by helping them understand their unique story and how they have come to navigate in the world. We not only identify what isn’t working, but the why behind it. Then, I help them learn to make needed changes and to have more compassionate relationships with themselves and others. I work with those who often feel a deep sense of shame or may never have had a healthy attachment. I partner with those who feel at war with themselves and/or others and engage in negative patterns but struggle to stop it. Ultimately, I help people come home to themselves.
(480) 637-5663 View (480) 637-5663
Photo of Trinity-One Counseling Services, LLC, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Trinity-One Counseling Services, LLC
Counselor, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85014
I am here to help you with trauma, anxiety, depression, grief and overall well-being. I offer specialized services in a safe and supportive environment.
I am here to help you with trauma, anxiety, depression, grief and overall well-being. I offer specialized services in a safe and supportive environment.
(480) 660-3589 View (480) 660-3589
Photo of Raleisa Parker, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Raleisa Parker
Counselor, MS, NCC, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85032  (Online Only)
When you can't look on the bright side, I will sit with you in the dark. - Alice in Wonderland My goal is to assist individuals on their healing journey, while unlocking any superpowers they may have. By creating a warm, safe, non-judgmental, and supportive environment, I invite you to create your own healing journey and begin anew! The journey of a thousand miles begins with one step. -Lao Tzu
When you can't look on the bright side, I will sit with you in the dark. - Alice in Wonderland My goal is to assist individuals on their healing journey, while unlocking any superpowers they may have. By creating a warm, safe, non-judgmental, and supportive environment, I invite you to create your own healing journey and begin anew! The journey of a thousand miles begins with one step. -Lao Tzu
(623) 294-6963 View (623) 294-6963
Photo of Alicia Romero Henriquez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Alicia Romero Henriquez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85013  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I work with clients on a wide variety of issues. I believe everyone is deserving of healing. Therapy is a collaborative process, and together we can move closer towards growth.
I work with clients on a wide variety of issues. I believe everyone is deserving of healing. Therapy is a collaborative process, and together we can move closer towards growth.
(602) 282-8850 View (602) 282-8850
Photo of Lorie Sirola, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Lorie Sirola
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LISAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Life is difficult! Traumatic events can stop rich joyful, productive lives, I can help you change that! Restore joy, trust and confidence. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Independent Substance Abuse Counselor with a certificate of advanced studies in Trauma, Abuse & Deprivation. Each and every person is created unique and gifted in different areas.​ ​ Everyone has unprocessed Trauma, some large & some seemingly small. Any of which can cause depression, fear, anger, anxiety, dysfunctional relationships, substance/alcohol abuse & much more. Transformation is what I do.
Life is difficult! Traumatic events can stop rich joyful, productive lives, I can help you change that! Restore joy, trust and confidence. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Independent Substance Abuse Counselor with a certificate of advanced studies in Trauma, Abuse & Deprivation. Each and every person is created unique and gifted in different areas.​ ​ Everyone has unprocessed Trauma, some large & some seemingly small. Any of which can cause depression, fear, anger, anxiety, dysfunctional relationships, substance/alcohol abuse & much more. Transformation is what I do.
(602) 223-1604 View (602) 223-1604
Photo of Karyn Romo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Karyn Romo
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85044  (Online Only)
You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience in which you stop to look fear in the face. I believe that the therapeutic journey can be an important part of helping you understand those experiences. I am passionate for getting to know people and providing support as you navigate through transitions in life. I desire to help individuals build healthy self-esteem, heal from traumatic experiences, and live a purposeful life. Life moves forward quickly and we are served best by finding what works, modifying what doesn't, and incorporating those changes to achieve our goals.
You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience in which you stop to look fear in the face. I believe that the therapeutic journey can be an important part of helping you understand those experiences. I am passionate for getting to know people and providing support as you navigate through transitions in life. I desire to help individuals build healthy self-esteem, heal from traumatic experiences, and live a purposeful life. Life moves forward quickly and we are served best by finding what works, modifying what doesn't, and incorporating those changes to achieve our goals.
(602) 483-4977 View (602) 483-4977

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Phoenix, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
76% Self Esteem
70% Stress
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Phoenix, AZ see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Phoenix?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.