Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

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Photo of Tenley Hardin, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Los Angeles, CA
Tenley Hardin
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90045  (Online Only)
I work with all types of clients, but primarily "Type A" women who are familiar with the desire to control aspects in their lives. They long for deeper meaning in their careers. They want a true intimate partnership with a spouse/partner. They are tired of doing life alone. They are afraid time is running out and wonder if marriage and/or motherhood will be a possibility. They are seeking greater balance and peace within themselves, while at the same time, harnessing their innate power.
I work with all types of clients, but primarily "Type A" women who are familiar with the desire to control aspects in their lives. They long for deeper meaning in their careers. They want a true intimate partnership with a spouse/partner. They are tired of doing life alone. They are afraid time is running out and wonder if marriage and/or motherhood will be a possibility. They are seeking greater balance and peace within themselves, while at the same time, harnessing their innate power.
(310) 702-7882 View (310) 702-7882
Photo of Phillip Guttmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Phillip Guttmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90015  (Online Only)
I am a gay licensed therapist in California who believes that change is possible, incrementally. I also believe that what works for one person may not work for another. I particularly enjoy working with LGBTQ clients but also happily see straight clients and find joy in working with all populations and people from all backgrounds. I work well with clients who appreciate some give and take in session. And who are open and ready to work on connecting to a stronger version of themselves - however that looks for you.
I am a gay licensed therapist in California who believes that change is possible, incrementally. I also believe that what works for one person may not work for another. I particularly enjoy working with LGBTQ clients but also happily see straight clients and find joy in working with all populations and people from all backgrounds. I work well with clients who appreciate some give and take in session. And who are open and ready to work on connecting to a stronger version of themselves - however that looks for you.
(213) 668-5589 View (213) 668-5589
Photo of Jessiona A Bryant, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Jessiona A Bryant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90001  (Online Only)
“Sometimes, you have to make a decision that will break your heart but heal your soul.” - Trent Shelton. Sometimes you just can’t. Can’t say no, can’t find motivation, can’t sit through another meeting, can’t stop worrying, can’t wear the mask and pretend to be okay, and/or can’t get out of bed. The list goes on, because at some point or another, we all feel like our struggle is too much to handle. But “trouble don’t last always” and you do not have to face your battles alone. Through a solutions focused and person centered approach, my goal is to help you nourish you.
“Sometimes, you have to make a decision that will break your heart but heal your soul.” - Trent Shelton. Sometimes you just can’t. Can’t say no, can’t find motivation, can’t sit through another meeting, can’t stop worrying, can’t wear the mask and pretend to be okay, and/or can’t get out of bed. The list goes on, because at some point or another, we all feel like our struggle is too much to handle. But “trouble don’t last always” and you do not have to face your battles alone. Through a solutions focused and person centered approach, my goal is to help you nourish you.
(323) 792-1864 View (323) 792-1864
Photo of Efren Lopez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Efren Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90048
Efren is a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) who has been practicing since 2016. He graduated from University of Southern California (USC) with a masters in social work and graduated from University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) with a B.A. in psychology. Efren's approach is primarily centered around developing a working therapeutic relationship in a culturally competent, safe, and empathic environment.
Efren is a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) who has been practicing since 2016. He graduated from University of Southern California (USC) with a masters in social work and graduated from University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) with a B.A. in psychology. Efren's approach is primarily centered around developing a working therapeutic relationship in a culturally competent, safe, and empathic environment.
(323) 760-7732 View (323) 760-7732
Photo of David Leong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
David Leong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90018  (Online Only)
I specialize in the treatment of Gambling disorder. After struggling with my own gambling addiction, I went to back to school to earn my Masters in Social Work to help other problem gamblers do the same; quit gambling for good. Since then, I have dedicated my social work career to helping individuals and family's affected by gambling disorder. I utilize my clinical and personal experience to help you fight your gambling addiction.
I specialize in the treatment of Gambling disorder. After struggling with my own gambling addiction, I went to back to school to earn my Masters in Social Work to help other problem gamblers do the same; quit gambling for good. Since then, I have dedicated my social work career to helping individuals and family's affected by gambling disorder. I utilize my clinical and personal experience to help you fight your gambling addiction.
(213) 583-5993 View (213) 583-5993
Photo of Tracy Santomarco, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Tracy Santomarco
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, #118841
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90048  (Online Only)
Are you beginning your path of healing after discovering you have been entwined in a narcissistic relationship? Whether it was with a romantic partner, family member, boss, or friend, the wounds left behind can run deep. Let's work together to rebuild your sense of self so you can emerge feeling stronger and more connected to who you are meant to be. I offer interactive and supportive sessions where open, honest communication thrive. Laughter and tears also find their place in our sessions as humor can offer perspective alongside compassion and healing.
Are you beginning your path of healing after discovering you have been entwined in a narcissistic relationship? Whether it was with a romantic partner, family member, boss, or friend, the wounds left behind can run deep. Let's work together to rebuild your sense of self so you can emerge feeling stronger and more connected to who you are meant to be. I offer interactive and supportive sessions where open, honest communication thrive. Laughter and tears also find their place in our sessions as humor can offer perspective alongside compassion and healing.
(424) 302-5444 View (424) 302-5444
Photo of Jake Paschke, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Los Angeles, CA
Jake Paschke
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Are you tired of feeling stuck in unhelpful patterns that affect your relationships, work, or sense of self? Do you struggle with feeling overwhelmed, frustrated, or lost in trying to navigate life's challenges? Do you hope for a more authentic and fulfilling life? As your therapist, I understand the emotional toll these struggles can have and specialize in helping individuals overcome anxiety, depression, trauma, and phase-of-life challenges. I firmly believe that change is possible, and I’m here as a member of your emotional support team to guide you through it.
Are you tired of feeling stuck in unhelpful patterns that affect your relationships, work, or sense of self? Do you struggle with feeling overwhelmed, frustrated, or lost in trying to navigate life's challenges? Do you hope for a more authentic and fulfilling life? As your therapist, I understand the emotional toll these struggles can have and specialize in helping individuals overcome anxiety, depression, trauma, and phase-of-life challenges. I firmly believe that change is possible, and I’m here as a member of your emotional support team to guide you through it.
(818) 873-3764 View (818) 873-3764
Photo of Emily Ehrens, Pre-Licensed Professional in Los Angeles, CA
Emily Ehrens
Pre-Licensed Professional, ACSW, CADC, LSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025  (Online Only)
Emily Ehrens is an associate licensed therapist at Trauma Resolution Therapy Group. She has a specialization in mental health, dual diagnosis and addiction counseling working with adolescents, young adults and adults. Emily integrates best practices including modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Trauma Informed Therapy, Mindfulness, Solution-Focused therapy and Brief psychotherapy. Emily’s goal is to reconnect individuals to their values and guide the way for self-acceptance and permission to lead a happy and fulfilling life.
Emily Ehrens is an associate licensed therapist at Trauma Resolution Therapy Group. She has a specialization in mental health, dual diagnosis and addiction counseling working with adolescents, young adults and adults. Emily integrates best practices including modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Trauma Informed Therapy, Mindfulness, Solution-Focused therapy and Brief psychotherapy. Emily’s goal is to reconnect individuals to their values and guide the way for self-acceptance and permission to lead a happy and fulfilling life.
(224) 296-0192 View (224) 296-0192
Photo of Angela Pham, Occupational Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Angela Pham
Occupational Therapist, OTD, OTR/L
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Everyone goes through times that feel really stressful, which can be different for each person. Sometimes, you might feel like there's so much to do and you don't know how to handle it all. It could be things like finishing school or homework on time, helping at home, or finding a balance between work and fun. I believe anyone can learn how to handle these everyday tasks and still have a great life! I work together with my clients to find ways that fit their lifestyle and what they want, while also helping them stay positive and hopeful.
Everyone goes through times that feel really stressful, which can be different for each person. Sometimes, you might feel like there's so much to do and you don't know how to handle it all. It could be things like finishing school or homework on time, helping at home, or finding a balance between work and fun. I believe anyone can learn how to handle these everyday tasks and still have a great life! I work together with my clients to find ways that fit their lifestyle and what they want, while also helping them stay positive and hopeful.
(424) 667-5054 View (424) 667-5054
Photo of Alicia Ramírez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Los Angeles, CA
Alicia Ramírez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, KAP
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90024
I approach psychotherapy as a co-creative alliance between client and therapist. I seek to create a safe, humorous and collaborative space for clients to explore their own ability to access greater insight, clarity and self-awareness. I gravitate towards humanistic, psychodynamic and in-depth psychology (Spiritual) approaches - while also tailoring each session to my client’s particular needs and strengths.
I approach psychotherapy as a co-creative alliance between client and therapist. I seek to create a safe, humorous and collaborative space for clients to explore their own ability to access greater insight, clarity and self-awareness. I gravitate towards humanistic, psychodynamic and in-depth psychology (Spiritual) approaches - while also tailoring each session to my client’s particular needs and strengths.
(310) 564-7130 View (310) 564-7130
Photo of Audrey Levy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Audrey Levy
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90066
I am Dr. Audrey Levy. I live on a houseboat, and my private practice hours are available 24/7 by appointment only. I also make house calls. I am experienced in helping my clients deal with issues such as Loss and Grief Recovery, Substance Abuse, Anger Management, Crisis Counseling, Stress Reduction, Depression and Anxiety. I provide a calm, empathetic, and nurturing environment where you will feel heard, and most importantly, understood. Together we will work on ways to help you understand your feelings and compulsions.
I am Dr. Audrey Levy. I live on a houseboat, and my private practice hours are available 24/7 by appointment only. I also make house calls. I am experienced in helping my clients deal with issues such as Loss and Grief Recovery, Substance Abuse, Anger Management, Crisis Counseling, Stress Reduction, Depression and Anxiety. I provide a calm, empathetic, and nurturing environment where you will feel heard, and most importantly, understood. Together we will work on ways to help you understand your feelings and compulsions.
(310) 736-2814 View (310) 736-2814
Photo of Nicole Flowers, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Nicole Flowers
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90066
Not accepting new clients
Since 2020, even the most resilient have found themselves facing disorientation, high emotions and internal conflict causing them to seek out therapy for the first time. I have experience helping high achieving, overthinking adults who may feel isolated, lonely, or disconnected to themselves, to others and to life and want change but don't know how or where to start. Clients who need a reflective, highly supportive and direct approach have found value in working with me.
Since 2020, even the most resilient have found themselves facing disorientation, high emotions and internal conflict causing them to seek out therapy for the first time. I have experience helping high achieving, overthinking adults who may feel isolated, lonely, or disconnected to themselves, to others and to life and want change but don't know how or where to start. Clients who need a reflective, highly supportive and direct approach have found value in working with me.
(424) 434-4951 View (424) 434-4951
Photo of Sherly Khodadad, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Sherly Khodadad
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Stepping into therapy can be an empowering step towards healing and growth. Many individuals seek therapy for a variety of reasons, such as depression, anxiety, phobias, relationship issues, and a lack of meaning in their lives. If you are driven to grow, develop, and explore your own path in life, then psychotherapy can be a powerful tool to help you live with higher levels of awareness and consciousness. I do integrate BrainSpotting and EMDR to help access parts of the brain that are difficult to reach through conventional therapy methods, allowing allowing for deeper healing and transformation in just a few sessions,
Stepping into therapy can be an empowering step towards healing and growth. Many individuals seek therapy for a variety of reasons, such as depression, anxiety, phobias, relationship issues, and a lack of meaning in their lives. If you are driven to grow, develop, and explore your own path in life, then psychotherapy can be a powerful tool to help you live with higher levels of awareness and consciousness. I do integrate BrainSpotting and EMDR to help access parts of the brain that are difficult to reach through conventional therapy methods, allowing allowing for deeper healing and transformation in just a few sessions,
(310) 982-7225 View (310) 982-7225
Photo of Marni Muenzer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Marni Muenzer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90024
My name is Marni, and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I help adults with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, life transitions, and stress management.
My name is Marni, and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I help adults with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, life transitions, and stress management.
(424) 346-9868 View (424) 346-9868
Photo of Keala Zane, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Keala Zane
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
Hi everyone and welcome! My name is Keala Zane and I want to congratulate you for getting to this important step in your mental health journey. It takes a lot of courage to want to take care of yourself and if you deem us a good fit, I would genuinely be honored to come along that journey with you. Do you find yourself feeling stressed, anxious or depressed? Are you feeling tired, unmotivated, irritable or overwhelmed?
Hi everyone and welcome! My name is Keala Zane and I want to congratulate you for getting to this important step in your mental health journey. It takes a lot of courage to want to take care of yourself and if you deem us a good fit, I would genuinely be honored to come along that journey with you. Do you find yourself feeling stressed, anxious or depressed? Are you feeling tired, unmotivated, irritable or overwhelmed?
(808) 201-2356 View (808) 201-2356
Photo of Samira Dewidar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Samira Dewidar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90039
On the surface you have it “all together” but underneath are struggling with constant anxiety & self doubt. Despite being smart, driven, and incredibly hard working, life feels hard. No matter how much you do or accomplish, you never feel good enough. You always put others first and struggle to say no, even when overwhelmed. You want to heal from old wounds and break unhelpful patterns but you aren’t sure how.
On the surface you have it “all together” but underneath are struggling with constant anxiety & self doubt. Despite being smart, driven, and incredibly hard working, life feels hard. No matter how much you do or accomplish, you never feel good enough. You always put others first and struggle to say no, even when overwhelmed. You want to heal from old wounds and break unhelpful patterns but you aren’t sure how.
(818) 659-9531 View (818) 659-9531
Photo of Dr. Daniel Kaushansky, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Dr. Daniel Kaushansky
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90024  (Online Only)
I'm a clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of anxiety, depression, addiction, and severe mood disorders in adults and adolescents. I'm passionate about helping individuals understand the relationships, experiences, and sometimes unconscious patterns that have shaped their lives. Through compassionate and collaborative exploration, my goal is help you build increased self-awareness and form new understandings of your past and present so you can feel good about the next chapter of your life.
I'm a clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of anxiety, depression, addiction, and severe mood disorders in adults and adolescents. I'm passionate about helping individuals understand the relationships, experiences, and sometimes unconscious patterns that have shaped their lives. Through compassionate and collaborative exploration, my goal is help you build increased self-awareness and form new understandings of your past and present so you can feel good about the next chapter of your life.
(424) 581-1106 View (424) 581-1106
Photo of Alison Iong-Szeto, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Alison Iong-Szeto
Psychologist, CP
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90007
Dr. Alison Iong-Szeto, licensed Clinical Psychologist. I practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Psychodynamic therapy. I also have bilingual and bicultural expertise to work with the Cantonese-speaking population. I treat adults with mood disorders (depression and anxiety, PTSD) and acculturation issues especially dealing with adults with Chinese backgrounds using my bicultural competence, reading, and writing Chinese effectively, and self-esteem issues. I have had 16 years of supervisory experience and deal with a lot of Latino populations.
Dr. Alison Iong-Szeto, licensed Clinical Psychologist. I practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Psychodynamic therapy. I also have bilingual and bicultural expertise to work with the Cantonese-speaking population. I treat adults with mood disorders (depression and anxiety, PTSD) and acculturation issues especially dealing with adults with Chinese backgrounds using my bicultural competence, reading, and writing Chinese effectively, and self-esteem issues. I have had 16 years of supervisory experience and deal with a lot of Latino populations.
(650) 789-6786 View (650) 789-6786
Photo of Andrea Simon, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Los Angeles, CA
Andrea Simon
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025  (Online Only)
Seeking out therapy can be intimidating and difficult. I get it. There are probably a million questions that you have rushing through your mind. Is it worth it? Will this even work? Am I just wasting my time? If therapy has crossed your mind, there is a reason for it. My approach to therapy is to create a safe, open and inviting virtual environment filled with compassion, empathy, and acceptance. I am here to support and guide you in your journey of self-exploration and self awareness.
Seeking out therapy can be intimidating and difficult. I get it. There are probably a million questions that you have rushing through your mind. Is it worth it? Will this even work? Am I just wasting my time? If therapy has crossed your mind, there is a reason for it. My approach to therapy is to create a safe, open and inviting virtual environment filled with compassion, empathy, and acceptance. I am here to support and guide you in your journey of self-exploration and self awareness.
(650) 297-6314 View (650) 297-6314
Photo of Lawrence Price, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Lawrence Price
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025
One of the strongest choices you can make is to ask for help when you really need it. Connecting with an objective, non-judgmental person can help you from feeling stuck as you find answers to questions like: How do I deal with a complicated relationship? What is my true calling? How do I navigate my way through anxiety, stress, depression and addiction? Why do I keep making the same old choices? What do I need to do to feel better? Therapy is a profound step in creating the clarity you're seeking to lead a more stable, sustainable life.
One of the strongest choices you can make is to ask for help when you really need it. Connecting with an objective, non-judgmental person can help you from feeling stuck as you find answers to questions like: How do I deal with a complicated relationship? What is my true calling? How do I navigate my way through anxiety, stress, depression and addiction? Why do I keep making the same old choices? What do I need to do to feel better? Therapy is a profound step in creating the clarity you're seeking to lead a more stable, sustainable life.
(424) 294-8894 View (424) 294-8894

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Los Angeles, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Los Angeles, CA see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Los Angeles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.