Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Photo of Stephanie Ann Harness-Gambill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Stephanie Ann Harness-Gambill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Walking with people through some of their most difficult times is an honor and a responsibility that I do not take lightly. I have worked with children, adolescents, families, and adults in my career as a social worker. I am passionate about working with individuals who desire to do their own personal growth work, and families wishing to develop healthier boundaries and communication patterns that honor authenticity, connection, and compassion.
Walking with people through some of their most difficult times is an honor and a responsibility that I do not take lightly. I have worked with children, adolescents, families, and adults in my career as a social worker. I am passionate about working with individuals who desire to do their own personal growth work, and families wishing to develop healthier boundaries and communication patterns that honor authenticity, connection, and compassion.
(865) 213-7341 View (865) 213-7341
Photo of Cindy Jobe-Yago, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Cindy Jobe-Yago
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
Hi, my name is Cindy Jobe-Yago, MA and I love working with people who are ready to make changes. It takes courage to consider therapy and I would be happy to walk alongside you throughout the process. My main objective is to help others reach their goals and experience the life they want. Currently I am working toward my LPC (Licensed Professional Counselor) and am under supervision by Ryan Peters, LPC-MHSP, ACS, NCC and Azmat Moinuddin, LPC-MHSP.
Hi, my name is Cindy Jobe-Yago, MA and I love working with people who are ready to make changes. It takes courage to consider therapy and I would be happy to walk alongside you throughout the process. My main objective is to help others reach their goals and experience the life they want. Currently I am working toward my LPC (Licensed Professional Counselor) and am under supervision by Ryan Peters, LPC-MHSP, ACS, NCC and Azmat Moinuddin, LPC-MHSP.
(865) 338-5384 View (865) 338-5384
Photo of Jillian Creswell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Jillian Creswell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37917
Waitlist for new clients
Are you struggling with challenges related to daily stressors, past trauma or life transitions? I understand that change can be scary, and I am here to help clients through this process. I enjoy working with adults as they navigate life changes, learn skills for managing stress, and improve relationships. I have experience with teens, college students and young professionals, as they explore self-identity, family conflict, and challenges related to work/life balance. I am also passionate about helping clients heal from childhood trauma and find new ways to manage emotions.
Are you struggling with challenges related to daily stressors, past trauma or life transitions? I understand that change can be scary, and I am here to help clients through this process. I enjoy working with adults as they navigate life changes, learn skills for managing stress, and improve relationships. I have experience with teens, college students and young professionals, as they explore self-identity, family conflict, and challenges related to work/life balance. I am also passionate about helping clients heal from childhood trauma and find new ways to manage emotions.
(865) 270-4729 View (865) 270-4729
Photo of Mishi C Worrell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Mishi C Worrell
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Mishi C. Worrell is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2021. Mishi obtained her Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Pentecostal Theological Seminary and also holds a Bachelor's degree in Marketing/Business Administration. Her previous experience includes many years working as a staffing consultant and account executive for principals nationally and internationally. Mishi left the business arena and entered clinical services after years of finding herself functioning in the dual roles of helping with intrapersonal issues and closing business deals.
Mishi C. Worrell is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2021. Mishi obtained her Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Pentecostal Theological Seminary and also holds a Bachelor's degree in Marketing/Business Administration. Her previous experience includes many years working as a staffing consultant and account executive for principals nationally and internationally. Mishi left the business arena and entered clinical services after years of finding herself functioning in the dual roles of helping with intrapersonal issues and closing business deals.
(865) 351-6403 View (865) 351-6403
Photo of Hannah Hatfield, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Hannah Hatfield
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Hi there! Finding a therapist is the beginning of your journey towards growth and transformation. Although embarking on this journey can be difficult, attending therapy is an act of willingness, strength, and courage. As a therapist, it is my goal to offer empathetic, compassionate understanding to each client by being warm, relatable, and personable. Every client’s experience and reason for seeking therapy are unique. I aim to meet clients where they are by providing them with a safe place to collaboratively set and meet achievable goals. I would be honored to work with you as you navigate your therapeutic journey.
Hi there! Finding a therapist is the beginning of your journey towards growth and transformation. Although embarking on this journey can be difficult, attending therapy is an act of willingness, strength, and courage. As a therapist, it is my goal to offer empathetic, compassionate understanding to each client by being warm, relatable, and personable. Every client’s experience and reason for seeking therapy are unique. I aim to meet clients where they are by providing them with a safe place to collaboratively set and meet achievable goals. I would be honored to work with you as you navigate your therapeutic journey.
(865) 302-3843 View (865) 302-3843
Photo of Kelsie McGlothin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Kelsie McGlothin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Waitlist for new clients
Healing from complex/developmental trauma can feel daunting. My job is to walk alongside you in this process.
Healing from complex/developmental trauma can feel daunting. My job is to walk alongside you in this process.
(865) 213-7670 View (865) 213-7670
Photo of Arthur Hatton, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Arthur Hatton
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37932
Dr. Hatton is a licensed clinical psychologist who received his M.S. in experimental psychology and Psy.D. in clinical psychology from Georgia Southern University. He completed his predoctoral internship at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville Student Counseling Center, where he worked as a full-time staff member for 5 years.Dr. Hatton is a generalist who specializes in mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression, as well as life transitions, religion and spirituality, shyness and social anxiety, stress management, and religious trauma.
Dr. Hatton is a licensed clinical psychologist who received his M.S. in experimental psychology and Psy.D. in clinical psychology from Georgia Southern University. He completed his predoctoral internship at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville Student Counseling Center, where he worked as a full-time staff member for 5 years.Dr. Hatton is a generalist who specializes in mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression, as well as life transitions, religion and spirituality, shyness and social anxiety, stress management, and religious trauma.
(865) 419-7873 View (865) 419-7873
Photo of Salimah Kemp, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Salimah Kemp
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I have a passion for healing mental and emotional pain. I am new to formally helping others; however, helping others pursue better quality of life has always come naturally to me. You only get one life: and my goal is to help you forgive the past, connect to the present, and prepare for the future. Whether you are struggling to find your direction, struggling to assert yourself in your relationships, or looking for someone who can relate to your lived and painful experiences, we will approach these issues collaboratively!
I have a passion for healing mental and emotional pain. I am new to formally helping others; however, helping others pursue better quality of life has always come naturally to me. You only get one life: and my goal is to help you forgive the past, connect to the present, and prepare for the future. Whether you are struggling to find your direction, struggling to assert yourself in your relationships, or looking for someone who can relate to your lived and painful experiences, we will approach these issues collaboratively!
(865) 505-8157 View (865) 505-8157
Photo of Tracy M Serrano, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Tracy M Serrano
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC, E-RYT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Life is tough and we were not created to walk through life alone. I believe my call to counseling is so that I can walk alongside individuals who are desiring growth, healing, and change in any area in their life.
Life is tough and we were not created to walk through life alone. I believe my call to counseling is so that I can walk alongside individuals who are desiring growth, healing, and change in any area in their life.
(865) 280-1845 View (865) 280-1845
Photo of Thomas Langer, Licensed Master Social Worker in Knoxville, TN
Thomas Langer
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37932
Thomas seeks to provide a deeply accepting and non-judgmental space for individuals, couples, and families to explore their thoughts and behaviors as they begin the journey to transform their lives and relationships. He works with his clients to help them define their challenges and create simple objectives on their path toward achieving their mental health goals. Thomas utilizes a holistic and integrative approach, based on each client’s needs, helping them explore all facets of their life and environment as a means to understand and address areas of struggle. His compassionate approach offers an inclusive and comfortable setting.
Thomas seeks to provide a deeply accepting and non-judgmental space for individuals, couples, and families to explore their thoughts and behaviors as they begin the journey to transform their lives and relationships. He works with his clients to help them define their challenges and create simple objectives on their path toward achieving their mental health goals. Thomas utilizes a holistic and integrative approach, based on each client’s needs, helping them explore all facets of their life and environment as a means to understand and address areas of struggle. His compassionate approach offers an inclusive and comfortable setting.
(865) 503-4695 View (865) 503-4695
Photo of Chantel Grosse, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Chantel Grosse
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923  (Online Only)
It can feel overwhelming and frustrating that no matter what you do, you still struggle with difficult emotions seeming in control over you. Maybe it's been hard to even find the motivation to get started with therapy due to feeling stuck, hopeless, and not seeing a way out. You've read books and have had previous experience in therapy, but neither of these have seemed to have worked to help you sort out the difficulties you are experiencing; causing further isolation and leaving you feeling anxious, depressed, and/or angry.
It can feel overwhelming and frustrating that no matter what you do, you still struggle with difficult emotions seeming in control over you. Maybe it's been hard to even find the motivation to get started with therapy due to feeling stuck, hopeless, and not seeing a way out. You've read books and have had previous experience in therapy, but neither of these have seemed to have worked to help you sort out the difficulties you are experiencing; causing further isolation and leaving you feeling anxious, depressed, and/or angry.
(865) 509-9736 View (865) 509-9736
Photo of Regina Reed-Davis Counseling Services , Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Regina Reed-Davis Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37934
FOCUS: Trauma Recovery, Divorce Recovery, Marriage Counseling, Christian Counseling, Premarital Counseling. I am trained in Gottman's Couples therapy, EMDR-Trauma, EFIT-Emotional, CBT-Cognitive Behavioral, Biblical counseling, and Prepare & Enrich Premarital Counseling.
FOCUS: Trauma Recovery, Divorce Recovery, Marriage Counseling, Christian Counseling, Premarital Counseling. I am trained in Gottman's Couples therapy, EMDR-Trauma, EFIT-Emotional, CBT-Cognitive Behavioral, Biblical counseling, and Prepare & Enrich Premarital Counseling.
(865) 217-2051 View (865) 217-2051
Photo of Micah Riley, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Micah Riley
Pre-Licensed Professional, MDiv, MA
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
I love counseling work with adults, adolescents, children (5 y/o+), and couples. Walking along with those experiencing depression, anxiety, relationship issues, low self-esteem, unwanted pornography habits, and spiritual concerns. I believe clients are unique in what they need from therapy. I tailor my work to the individual and integrate different approaches as they are helpful, including cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, attachment theory, motivational interviewing, and mindfulness.
I love counseling work with adults, adolescents, children (5 y/o+), and couples. Walking along with those experiencing depression, anxiety, relationship issues, low self-esteem, unwanted pornography habits, and spiritual concerns. I believe clients are unique in what they need from therapy. I tailor my work to the individual and integrate different approaches as they are helpful, including cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, attachment theory, motivational interviewing, and mindfulness.
(865) 234-3392 x809 View (865) 234-3392 x809
Photo of Haven Counseling Center, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Haven Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, LMFT, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
We are a family-focused counseling clinic in Knoxville, Tennessee, with telehealth availability throughout Tennessee. Haven is a practice that desires to meet the mental health and relational needs of our community, with a particular focus on serving those looking for faith-sensitive services, where belief can be openly integrated into the therapeutic process as clients may desire. We desire to offer a positive and inviting place for adults, children, adolescents, and whole families to receive highly professional support in their emotional and behavioral needs.
We are a family-focused counseling clinic in Knoxville, Tennessee, with telehealth availability throughout Tennessee. Haven is a practice that desires to meet the mental health and relational needs of our community, with a particular focus on serving those looking for faith-sensitive services, where belief can be openly integrated into the therapeutic process as clients may desire. We desire to offer a positive and inviting place for adults, children, adolescents, and whole families to receive highly professional support in their emotional and behavioral needs.
(865) 344-2355 View (865) 344-2355
Photo of Mona Marie Williams-Hayes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Mona Marie Williams-Hayes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
Clients who have wounds, especially interpersonal ones, find that they feel heard without judgement when working with me. I don't get embarrassed or surprised and I think clients find I am warm, genuine, open-minded and respectful. My experience is heavily focused on trauma, especially interpersonal; anxiety; and parenting challenges. Talking with people in counseling is a gift people share with me and I am honored when I can be a part of someone's "story." With 20 years of clinical experience, I have had many opportunities to help people navigate changes in their lives. I believe in the importance of connectedness.
Clients who have wounds, especially interpersonal ones, find that they feel heard without judgement when working with me. I don't get embarrassed or surprised and I think clients find I am warm, genuine, open-minded and respectful. My experience is heavily focused on trauma, especially interpersonal; anxiety; and parenting challenges. Talking with people in counseling is a gift people share with me and I am honored when I can be a part of someone's "story." With 20 years of clinical experience, I have had many opportunities to help people navigate changes in their lives. I believe in the importance of connectedness.
(865) 830-6039 View (865) 830-6039
Photo of Maggie Klotz, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Maggie Klotz
Psychologist, PhD, HSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37909
Accepting New Clients! To have someone open their heart in therapy and trust me with it, is truly an honor. Therapy can be hard. Often times people share things with me they haven’t shared with anyone else. Because of this, I believe the relationship between client and therapist is the most important factor in therapy and what I focus on building first with you. Moreover, I take an integrative approach to therapy, conceptualizing from psychodynamic and interpersonal theories while utilizing interventions from EFT, DBT, CBT and interpersonal theories. All of my work is grounded in multicultural and strength-based views.
Accepting New Clients! To have someone open their heart in therapy and trust me with it, is truly an honor. Therapy can be hard. Often times people share things with me they haven’t shared with anyone else. Because of this, I believe the relationship between client and therapist is the most important factor in therapy and what I focus on building first with you. Moreover, I take an integrative approach to therapy, conceptualizing from psychodynamic and interpersonal theories while utilizing interventions from EFT, DBT, CBT and interpersonal theories. All of my work is grounded in multicultural and strength-based views.
(865) 205-6286 View (865) 205-6286
Photo of Candis Cochran, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Candis Cochran
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919  (Online Only)
Welcome! I applaud you for taking the steps to help yourself grow. I have over 10 years of experience helping people discover how to be the best version of themself. If you feel anxious, overwhelmed or depressed or feel that you are missing out, struggling to find joy or are becoming overly cynical I would love to talk with you and help you figure out what is missing. If you struggle with people pleasing, enabling, or over functioning this can also make life feel overwhelming but I would love to help. If you are struggling to connect with your partner or have a lot of miscommunications I can help you create a thriving marriage.
Welcome! I applaud you for taking the steps to help yourself grow. I have over 10 years of experience helping people discover how to be the best version of themself. If you feel anxious, overwhelmed or depressed or feel that you are missing out, struggling to find joy or are becoming overly cynical I would love to talk with you and help you figure out what is missing. If you struggle with people pleasing, enabling, or over functioning this can also make life feel overwhelming but I would love to help. If you are struggling to connect with your partner or have a lot of miscommunications I can help you create a thriving marriage.
(865) 518-8415 View (865) 518-8415
Photo of Logan Mahan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Logan Mahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Visit my website for real-time availability and to request an appointment. Maybe you can’t do this anymore. You’re stronger than most have ever had to be, but inside you swing between anger and helpless shame, if you let yourself feel anything at all. You keep doing it over and over again—maybe drinking, drugs, sex, rage, self-harm—and you hate it...but on the other hand, hasn't it been more reliable than anything or anyone else? You ask into that inner darkness, "Why am I like this?" But all you get in reply is a desperation to leave it all behind, and then a familiar fear: maybe this is all I deserve or am ever going to get.
Visit my website for real-time availability and to request an appointment. Maybe you can’t do this anymore. You’re stronger than most have ever had to be, but inside you swing between anger and helpless shame, if you let yourself feel anything at all. You keep doing it over and over again—maybe drinking, drugs, sex, rage, self-harm—and you hate it...but on the other hand, hasn't it been more reliable than anything or anyone else? You ask into that inner darkness, "Why am I like this?" But all you get in reply is a desperation to leave it all behind, and then a familiar fear: maybe this is all I deserve or am ever going to get.
(865) 337-8396 View (865) 337-8396
Photo of Megan Hayes, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Megan Hayes
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37918
Are you feeling stuck in a cycle of anxiety or depression and feeling like it will never end? Are you feeling so weighed down by trauma and pain that you are unable to enjoy your daily life? Are you struggling in your relationship and looking for answers? Maybe you’re tired of looking around and seeing others happy and wondering what is wrong with you. Maybe you have a neurodivergent brain, and have no idea how to thrive in the adversity that comes along with it. Maybe you are trying to break the cycle of generational trauma, and looking for support.
Are you feeling stuck in a cycle of anxiety or depression and feeling like it will never end? Are you feeling so weighed down by trauma and pain that you are unable to enjoy your daily life? Are you struggling in your relationship and looking for answers? Maybe you’re tired of looking around and seeing others happy and wondering what is wrong with you. Maybe you have a neurodivergent brain, and have no idea how to thrive in the adversity that comes along with it. Maybe you are trying to break the cycle of generational trauma, and looking for support.
(865) 424-2201 View (865) 424-2201
Photo of 4C Therapeutics, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
4C Therapeutics, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
Accepting new clients- private pay, UHC (commercial), and BCBS! Call and make an appointment within 48 business hours. We pride ourselves in offering compassionate, caring, and collaborative counseling. Our therapist can offer you a meaningful and insightful journey to achieving your goals. We understand reaching out for help can be difficult and finding the right therapist can be challenging. 4C Therapeutics offers an array of services to meet your mental health needs. We look forward to working with you as you take the next steps. Suffering from trauma? We can help. Call us and ask about EMDR!
Accepting new clients- private pay, UHC (commercial), and BCBS! Call and make an appointment within 48 business hours. We pride ourselves in offering compassionate, caring, and collaborative counseling. Our therapist can offer you a meaningful and insightful journey to achieving your goals. We understand reaching out for help can be difficult and finding the right therapist can be challenging. 4C Therapeutics offers an array of services to meet your mental health needs. We look forward to working with you as you take the next steps. Suffering from trauma? We can help. Call us and ask about EMDR!
(865) 401-9869 View (865) 401-9869

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

600+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Aetna
68% Optum

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.