Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

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Photo of Casey Hippenhammer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Casey Hippenhammer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46250  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome! A fundamental part of my practice is the belief that creating a safe place where one can express themself freely and honestly is conducive to healing. I intend to walk alongside you and offer support and guidance to help you gain a sense of peace and control. You may be experiencing depression, anxiety, substance abuse and other problems that are affecting your relationships, career, physical health and friendships. Through listening and applying different therapeutic modalities such as EMDR, I hope to help you find relief and solutions to current pains and past traumas.
Welcome! A fundamental part of my practice is the belief that creating a safe place where one can express themself freely and honestly is conducive to healing. I intend to walk alongside you and offer support and guidance to help you gain a sense of peace and control. You may be experiencing depression, anxiety, substance abuse and other problems that are affecting your relationships, career, physical health and friendships. Through listening and applying different therapeutic modalities such as EMDR, I hope to help you find relief and solutions to current pains and past traumas.
(463) 217-5769 View (463) 217-5769
Photo of Teri Cardwell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Teri Cardwell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
As a therapist, I am most excited to see clients motivated to explore their unknown strengths, widen their horizons, increase their abilities to make informed decisions and lead a life of meaning as they define it. Everyone I have worked with brings to therapy a foundation upon which to grow. Regardless of the problem, an enhanced sense of self is possible. Instilling hope of something better in life is one of my greatest motivations, and assisting others in achieving their goals drew me to this profession.
As a therapist, I am most excited to see clients motivated to explore their unknown strengths, widen their horizons, increase their abilities to make informed decisions and lead a life of meaning as they define it. Everyone I have worked with brings to therapy a foundation upon which to grow. Regardless of the problem, an enhanced sense of self is possible. Instilling hope of something better in life is one of my greatest motivations, and assisting others in achieving their goals drew me to this profession.
(463) 724-2620 View (463) 724-2620
Photo of Catherine Keefer, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Catherine Keefer
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46290
I am a licensed therapist with over 20 years of experience working with adolescents and adults with who suffer from debilitating anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, trauma, substance abuse, as well as life transitions and relationship issues. My goal is to give you a safe and supportive environment to help you in becoming your best self and working through the obstacles that are holding you back.
I am a licensed therapist with over 20 years of experience working with adolescents and adults with who suffer from debilitating anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, trauma, substance abuse, as well as life transitions and relationship issues. My goal is to give you a safe and supportive environment to help you in becoming your best self and working through the obstacles that are holding you back.
(317) 449-7795 View (317) 449-7795
Photo of Michael F Herrmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Michael F Herrmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PhD
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46260
(Biofeedback and Neurobiofeedback see profile for details.) I have been a clinican since 1973. It is through this depth of experience I have come to realize that we are all just innocent beings who, through conditioning, forgot who we truly are - perfect, loving, and whole. Therapy then becomes a process of remembrance and realignment with our true Self.
(Biofeedback and Neurobiofeedback see profile for details.) I have been a clinican since 1973. It is through this depth of experience I have come to realize that we are all just innocent beings who, through conditioning, forgot who we truly are - perfect, loving, and whole. Therapy then becomes a process of remembrance and realignment with our true Self.
(317) 527-1517 View (317) 527-1517
Photo of Natalie ( Samuels ) Seitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Natalie ( Samuels ) Seitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46204  (Online Only)
Bring a cup of tea or coffee with you to our session together, and let's take the time to talk together and hear your story. I specialize in helping adults (18 yrs & older) discover their resiliency and find peace in their everyday lives. I work with those affected by anxiety, depression, trauma and OCD, as well as issues including life changes, perfectionism & self-esteem. I also work with women diagnosed with ADHD, especially those diagnosed later in adulthood, or who are curious if they could have ADHD. My focus is on providing individual therapy, and I like to use an eclectic approach that's tailored to each individual client.
Bring a cup of tea or coffee with you to our session together, and let's take the time to talk together and hear your story. I specialize in helping adults (18 yrs & older) discover their resiliency and find peace in their everyday lives. I work with those affected by anxiety, depression, trauma and OCD, as well as issues including life changes, perfectionism & self-esteem. I also work with women diagnosed with ADHD, especially those diagnosed later in adulthood, or who are curious if they could have ADHD. My focus is on providing individual therapy, and I like to use an eclectic approach that's tailored to each individual client.
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Photo of Timothy G Salmons, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Timothy G Salmons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46204
My ideal client would be someone who wants to change and strive for a strong, safe, and rewarding life. I love the diversity and individuality each person offers to the world. Just come in and be yourself. I provide a calm, peaceful, safe, and judgement free environment where you can relax and know that you are working toward your goals. You will be supported through your journey and learn the coping skills needed to navigate life. I will help you find and build on your strengths, transition to the next phase of your life, and develop the ability to cope with life on your own using proven therapeutic techniques.
My ideal client would be someone who wants to change and strive for a strong, safe, and rewarding life. I love the diversity and individuality each person offers to the world. Just come in and be yourself. I provide a calm, peaceful, safe, and judgement free environment where you can relax and know that you are working toward your goals. You will be supported through your journey and learn the coping skills needed to navigate life. I will help you find and build on your strengths, transition to the next phase of your life, and develop the ability to cope with life on your own using proven therapeutic techniques.
(317) 751-1656 View (317) 751-1656
Ladrienne Cage
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46216
Every individual brings a unique value to their therapy process. Working together, we will explore and build on those qualities to help you move past the events that led you to this moment. My goal is to assist you in creating better mental and emotional spaces in your life by helping you develop skills to address concerns such as depression, anxiety, stressors, life transitions, parenting, and relationship issues, and more. If you are seeking someone with well-rounded experiences (therapeutic foster care, case management, home-based services, school-based services, and community mental health services), feel free to contact me.
Every individual brings a unique value to their therapy process. Working together, we will explore and build on those qualities to help you move past the events that led you to this moment. My goal is to assist you in creating better mental and emotional spaces in your life by helping you develop skills to address concerns such as depression, anxiety, stressors, life transitions, parenting, and relationship issues, and more. If you are seeking someone with well-rounded experiences (therapeutic foster care, case management, home-based services, school-based services, and community mental health services), feel free to contact me.
(463) 250-8578 View (463) 250-8578
Photo of Eddie Journey, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Eddie Journey
Counselor, PhD, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46201  (Online Only)
As a mental health professional, Dr. Journey has a career working alongside predominantly people of color and people of faith who are looking for a healing space that is integrative and engaging. He has a Ph.D., in the areas of American religion, psychology, and culture which challenges him to care in a holistic manner for each person that he accompanies in the clinical space. Working with Dr. Journey means that you are invited to be your truest and most honest version of your self-in-progress!
As a mental health professional, Dr. Journey has a career working alongside predominantly people of color and people of faith who are looking for a healing space that is integrative and engaging. He has a Ph.D., in the areas of American religion, psychology, and culture which challenges him to care in a holistic manner for each person that he accompanies in the clinical space. Working with Dr. Journey means that you are invited to be your truest and most honest version of your self-in-progress!
(317) 836-2131 View (317) 836-2131
Photo of Dylan Stanton, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Dylan Stanton
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46250
I work with clients who are ready for change and are eager to honestly examine their lives-- clients who are ready to explore issues which have generated disappointments, resentments, loneliness, pain, anger, or heartache. Life is hard, and at times we all need someone who will see us, hear us, and help us explore who we are and why we do the things we do. My approach is primarily psychodynamic and it is highly influenced by object relations and attachment theory. I believe our work is a collaborative effort. I provide a compassionate, engaging and respectful environment for clients.
I work with clients who are ready for change and are eager to honestly examine their lives-- clients who are ready to explore issues which have generated disappointments, resentments, loneliness, pain, anger, or heartache. Life is hard, and at times we all need someone who will see us, hear us, and help us explore who we are and why we do the things we do. My approach is primarily psychodynamic and it is highly influenced by object relations and attachment theory. I believe our work is a collaborative effort. I provide a compassionate, engaging and respectful environment for clients.
(317) 204-4579 View (317) 204-4579
Photo of E'lisa Kelley, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
E'lisa Kelley
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46204  (Online Only)
Are you seeking a therapist who offers a safe and compassionate space for exploring your thoughts and emotions? Are you tired of the "one size fits all" approach to therapy and open to incorporating creative expression into your healing journey? If so, then I may be the right fit for you. I'm E'lisa (e-lease), a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) and Registered Art Therapist (ATR) specializing in personalized care tailored to your unique needs and goals. With a person-centered approach, I prioritize collaboration, empathy, and a non-judgmental attitude.
Are you seeking a therapist who offers a safe and compassionate space for exploring your thoughts and emotions? Are you tired of the "one size fits all" approach to therapy and open to incorporating creative expression into your healing journey? If so, then I may be the right fit for you. I'm E'lisa (e-lease), a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) and Registered Art Therapist (ATR) specializing in personalized care tailored to your unique needs and goals. With a person-centered approach, I prioritize collaboration, empathy, and a non-judgmental attitude.
(317) 207-2946 View (317) 207-2946
Photo of Nykasia Williams, Pre-Licensed Professional in Indianapolis, IN
Nykasia Williams
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46220
Not accepting new clients
I strive to empower adolescents, teens, and young adults on their journey to becoming. Together, we’ll explore strategies for managing anxiety/stress, motivation, perfectionism, work-life balance, life transitions, etc. I find that life comes with many challenges, but they are an opportunity for growth and a part of your personal story. Supportively, I help individuals discover purpose, embrace change, find meaning in transitions, and strengthen hope amid uncertainty. With a heart for holistic healing, I am comfortable with creating a safe and welcoming space where individuals can explore the intersection of faith and mental health.
I strive to empower adolescents, teens, and young adults on their journey to becoming. Together, we’ll explore strategies for managing anxiety/stress, motivation, perfectionism, work-life balance, life transitions, etc. I find that life comes with many challenges, but they are an opportunity for growth and a part of your personal story. Supportively, I help individuals discover purpose, embrace change, find meaning in transitions, and strengthen hope amid uncertainty. With a heart for holistic healing, I am comfortable with creating a safe and welcoming space where individuals can explore the intersection of faith and mental health.
(463) 946-4740 View (463) 946-4740
Photo of Annette Kreider, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Annette Kreider
Counselor, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
In 1993, I received my Bachelor of Applied Science degree in Human Development and Family Studies from Purdue University. I graduated in 1997 with my Master of Social Work degree from Indiana University - Purdue University at Indianapolis. I have provided both inpatient and outpatient mental health services to children, adolescents, and adults in a variety of settings including hospitals, community mental health centers, youth residential treatment facilities, group homes, and private practice. My areas of specialization include family issues, parenting/co-parenting, divorce/custody, reunification, relationships and anxiety.
In 1993, I received my Bachelor of Applied Science degree in Human Development and Family Studies from Purdue University. I graduated in 1997 with my Master of Social Work degree from Indiana University - Purdue University at Indianapolis. I have provided both inpatient and outpatient mental health services to children, adolescents, and adults in a variety of settings including hospitals, community mental health centers, youth residential treatment facilities, group homes, and private practice. My areas of specialization include family issues, parenting/co-parenting, divorce/custody, reunification, relationships and anxiety.
(317) 649-8627 View (317) 649-8627
Photo of Kayla Honaker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Kayla Honaker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46236  (Online Only)
Hello! All persons and abilities are welcomed here! I am so glad you have taken the first steps in bettering your mental health and taking time to prioritize yourself. I know therapy can be scary - but I am here to help you feel safe. I am a master's level, licensed clinical social worker in the state of Indiana. I have seven years of experience as a behavioral clinician specializing in supporting people with intellectual and developmental disabilities with co-occurring mental health diagnoses, their family unit, and caregivers.
Hello! All persons and abilities are welcomed here! I am so glad you have taken the first steps in bettering your mental health and taking time to prioritize yourself. I know therapy can be scary - but I am here to help you feel safe. I am a master's level, licensed clinical social worker in the state of Indiana. I have seven years of experience as a behavioral clinician specializing in supporting people with intellectual and developmental disabilities with co-occurring mental health diagnoses, their family unit, and caregivers.
(463) 223-9459 View (463) 223-9459
Photo of Courtney Brinkers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Courtney Brinkers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CSAYC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46220
I truly believe we all have the strength and power within ourselves to heal from trauma and heartache. Channeling that strength can feel impossible with the complexities of everyday life. It is my duty and passion to assist you in building up supports and resources to help you on your journey to recovery and healthy living. I utilize evidence-based therapeutic techniques to help you conquer mental health issues, addictions, emotional disturbances, sexual health issues, relationship strife, grief and loss, and trauma (past and present).
I truly believe we all have the strength and power within ourselves to heal from trauma and heartache. Channeling that strength can feel impossible with the complexities of everyday life. It is my duty and passion to assist you in building up supports and resources to help you on your journey to recovery and healthy living. I utilize evidence-based therapeutic techniques to help you conquer mental health issues, addictions, emotional disturbances, sexual health issues, relationship strife, grief and loss, and trauma (past and present).
(317) 597-6325 View (317) 597-6325
Photo of Courtney Markland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Courtney Markland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46217
Are you navigating life's twists and turns, feeling overwhelmed by stress, anxiety, or unresolved emotions? Are you seeking understanding, a safe haven to work through your overthinking, and discover effective coping mechanisms? Together, we will explore your thoughts, emotions, and behavioral patterns to cultivate insight and facilitate positive changes. Whether we're navigating the complexities of anxiety, processing past traumas, improving relationships, or exploring personal growth, my goal is to empower you towards resilience, self-awareness, and a more fulfilling life.
Are you navigating life's twists and turns, feeling overwhelmed by stress, anxiety, or unresolved emotions? Are you seeking understanding, a safe haven to work through your overthinking, and discover effective coping mechanisms? Together, we will explore your thoughts, emotions, and behavioral patterns to cultivate insight and facilitate positive changes. Whether we're navigating the complexities of anxiety, processing past traumas, improving relationships, or exploring personal growth, my goal is to empower you towards resilience, self-awareness, and a more fulfilling life.
(317) 623-4792 View (317) 623-4792
Photo of Jackson (Jack) Garner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Jackson (Jack) Garner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46204  (Online Only)
Do you identify as gender diverse/non-conforming? Are you questioning or discovering your gender, do you need a safe space to process gender related concerns, or just seeking a referral letter? Jack is a licensed therapist in the states of IN, KY, TN, & IL. Their practice provides Individual Counseling, Holistic Life Coaching, Accelerated Resolution Therapy, and WPATH Referral Letters for medical transition steps (Note: All letters are written per WPATH standards and provided under an Informed Consent Model, meaning just one session with NO additional fees).
Do you identify as gender diverse/non-conforming? Are you questioning or discovering your gender, do you need a safe space to process gender related concerns, or just seeking a referral letter? Jack is a licensed therapist in the states of IN, KY, TN, & IL. Their practice provides Individual Counseling, Holistic Life Coaching, Accelerated Resolution Therapy, and WPATH Referral Letters for medical transition steps (Note: All letters are written per WPATH standards and provided under an Informed Consent Model, meaning just one session with NO additional fees).
(317) 953-8823 View (317) 953-8823
Photo of Bre A. Domescik, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Bre A. Domescik
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46208  (Online Only)
"Let out what is inside of you, for what is inside of you will save you". I believe this quote emphasizes the power of the therapeutic process: personal empowerment through self-expression, self-knowledge, and self-acceptance. In an ever-demanding, stressful, and confusing world, it's easy to lose sight of one of the most healing and fulfilling relationships one can have: the relationship with oneself. I experience therapy as a unique collaboration in which one is guided toward a more profound and restorative understanding of their individuality.
"Let out what is inside of you, for what is inside of you will save you". I believe this quote emphasizes the power of the therapeutic process: personal empowerment through self-expression, self-knowledge, and self-acceptance. In an ever-demanding, stressful, and confusing world, it's easy to lose sight of one of the most healing and fulfilling relationships one can have: the relationship with oneself. I experience therapy as a unique collaboration in which one is guided toward a more profound and restorative understanding of their individuality.
(317) 886-4829 View (317) 886-4829
Photo of Suzanne Shonkwiler, Pre-Licensed Professional in Indianapolis, IN
Suzanne Shonkwiler
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46256
I look to create strong relationships with my clients in a safe, compassionate, and nonjudgmental environment. I hope to provide support and strategies for any challenges that you may be facing and work with you to facilitate growth, healing, and change. My professional and personal background is in music and working with children and adults with special needs, which has given me strong skills in differentiating care for each client regardless of their age or need.
I look to create strong relationships with my clients in a safe, compassionate, and nonjudgmental environment. I hope to provide support and strategies for any challenges that you may be facing and work with you to facilitate growth, healing, and change. My professional and personal background is in music and working with children and adults with special needs, which has given me strong skills in differentiating care for each client regardless of their age or need.
(463) 208-0350 View (463) 208-0350
Photo of Assessment and Counseling Intervention, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Assessment and Counseling Intervention
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46216
We provide COURT ACCEPTED services in Indiana. These services include: Counseling and Therapy, Alcohol and Drug Evaluations, Anger Management Evaluations, SAP Evaluations, Alcohol and Drug Classes, Shoplifting and Theft Prevention Classes, ASAM Level I Treatment, Parenting and more.
We provide COURT ACCEPTED services in Indiana. These services include: Counseling and Therapy, Alcohol and Drug Evaluations, Anger Management Evaluations, SAP Evaluations, Alcohol and Drug Classes, Shoplifting and Theft Prevention Classes, ASAM Level I Treatment, Parenting and more.
(317) 204-8311 View (317) 204-8311
Photo of Aarika White, Psychologist in Indianapolis, IN
Aarika White
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with managing your feelings or tolerating stress and frustration? Is it difficult to be present? Do you find it challenging to state your needs and wants to others in a clear way or compromise with others? Or, are you in the midst of a life transition and finding it more challenging than you thought?
Do you struggle with managing your feelings or tolerating stress and frustration? Is it difficult to be present? Do you find it challenging to state your needs and wants to others in a clear way or compromise with others? Or, are you in the midst of a life transition and finding it more challenging than you thought?
(317) 527-4614 View (317) 527-4614

See more therapy options for Indianapolis

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Indianapolis, IN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
66% Relationship Issues
65% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in Indianapolis, IN see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Indianapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.