Therapists in Grass Valley, CA

Photo of Jay Inglee, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Jay Inglee
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CMH, CPT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Thank You for your time. Over the years I have worked with people from varied walks of life including children with social and emotional difficulties, adolescents facing their own unique challenges, adults, couples and entire families. I have been fortunate to train with experts in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Object Relations, Self Psychology, Play and Sand Tray Therapy as well as, Family Systems, Structural Family Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. In addition, I am certified in the clinical application of hypnotherapy through, and former Vice President of, the American Psychotherapy & Medical Hypnosis Association.
Thank You for your time. Over the years I have worked with people from varied walks of life including children with social and emotional difficulties, adolescents facing their own unique challenges, adults, couples and entire families. I have been fortunate to train with experts in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Object Relations, Self Psychology, Play and Sand Tray Therapy as well as, Family Systems, Structural Family Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. In addition, I am certified in the clinical application of hypnotherapy through, and former Vice President of, the American Psychotherapy & Medical Hypnosis Association.
(530) 771-6416 View (530) 771-6416
Photo of Ramona Beresford-Howe, Psychologist in Grass Valley, CA
Ramona Beresford-Howe
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
You are here because you are ready. You are ready to finally put your past to rest and take charge of those last lingering symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. You have been working hard on yourself but still feel the occasional panic or anger that seems out of proportion or is difficult to control. And it’s time. You know it, you feel it. And you’re ready. Conversely, you might be ready to find the right person or the right job, and despite all your work with self-help books or talk therapy you know there is still a deeper core of PTSD symptoms to work through so that you can move on to bigger and better things.
You are here because you are ready. You are ready to finally put your past to rest and take charge of those last lingering symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. You have been working hard on yourself but still feel the occasional panic or anger that seems out of proportion or is difficult to control. And it’s time. You know it, you feel it. And you’re ready. Conversely, you might be ready to find the right person or the right job, and despite all your work with self-help books or talk therapy you know there is still a deeper core of PTSD symptoms to work through so that you can move on to bigger and better things.
(530) 212-7223 View (530) 212-7223
Photo of Christopher Shirey, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor in Grass Valley, CA
Christopher Shirey
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, APCC
Not Verified Not Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Not accepting new clients
Now part of Kindred Heart Therapy Group. Many people know where they would like to be, but are unsure of how to get there. You may find yourself worrying about different parts of your life and looking for help. Together, we can process different aspects of your life and work toward reaching your goals. Meeting with a therapist can be an intimidating experience, but I hope you can take the time to give yourself an opportunity to see how I can help.
Now part of Kindred Heart Therapy Group. Many people know where they would like to be, but are unsure of how to get there. You may find yourself worrying about different parts of your life and looking for help. Together, we can process different aspects of your life and work toward reaching your goals. Meeting with a therapist can be an intimidating experience, but I hope you can take the time to give yourself an opportunity to see how I can help.
(530) 236-6873 View (530) 236-6873
Photo of Darryl Quinn, Psychologist in Grass Valley, CA
Darryl Quinn
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Waitlist for new clients
I would be honored to help you in self-discovery and change. It takes a lot of courage to travel down that path. I often can intuit the key issues underlying a person’s suffering, which are often relational-both within ourselves and with others. To be kind and yet direct, and to really see you-both as you are now and how you want to become more whole. Finding clarity, compassion, and new ways to effectively deal with problems are essential in therapy. I will help you find where you are stuck and ways to get unstuck, by changing how you process both your thoughts and feelings. I work with both adults and couples.
I would be honored to help you in self-discovery and change. It takes a lot of courage to travel down that path. I often can intuit the key issues underlying a person’s suffering, which are often relational-both within ourselves and with others. To be kind and yet direct, and to really see you-both as you are now and how you want to become more whole. Finding clarity, compassion, and new ways to effectively deal with problems are essential in therapy. I will help you find where you are stuck and ways to get unstuck, by changing how you process both your thoughts and feelings. I work with both adults and couples.
(530) 296-6757 View (530) 296-6757
Photo of Laila Julietta Murfin, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Grass Valley, CA
Laila Julietta Murfin
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, R-DMT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Waitlist for new clients
I am currently accepting adult clients for Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. Are you struggling to find center in a world that is constantly moving out from under your feet? It is possible to find stability in chaos. Are you straining to find pleasure in your daily experience? Do you find yourself pushing away the people you love most while you yearn for the soft heart of connection? It can be terrifying to share your pain with another. While life may feel overwhelming and impossible despite your best efforts, it doesn’t have to be this way forever. You can live with greater inner stability, more joy, and nourishing relationships.
I am currently accepting adult clients for Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. Are you struggling to find center in a world that is constantly moving out from under your feet? It is possible to find stability in chaos. Are you straining to find pleasure in your daily experience? Do you find yourself pushing away the people you love most while you yearn for the soft heart of connection? It can be terrifying to share your pain with another. While life may feel overwhelming and impossible despite your best efforts, it doesn’t have to be this way forever. You can live with greater inner stability, more joy, and nourishing relationships.
(530) 212-7267 View (530) 212-7267
Photo of Bonnie Lee Eskie, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Bonnie Lee Eskie
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CHT, CMT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Life can be challenging. Are you feeling depressed, anxious, overwhelmed, and stuck? Would you like life to be more fulfilling, and feel happy, empowered, and satisfied in your close relationships? Would you like to learn communication techniques and stress management skills that really work? Are you interested in transformation. If so I can help. My aim is to help you get quick relief in your life now, and empower you with skills, and tools to discover your innate wisdom, in the face of life challenges. I will help you create the life you want and love the life you live.
Life can be challenging. Are you feeling depressed, anxious, overwhelmed, and stuck? Would you like life to be more fulfilling, and feel happy, empowered, and satisfied in your close relationships? Would you like to learn communication techniques and stress management skills that really work? Are you interested in transformation. If so I can help. My aim is to help you get quick relief in your life now, and empower you with skills, and tools to discover your innate wisdom, in the face of life challenges. I will help you create the life you want and love the life you live.
(530) 235-5541 View (530) 235-5541
Photo of Robert Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Robert Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
I believe in the healing force within each person and its natural inclination to arc towards wholeness and health. If we want it enough, have patience, clarity and support we can heal and feel freedom in life. Growth happens best in relationship and I am here to support you on your path, wherever that might be. I am anchored in Jungian psychology, Existentialism and AEDP/Somatic work. More importantly, I try to cultivate a sense of warmth, care, respect and curiosity in my work with clients. I work with clients experiencing: anxiety, depression, grief, relationship/family issues, PTSD, self-criticism and lack of meaning.
I believe in the healing force within each person and its natural inclination to arc towards wholeness and health. If we want it enough, have patience, clarity and support we can heal and feel freedom in life. Growth happens best in relationship and I am here to support you on your path, wherever that might be. I am anchored in Jungian psychology, Existentialism and AEDP/Somatic work. More importantly, I try to cultivate a sense of warmth, care, respect and curiosity in my work with clients. I work with clients experiencing: anxiety, depression, grief, relationship/family issues, PTSD, self-criticism and lack of meaning.
(530) 248-6965 View (530) 248-6965
Photo of Olivia Hardt, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Olivia Hardt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
Therapy is a conscious and brave decision. Daily stressors can have the effect of snowballing into something more overtime, a life change can hit out of nowhere, and past experiences seem to seep into the present day when you least expect an arrival. So, the reason(s) for therapy is subjective to you: It could be to improve the relationship you have with yourself and/or others, changing behavioral patterns or habits, seeking alternative perspectives, or to just be heard and seen.
Therapy is a conscious and brave decision. Daily stressors can have the effect of snowballing into something more overtime, a life change can hit out of nowhere, and past experiences seem to seep into the present day when you least expect an arrival. So, the reason(s) for therapy is subjective to you: It could be to improve the relationship you have with yourself and/or others, changing behavioral patterns or habits, seeking alternative perspectives, or to just be heard and seen.
(530) 236-6792 View (530) 236-6792
Photo of Victoria Eagle, Psychologist in Grass Valley, CA
Victoria Eagle
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
I work with individual adult and adolescent clients to heal symptoms such as depression, anxiety, addictions, body image issues, somatic pain or illness, suicidal ideation, parent- child related difficulties, and attachment-based wounding. Through the lens of Internal Family Systems, a non-pathologizing approach to healing trauma, I help clients to align with their internal resource for healing, get to know the true meaning of their symptoms, and unburden the pain they carry. Clients report feeling greater connectedness, expanded perspective on their lives and compassion for themselves and others around them following treatment.
I work with individual adult and adolescent clients to heal symptoms such as depression, anxiety, addictions, body image issues, somatic pain or illness, suicidal ideation, parent- child related difficulties, and attachment-based wounding. Through the lens of Internal Family Systems, a non-pathologizing approach to healing trauma, I help clients to align with their internal resource for healing, get to know the true meaning of their symptoms, and unburden the pain they carry. Clients report feeling greater connectedness, expanded perspective on their lives and compassion for themselves and others around them following treatment.
(530) 435-7743 View (530) 435-7743
Photo of Susan Garner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Susan Garner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
I have been a practicing psychotherapist for 20 years, working primarily with individuals and couples (including same sex couples): including individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds, parents and adult children seeking to heal old wounds and improve communication. My work with individual adult clients has focussed primarily on anxiety, panic attacks, depression, adjusting to life transitions and problems in primary relationships. Whatever your objectives, whether to identify and change self-limiting narratives, heal trauma and losses, improve communication skills and/or need couples therapy, I can help you.
I have been a practicing psychotherapist for 20 years, working primarily with individuals and couples (including same sex couples): including individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds, parents and adult children seeking to heal old wounds and improve communication. My work with individual adult clients has focussed primarily on anxiety, panic attacks, depression, adjusting to life transitions and problems in primary relationships. Whatever your objectives, whether to identify and change self-limiting narratives, heal trauma and losses, improve communication skills and/or need couples therapy, I can help you.
(530) 285-2508 View (530) 285-2508
Mervin Kril
MD
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Dr. Mervin Kril works with individuals of all ages but focuses on children, adolescents, and young adults. Dr. Kril uses his experience as a parent, physician, and psychologist to help his patients and their families understand their diagnoses.
Dr. Mervin Kril works with individuals of all ages but focuses on children, adolescents, and young adults. Dr. Kril uses his experience as a parent, physician, and psychologist to help his patients and their families understand their diagnoses.
(855) 743-2006 View (855) 743-2006
Photo of Sean Merrick, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Sean Merrick
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Waitlist for new clients
Having a guide who has experienced life's traumas, and hardships, provides a level of understandings that fosters caring insights. Which encourages deep exploration toward self-discovery. Uncovering internal wisdoms. Where personal courage can lead, allowing an authentic way of being, which becomes the healing process.
Having a guide who has experienced life's traumas, and hardships, provides a level of understandings that fosters caring insights. Which encourages deep exploration toward self-discovery. Uncovering internal wisdoms. Where personal courage can lead, allowing an authentic way of being, which becomes the healing process.
(530) 429-8148 View (530) 429-8148
Photo of Windy DiPietro, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Windy DiPietro
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, Coach, RYT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95949
Tired of tying yourself into knots just to get others to like you? Do you ever feel trapped in a relentless emotional storm, where every disagreement threatens your relationship and overwhelms you? The constant fear of abandonment, the need for constant reassurance – these burdens weigh heavily on your heart. It's like walking an emotional tightrope, longing for love and connection. These patterns, etched into our souls from an early age can lead to unending emotional turmoil and strained relationships. But I understand your deep yearning for love and connection.
Tired of tying yourself into knots just to get others to like you? Do you ever feel trapped in a relentless emotional storm, where every disagreement threatens your relationship and overwhelms you? The constant fear of abandonment, the need for constant reassurance – these burdens weigh heavily on your heart. It's like walking an emotional tightrope, longing for love and connection. These patterns, etched into our souls from an early age can lead to unending emotional turmoil and strained relationships. But I understand your deep yearning for love and connection.
(530) 734-3180 View (530) 734-3180
Photo of Amelia Gough, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Amelia Gough
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
I’m am one of the few therapists seeing in person clients for EMDR therapy in Nevada County. Whether you're struggling with an issue, or just can't shake the feeling that there should be more to life, I can help. I provide a caring environment where you can identify and explore those issues that may be getting in the way of more rewarding relationships. The goal is to help provide you with insight and tools you need to move beyond old, limiting beliefs and behaviors. I have over 25 years experience. I will help you identify limiting beliefs and unhealthy coping mechanisms that are standing in the way of reaching your goals.
I’m am one of the few therapists seeing in person clients for EMDR therapy in Nevada County. Whether you're struggling with an issue, or just can't shake the feeling that there should be more to life, I can help. I provide a caring environment where you can identify and explore those issues that may be getting in the way of more rewarding relationships. The goal is to help provide you with insight and tools you need to move beyond old, limiting beliefs and behaviors. I have over 25 years experience. I will help you identify limiting beliefs and unhealthy coping mechanisms that are standing in the way of reaching your goals.
(530) 554-9319 View (530) 554-9319
Photo of Charline D Tocchi, Psychologist in Grass Valley, CA
Charline D Tocchi
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
My primary philosophy uses a humanistic, embodied approach to somatic psychology. Using developmental based theories, I focus on healing from the inside out. Increasing positive self-awareness motivates the individual to investigate soulful changes that produce more joy and satisfaction in their everyday lives. I continue to see adults, for both assessment and treatment of anxiety, depression, and other life cycle challenges.
My primary philosophy uses a humanistic, embodied approach to somatic psychology. Using developmental based theories, I focus on healing from the inside out. Increasing positive self-awareness motivates the individual to investigate soulful changes that produce more joy and satisfaction in their everyday lives. I continue to see adults, for both assessment and treatment of anxiety, depression, and other life cycle challenges.
(530) 432-2984 View (530) 432-2984
Photo of Matt Preszler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Matt Preszler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
What often brings an individual to therapy is encountering the trials and challenges that life inevitably serves up. If you are struggling to overcome or even cope with the challenges you face I offer you my support in your journey to a more peaceful and fulfilling life. I understand that each client has a unique life situation and history. My goal is to provide an environment that is compassionate, safe and nonjudgmental so that we can identify and achieve the therapeutic goals you desire.
What often brings an individual to therapy is encountering the trials and challenges that life inevitably serves up. If you are struggling to overcome or even cope with the challenges you face I offer you my support in your journey to a more peaceful and fulfilling life. I understand that each client has a unique life situation and history. My goal is to provide an environment that is compassionate, safe and nonjudgmental so that we can identify and achieve the therapeutic goals you desire.
(530) 296-8744 View (530) 296-8744
Photo of Jenna Lauren Artaz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Jenna Lauren Artaz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
Our work together may include coaching, education, homework, meditative practices or breath work, movement, art therapy, and frank communication. I will meet you with compassion, empathy, warmth, and commitment. At times I will challenge your perceptions and assumptions, and offer different perspectives, as a way to increase the many wonderful benefits of therapy. Therapy is a valuable tool in making positive changes, and I am excited to be on this journey with you!
Our work together may include coaching, education, homework, meditative practices or breath work, movement, art therapy, and frank communication. I will meet you with compassion, empathy, warmth, and commitment. At times I will challenge your perceptions and assumptions, and offer different perspectives, as a way to increase the many wonderful benefits of therapy. Therapy is a valuable tool in making positive changes, and I am excited to be on this journey with you!
(530) 203-6279 View (530) 203-6279
Photo of Donita King, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Donita King
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Hello and welcome! As a licensed Marriage and Family Psychotherapist I provide an empathetic and trusting space to share your concerns. Working together we will uncover blocks to peace and contentment, identify and build upon strengths, alleviate symptoms, build more satisfying relationships and move towards bringing balance to your life. I have worked in community mental health for adults, schools and mental health clinics for children, adolescents and their families and have treated a wide range of disorders including-grief and loss, depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma, divorce, relational issues, child behavior issues and parenting.
Hello and welcome! As a licensed Marriage and Family Psychotherapist I provide an empathetic and trusting space to share your concerns. Working together we will uncover blocks to peace and contentment, identify and build upon strengths, alleviate symptoms, build more satisfying relationships and move towards bringing balance to your life. I have worked in community mental health for adults, schools and mental health clinics for children, adolescents and their families and have treated a wide range of disorders including-grief and loss, depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma, divorce, relational issues, child behavior issues and parenting.
(530) 771-6410 View (530) 771-6410
Photo of Julianne Henry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Julianne Henry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, PPS
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
Open to accepting new clients in May 2024. I believe we all have the ability and strength within ourselves to experience emotionally healthy, strong, confident, happy, and successful lives. In a positive, empathetic, respectful, and safe environment, it would be my privilege to work with you to explore your truth, grow your inner strength, and increase your confidence. I assist my clients in making positive life changes by helping them cultivate greater self-awareness and emotional flexibility. With focused support and reflection, let's work together to overcome barriers to you thriving and living your best life.
Open to accepting new clients in May 2024. I believe we all have the ability and strength within ourselves to experience emotionally healthy, strong, confident, happy, and successful lives. In a positive, empathetic, respectful, and safe environment, it would be my privilege to work with you to explore your truth, grow your inner strength, and increase your confidence. I assist my clients in making positive life changes by helping them cultivate greater self-awareness and emotional flexibility. With focused support and reflection, let's work together to overcome barriers to you thriving and living your best life.
(530) 803-4999 View (530) 803-4999
Photo of Alice Folger Stine, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Alice Folger Stine
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Not accepting new clients
I have a quiet approach to helping clients deal with loss, anxiety, and weathering transitions. I have been a licensed MFT for 35 years. In addition to treating those in locked psychiatric hospitals, I was the clinical director for two different residential treatment programs for over 25 years and have supervised over 100 interns.
I have a quiet approach to helping clients deal with loss, anxiety, and weathering transitions. I have been a licensed MFT for 35 years. In addition to treating those in locked psychiatric hospitals, I was the clinical director for two different residential treatment programs for over 25 years and have supervised over 100 interns.
(530) 665-8582 View (530) 665-8582

See more therapy options for Grass Valley

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Grass Valley, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Grass Valley, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Trauma and PTSD
80% Grief
79% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
69% Stress

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

44% Anthem | Elevance
42% Medi-Cal
40% MHN | Health Net

How Therapists in Grass Valley, CA see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Grass Valley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.