Therapists in Walnut Creek, CA

Photo of Caitlin Cotter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Walnut Creek, CA
Caitlin Cotter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Pain and suffering in life is often caused by feeling stuck. With over ten years of experience, I love helping people get unstuck! I can bring skillful support to help yield the change you seek. I believe that everyone has the keys to unlocking themselves from within. However, that doesn’t mean you are on your own. A collaborative, therapeutic relationship can cultivate, restore and strengthen the connection to your own inner wisdom, bringing freedom and greater ease into your life.
Pain and suffering in life is often caused by feeling stuck. With over ten years of experience, I love helping people get unstuck! I can bring skillful support to help yield the change you seek. I believe that everyone has the keys to unlocking themselves from within. However, that doesn’t mean you are on your own. A collaborative, therapeutic relationship can cultivate, restore and strengthen the connection to your own inner wisdom, bringing freedom and greater ease into your life.
(510) 405-7437 View (510) 405-7437
Photo of JerriAnn Grant, Marriage & Family Therapist in Walnut Creek, CA
JerriAnn Grant
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94598
Waitlist for new clients
I offer therapy for individuals, children, adolescents, and families. I work with my clients from an attachment based framework. Underlying my approach in working with clients is the understanding that what really gives us resilience and emotional health is the experience of being securely connected with other people and particularly those who are closest to us.
I offer therapy for individuals, children, adolescents, and families. I work with my clients from an attachment based framework. Underlying my approach in working with clients is the understanding that what really gives us resilience and emotional health is the experience of being securely connected with other people and particularly those who are closest to us.
(925) 392-4437 View (925) 392-4437
Photo of Renee Swanson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Walnut Creek, CA
Renee Swanson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, JD, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
I work with individuals, couples, and partners as they navigate the effects of sex and pornography addiction. Whether your position is as a person who lives with sex addiction or as a partner who has experienced betrayal trauma, I will offer support and hope as we determine the appropriate and workable course to help you maneuver through difficulties and challenges, create more balance and peace, and discover tools to live life with more joy. Additionally, I am experienced in working with substance abuse and addiction, trauma, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.
I work with individuals, couples, and partners as they navigate the effects of sex and pornography addiction. Whether your position is as a person who lives with sex addiction or as a partner who has experienced betrayal trauma, I will offer support and hope as we determine the appropriate and workable course to help you maneuver through difficulties and challenges, create more balance and peace, and discover tools to live life with more joy. Additionally, I am experienced in working with substance abuse and addiction, trauma, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.
(510) 973-4752 View (510) 973-4752
Photo of Jennifer Russo in Walnut Creek, CA
Jennifer Russo
LEP, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
I am a Licensed Educational Psychologist who strives to help all learners reach their potential. I meet individuals and families where they are at in the education process and work together as a partner to create a successful educational experience.
I am a Licensed Educational Psychologist who strives to help all learners reach their potential. I meet individuals and families where they are at in the education process and work together as a partner to create a successful educational experience.
(925) 369-7582 View (925) 369-7582
Photo of Cristina Freeman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Walnut Creek, CA
Cristina Freeman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Not accepting new clients
I offer affordable counseling and consultation for individuals, adolescents, and couples. I am bilingual in Tagalog. My main areas of focus are grief counseling, dating and relationships, adolescents, and late adulthood. In working with clients, I lean towards a humanistic school of thought where a positive therapist-client relationship is emphasized. I also use a supportive, compassionate, accepting, dialogical, increased kindness, challenging, and empathic style of therapy. And, depending on the needs of my clients, I interject appropriate techniques from other counseling theories such as the psychoanalytic and cognitive behavior therapies.
I offer affordable counseling and consultation for individuals, adolescents, and couples. I am bilingual in Tagalog. My main areas of focus are grief counseling, dating and relationships, adolescents, and late adulthood. In working with clients, I lean towards a humanistic school of thought where a positive therapist-client relationship is emphasized. I also use a supportive, compassionate, accepting, dialogical, increased kindness, challenging, and empathic style of therapy. And, depending on the needs of my clients, I interject appropriate techniques from other counseling theories such as the psychoanalytic and cognitive behavior therapies.
(415) 423-2409 View (415) 423-2409
Photo of Lisa Marie Tannehill, Marriage & Family Therapist in Walnut Creek, CA
Lisa Marie Tannehill
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Hi! I'm so glad you're here. Welcome to my profile. Many of the clients I've worked with have experienced a sense of feeling stuck in some area of their life whether it's in their relationships with themselves or with others. They desire for their life to look different, but are at a loss of how to create the change they're longing for and only end up feeling anxious, depressed, or attempting to fill the void or distract from the feelings of overwhelm that a different way of life is possible.
Hi! I'm so glad you're here. Welcome to my profile. Many of the clients I've worked with have experienced a sense of feeling stuck in some area of their life whether it's in their relationships with themselves or with others. They desire for their life to look different, but are at a loss of how to create the change they're longing for and only end up feeling anxious, depressed, or attempting to fill the void or distract from the feelings of overwhelm that a different way of life is possible.
(626) 247-3306 View (626) 247-3306
Photo of Maribel Valencia, Pre-Licensed Professional in Walnut Creek, CA
Maribel Valencia
Pre-Licensed Professional, ACSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94595
Previous to joining the team at Little Dove I have worked with clients from the Golden Gate Regional Center and provided crisis and behavioral support. Additionally I have worked in Alameda County providing community mental health to diverse families. My experience has been in working with families and supporting them by creating a safe space to explore, grow, and heal.
Previous to joining the team at Little Dove I have worked with clients from the Golden Gate Regional Center and provided crisis and behavioral support. Additionally I have worked in Alameda County providing community mental health to diverse families. My experience has been in working with families and supporting them by creating a safe space to explore, grow, and heal.
(510) 576-5473 View (510) 576-5473
Photo of Poppy Haines, Marriage & Family Therapist in Walnut Creek, CA
Poppy Haines
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RYT-200
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94598
I work with individuals, adolescents and youth seeking client centered services who are invested in meaningful change, inquiry, and growth. I offer compassionate and informed guidance to navigate life transitions, anxiety, relational challenges, depression, and general stress and burnout. I draw on my decades of experience in behavioral health to provide thoughtful and effective psychotherapeutic treatment and consultation.
I work with individuals, adolescents and youth seeking client centered services who are invested in meaningful change, inquiry, and growth. I offer compassionate and informed guidance to navigate life transitions, anxiety, relational challenges, depression, and general stress and burnout. I draw on my decades of experience in behavioral health to provide thoughtful and effective psychotherapeutic treatment and consultation.
(925) 568-7420 View (925) 568-7420
Photo of Caroline Gilchrist, Marriage & Family Therapist in Walnut Creek, CA
Caroline Gilchrist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94598
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who regularly provides support for adults, teens, and couples. I specialize in working with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, identity, self-esteem issues, stress management, and life transitions. I am passionate about creating a collaborative relationship to support and empower my clients to achieve their goals and live a fulfilling, authentic life. My therapy style is warm, down-to-earth, and non-judgmental. I strive to create a space that allows for self exploration and personal growth. My goal is for clients to feel heard, understood, and empowered through their journey.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who regularly provides support for adults, teens, and couples. I specialize in working with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, identity, self-esteem issues, stress management, and life transitions. I am passionate about creating a collaborative relationship to support and empower my clients to achieve their goals and live a fulfilling, authentic life. My therapy style is warm, down-to-earth, and non-judgmental. I strive to create a space that allows for self exploration and personal growth. My goal is for clients to feel heard, understood, and empowered through their journey.
(925) 285-5331 View (925) 285-5331
Photo of Elisa (Lisie) Rosenberg Clark, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Walnut Creek, CA
Elisa (Lisie) Rosenberg Clark
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
I'm a direct and empathic therapist. I practice from a neurodiversity affirming, LGBTQ+ celebrating, trauma-informed and intersectional lens to help others feel validated in their unique experiences of the world while also providing them the tools to navigate modern society and relationships with an increased sense of self-compassion and empowerment and decreased sense of shame. I specialize in helping adult women navigate challenges with self esteem and neurodivergence and couples/families of all iterations. I have a collaborative, solution-focused, intuitive therapy style and prioritize building a deep bond with each client.
I'm a direct and empathic therapist. I practice from a neurodiversity affirming, LGBTQ+ celebrating, trauma-informed and intersectional lens to help others feel validated in their unique experiences of the world while also providing them the tools to navigate modern society and relationships with an increased sense of self-compassion and empowerment and decreased sense of shame. I specialize in helping adult women navigate challenges with self esteem and neurodivergence and couples/families of all iterations. I have a collaborative, solution-focused, intuitive therapy style and prioritize building a deep bond with each client.
(510) 588-5928 View (510) 588-5928
Photo of Isabelle M DeArmond, Psychologist in Walnut Creek, CA
Isabelle M DeArmond
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94595
There are times in life when we feel lost and down, when we feel the same story unfold again and again and we desire some change. We may also continuously carry the wounds of previous trauma. As a psychologist and Jungian analyst, my approach is to develop a therapeutic alliance with my patients in a climate of trust and respect for their unfolding life story. Progressively, we develop a relationship with some underlying, hidden aspects of the personality which could, among other avenues, express themselves in dreams. Ultimately, the respectful relationship to one's center, the Self, brings healing and a creative transformation.
There are times in life when we feel lost and down, when we feel the same story unfold again and again and we desire some change. We may also continuously carry the wounds of previous trauma. As a psychologist and Jungian analyst, my approach is to develop a therapeutic alliance with my patients in a climate of trust and respect for their unfolding life story. Progressively, we develop a relationship with some underlying, hidden aspects of the personality which could, among other avenues, express themselves in dreams. Ultimately, the respectful relationship to one's center, the Self, brings healing and a creative transformation.
(707) 825-3202 View (707) 825-3202
Photo of Natalie Webster, Marriage & Family Therapist in Walnut Creek, CA
Natalie Webster
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling stuck? Do you feel like instead of a spiral you are travelling in an endless circle of sadness, fear, arguments, grief, or simply confusion? Sometimes life get's hard and sometimes we get stuck. Therapy is here to help in these moments-- through gentle exploration of your thoughts, feelings, and actions we can work to uncover the places where you are feeling trapped in order to help you create new thoughts, healthier feelings, and actions more in alignment with the person you want to be: whether it be happier, more peaceful, more successful, more calm.
Are you feeling stuck? Do you feel like instead of a spiral you are travelling in an endless circle of sadness, fear, arguments, grief, or simply confusion? Sometimes life get's hard and sometimes we get stuck. Therapy is here to help in these moments-- through gentle exploration of your thoughts, feelings, and actions we can work to uncover the places where you are feeling trapped in order to help you create new thoughts, healthier feelings, and actions more in alignment with the person you want to be: whether it be happier, more peaceful, more successful, more calm.
(925) 690-2114 View (925) 690-2114
Photo of Rabia Khan Licensed Psychotherapist, Counselor in Walnut Creek, CA
Rabia Khan Licensed Psychotherapist
Counselor, LPCC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94598
Hello, Welcome to my virtual space! I'm Rabia. Are you experiencing feelings of being pulled in different directions, stress, or hopelessness? Do you find it challenging to maintain a balance in your life, including your relationships, work, and mental well-being? Is self-compassion a struggle? I specialize in assisting a diverse range of individuals in managing life stressors and preventing burnout. Together, we can identify areas that aren't working and work towards restoring balance. Let's collaborate on your journey to well-being!
Hello, Welcome to my virtual space! I'm Rabia. Are you experiencing feelings of being pulled in different directions, stress, or hopelessness? Do you find it challenging to maintain a balance in your life, including your relationships, work, and mental well-being? Is self-compassion a struggle? I specialize in assisting a diverse range of individuals in managing life stressors and preventing burnout. Together, we can identify areas that aren't working and work towards restoring balance. Let's collaborate on your journey to well-being!
(925) 667-3448 View (925) 667-3448
Photo of Sara M Pollock, Psychologist in Walnut Creek, CA
Sara M Pollock
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94598
Not accepting new clients
My work with adolescents, families, and individual adults is both nurturing and direct. I use a relational, strengths-based, and systemic lens. I strongly believe that the relationship we build together is of fundamental importance to the healing process and that therapy is most effective when I create conditions that allow you to bring your full self into the space. I will tailor our work together to address your particular presenting challenges, taking into account your personal history, your socio-cultural background, your many strengths, and the immense expertise you bring about your own life.
My work with adolescents, families, and individual adults is both nurturing and direct. I use a relational, strengths-based, and systemic lens. I strongly believe that the relationship we build together is of fundamental importance to the healing process and that therapy is most effective when I create conditions that allow you to bring your full self into the space. I will tailor our work together to address your particular presenting challenges, taking into account your personal history, your socio-cultural background, your many strengths, and the immense expertise you bring about your own life.
(925) 478-3345 View (925) 478-3345
Photo of Janelle Webster, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Walnut Creek, CA
Janelle Webster
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Are you concerned your unresolved trauma is holding you back from truly healing? Are you worried that you and your family are not meeting their full potential and are blocked from progression? Is your marriage or relationship not as close as it used to be and a constant source of stress? Together, we can find a path to healing you and your relationships. If you are seeking greater peace from trauma, anxiety, depression, or relationship issues please reach out today.
Are you concerned your unresolved trauma is holding you back from truly healing? Are you worried that you and your family are not meeting their full potential and are blocked from progression? Is your marriage or relationship not as close as it used to be and a constant source of stress? Together, we can find a path to healing you and your relationships. If you are seeking greater peace from trauma, anxiety, depression, or relationship issues please reach out today.
(925) 268-7917 View (925) 268-7917
Photo of Rhiannon Sperry, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Walnut Creek, CA
Rhiannon Sperry
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Taking the step towards a greater understanding of yourself can provide profound insights. Whether you're facing a major life transition or just trying to find your footing, I'm here to help guide you. Together, we'll explore the depths of your experiences with thoughtful curiosity & reflection so you can begin living more in the present. I offer an intentional, collaborative, & nonjudgmental environment to explore complex emotions & discover meaning in your experiences. With a background in yoga & meditation, I integrate mindful movement & somatic awareness skills to help bridge the illusional gap of mind & body.
Taking the step towards a greater understanding of yourself can provide profound insights. Whether you're facing a major life transition or just trying to find your footing, I'm here to help guide you. Together, we'll explore the depths of your experiences with thoughtful curiosity & reflection so you can begin living more in the present. I offer an intentional, collaborative, & nonjudgmental environment to explore complex emotions & discover meaning in your experiences. With a background in yoga & meditation, I integrate mindful movement & somatic awareness skills to help bridge the illusional gap of mind & body.
(510) 916-2581 View (510) 916-2581
Photo of Teri DeLaMontanya in Walnut Creek, CA
Teri DeLaMontanya
RN
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94598
As a RN with over 20 years in Trauma and Emergency Services, I know how unpredictable and challenging life can get. I also know first hand the challenges of serving in the helping professions. I specialize in supporting those in the healthcare workforce, first responders, leaders and more. Is the career you once had passion for now leaving you emotionally and physically exhausted? Do you feel like life is out of balance? I create a safe, non-judgmental space for you to explore what’s weighing on you and help you to move forward. We work together on a plan to help bring more balance, joy, and peace into your life.
As a RN with over 20 years in Trauma and Emergency Services, I know how unpredictable and challenging life can get. I also know first hand the challenges of serving in the helping professions. I specialize in supporting those in the healthcare workforce, first responders, leaders and more. Is the career you once had passion for now leaving you emotionally and physically exhausted? Do you feel like life is out of balance? I create a safe, non-judgmental space for you to explore what’s weighing on you and help you to move forward. We work together on a plan to help bring more balance, joy, and peace into your life.
(925) 369-3009 View (925) 369-3009
Photo of Matthew Meyers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Walnut Creek, CA
Matthew Meyers
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94597  (Online Only)
I'm a solution-focused therapist passionate about helping individuals with life's challenges and building fulfilling lives. My approach is direct, caring, and collaborative, with a strong emphasis on identifying your strengths and empowering you to find lasting solutions. Whether you're struggling with generalized anxiety, social anxiety, Relationship challenges, or work-related stress, I am here to support you in reaching your therapeutic goals.
I'm a solution-focused therapist passionate about helping individuals with life's challenges and building fulfilling lives. My approach is direct, caring, and collaborative, with a strong emphasis on identifying your strengths and empowering you to find lasting solutions. Whether you're struggling with generalized anxiety, social anxiety, Relationship challenges, or work-related stress, I am here to support you in reaching your therapeutic goals.
(925) 428-6726 View (925) 428-6726
Photo of Zuri Montgomery, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Walnut Creek, CA
Zuri Montgomery
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94598  (Online Only)
Do you find life to be draining at times? Waking up angry or anxious with no clear reason why? Experiencing the many stressors of life can become exhausting when you don’t have proper support. I can help provide deeper support that will encourage you to expand your capacity and learn to cope via healthy strategies that we come up with together.
Do you find life to be draining at times? Waking up angry or anxious with no clear reason why? Experiencing the many stressors of life can become exhausting when you don’t have proper support. I can help provide deeper support that will encourage you to expand your capacity and learn to cope via healthy strategies that we come up with together.
(925) 332-0886 View (925) 332-0886
Photo of Crystal Shields, Marriage & Family Therapist in Walnut Creek, CA
Crystal Shields
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94596  (Online Only)
I trust that people are intrinsically good and I feel privileged to be continuously impressed by each person’s unparalleled strengths, resiliencies and transformations. Are you ready to develop a therapeutic relationship that will help you: better understand yourself, feel better about yourself, and progress in the ways that are most important to you? You are the expert of yourself, so your part of this process involves complete openness. I understand that this level of vulnerability requires an immense amount of trust, which is why I will provide you with genuine respect and compassionate empathy all along the way no matter what.
I trust that people are intrinsically good and I feel privileged to be continuously impressed by each person’s unparalleled strengths, resiliencies and transformations. Are you ready to develop a therapeutic relationship that will help you: better understand yourself, feel better about yourself, and progress in the ways that are most important to you? You are the expert of yourself, so your part of this process involves complete openness. I understand that this level of vulnerability requires an immense amount of trust, which is why I will provide you with genuine respect and compassionate empathy all along the way no matter what.
(619) 383-9035 View (619) 383-9035

See more therapy options for Walnut Creek

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Walnut Creek, CA

800+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Walnut Creek, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
65% Grief

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Aetna
50% Cigna and Evernorth
39% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in Walnut Creek, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Walnut Creek?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.