Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Chatonia Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Chatonia Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63119  (Online Only)
You sometimes feel like the weight of the world is on your shoulders and you don’t know where to start. Feeling stressed, irritated, sad, heavy, or hopeless happens to all of us, and it can be hard to show our feelings when we think no one will understand or that we will be judged. You are never alone even when you feel like you are! I am here to listen and to help you feel supported. Let’s work together to help you find more successful ways to utilize your current strengths and resilience in the face of life’s challenges.
You sometimes feel like the weight of the world is on your shoulders and you don’t know where to start. Feeling stressed, irritated, sad, heavy, or hopeless happens to all of us, and it can be hard to show our feelings when we think no one will understand or that we will be judged. You are never alone even when you feel like you are! I am here to listen and to help you feel supported. Let’s work together to help you find more successful ways to utilize your current strengths and resilience in the face of life’s challenges.
(314) 208-2852 x5 View (314) 208-2852 x5
Photo of Beth Chapman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Beth Chapman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Beth and I celebrate your courage and wisdom in searching for this site! I celebrate the individual's strengths in a nonjudgmental collaboration. The mind-body-heart connection, awareness, and trust are the foundation of therapy. The goal is always for your voice to be heard and from that voice to move forward towards your heart's calling. There is no one size fits all therapy.
Hello, my name is Beth and I celebrate your courage and wisdom in searching for this site! I celebrate the individual's strengths in a nonjudgmental collaboration. The mind-body-heart connection, awareness, and trust are the foundation of therapy. The goal is always for your voice to be heard and from that voice to move forward towards your heart's calling. There is no one size fits all therapy.
(833) 209-3773 View (833) 209-3773
Photo of Maria Carella, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Maria Carella
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63119  (Online Only)
I bring 30 years of experience working with women, couples and families. I am a gentle and compassionate listener who works hard to understand you and your concerns. I can help you sort through your thoughts and feelings so that you can make sense of the past and implement a plan for the future which includes clarity and compassion for yourself and others.
I bring 30 years of experience working with women, couples and families. I am a gentle and compassionate listener who works hard to understand you and your concerns. I can help you sort through your thoughts and feelings so that you can make sense of the past and implement a plan for the future which includes clarity and compassion for yourself and others.
(314) 492-5042 View (314) 492-5042
Photo of Amy Frankel, Ph.D., LLC, Psychologist in Saint Louis, MO
Amy Frankel, Ph.D., LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63123
I am a clinical psychologist licensed in the state of Missouri since 1988. I've worked in psychiatric hospitals, residential care facilities, and private practice. I currently work in a solo private practice in south St. Louis County and also as a consultant to a child and adolescent residential treatment program in Florissant. I have been a featured presenter and trainer on a variety of topics to community groups, schools, and mental health organizations.
I am a clinical psychologist licensed in the state of Missouri since 1988. I've worked in psychiatric hospitals, residential care facilities, and private practice. I currently work in a solo private practice in south St. Louis County and also as a consultant to a child and adolescent residential treatment program in Florissant. I have been a featured presenter and trainer on a variety of topics to community groups, schools, and mental health organizations.
(314) 309-3676 View (314) 309-3676
Photo of KEYte to Change EMDR, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
KEYte to Change EMDR, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118
Have you experienced trauma in your life and seem to struggle with the same situations over and over, not knowing how to stop the vicious cycle. Are your emotions problematic, do you repeat unhealthy behaviors, relationships, have an onslaught of negative thoughts and no matter how successful you have become, you feel like a fake, insecure and if people really knew? How many times have you promised that you will stop, alcohol, drugs and really mean it, want it, yet once again fall short. As a veteran, were you in combat, was your military experience depleting, anxiety provoking and your life never the same? What keeps you stuck?
Have you experienced trauma in your life and seem to struggle with the same situations over and over, not knowing how to stop the vicious cycle. Are your emotions problematic, do you repeat unhealthy behaviors, relationships, have an onslaught of negative thoughts and no matter how successful you have become, you feel like a fake, insecure and if people really knew? How many times have you promised that you will stop, alcohol, drugs and really mean it, want it, yet once again fall short. As a veteran, were you in combat, was your military experience depleting, anxiety provoking and your life never the same? What keeps you stuck?
(314) 652-3538 View (314) 652-3538
Photo of Footsteps Counseling, LLC, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Footsteps Counseling, LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109
Are you just f-ing tired? A car accident left you emotionally paralyzed. An assault shook up your life. A recent medical diagnosis or crisis has you questioning what's next. All the "why" questions are flying through your head and the constant noise is driving you nuts. You want things to make sense. You want to feel like yourself again. Most of all, you want to go back in time to the thing that changed your body and do everything in your power to prevent in from happening. The problem is, no one prepared you for this and no one really understands how to help.
Are you just f-ing tired? A car accident left you emotionally paralyzed. An assault shook up your life. A recent medical diagnosis or crisis has you questioning what's next. All the "why" questions are flying through your head and the constant noise is driving you nuts. You want things to make sense. You want to feel like yourself again. Most of all, you want to go back in time to the thing that changed your body and do everything in your power to prevent in from happening. The problem is, no one prepared you for this and no one really understands how to help.
(314) 916-4603 View (314) 916-4603
Photo of Phoebe Thompson, Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Phoebe Thompson
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63131
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My work often uses a person-centered approach, focusing on my client’s presenting issues and exploring to find the core struggles that lead to what is really going on. I believe in meeting the client where they are and including humor whenever possible.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My work often uses a person-centered approach, focusing on my client’s presenting issues and exploring to find the core struggles that lead to what is really going on. I believe in meeting the client where they are and including humor whenever possible.
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Photo of Stacy Blassingame, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Stacy Blassingame
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
It's plain to see that world bombards us with ample reason to live in fear, doubt, and negativity. Yet, we all possess the ability to change, and to make good on the hope toward a rich, full, and confident life. We can't erase our pasts, but we can work together in the present to find new ways of thinking and being that produce the lives we want.
It's plain to see that world bombards us with ample reason to live in fear, doubt, and negativity. Yet, we all possess the ability to change, and to make good on the hope toward a rich, full, and confident life. We can't erase our pasts, but we can work together in the present to find new ways of thinking and being that produce the lives we want.
(314) 462-2626 View (314) 462-2626
Photo of Conscious Momma Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Conscious Momma Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CYT, TCYM
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63109  (Online Only)
You second-guess yourself as a mom and you're sick of it. You feel judged as a mom and are sick of it. The thought of asking for help or saying what you want makes your heart race. You think "I'm too much." You want to feel more confident, calm, joyful. You want to stand up for yourself without feeling like a "b&%$)." But, you stuff the problems down, tell yourself and others “It’s fine” or you cry, yell, and snap at others. You think "I want to feel different but things will never change." You desperately want to let go of the “shoulds”. You deeply want to let go of what keeps swirling in your head and body to feel like yourself!
You second-guess yourself as a mom and you're sick of it. You feel judged as a mom and are sick of it. The thought of asking for help or saying what you want makes your heart race. You think "I'm too much." You want to feel more confident, calm, joyful. You want to stand up for yourself without feeling like a "b&%$)." But, you stuff the problems down, tell yourself and others “It’s fine” or you cry, yell, and snap at others. You think "I want to feel different but things will never change." You desperately want to let go of the “shoulds”. You deeply want to let go of what keeps swirling in your head and body to feel like yourself!
(314) 834-5832 View (314) 834-5832
Photo of Megan J Adamo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Megan J Adamo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63131
I work with adults, adolescents, and children. Often, as adults, we find ourselves stuck. You keep trying, yet things aren’t getting better. Usually, this means you have developed a self-limiting belief. Let’s talk. Together we can identify the root of the issue, develop new core beliefs, and create a plan to develop a more fulfilling life. Children and adolescents need a safe space and a person that accepts them for who they truly are, so they can express themselves openly. I focus on helping them see their true worth to enhance their growth and development, while teaching them skills to express emotions and cope with stressors.
I work with adults, adolescents, and children. Often, as adults, we find ourselves stuck. You keep trying, yet things aren’t getting better. Usually, this means you have developed a self-limiting belief. Let’s talk. Together we can identify the root of the issue, develop new core beliefs, and create a plan to develop a more fulfilling life. Children and adolescents need a safe space and a person that accepts them for who they truly are, so they can express themselves openly. I focus on helping them see their true worth to enhance their growth and development, while teaching them skills to express emotions and cope with stressors.
(636) 428-3547 x417 View (636) 428-3547 x417
Photo of Ann Ramatowski Netzer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Ann Ramatowski Netzer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Hi! I'm Ann. I enjoy working with people who are open-minded, inquisitive and who like to challenge norms. Part of the therapeutic process is about confronting the parts of ourselves that we tend to hide and feel a bit less comfortable with. I'd like to help you get to know your whole self and walk beside you as you question some of the beliefs you've held, which may be in conflict with who you are now. Like you, I've been there and asked myself. "What do I want?" "Who am I?" and "What feels motivating and pleasurable in my life?" It's tough to feel ‘stuck’ and also, it's the start of something brand new.
Hi! I'm Ann. I enjoy working with people who are open-minded, inquisitive and who like to challenge norms. Part of the therapeutic process is about confronting the parts of ourselves that we tend to hide and feel a bit less comfortable with. I'd like to help you get to know your whole self and walk beside you as you question some of the beliefs you've held, which may be in conflict with who you are now. Like you, I've been there and asked myself. "What do I want?" "Who am I?" and "What feels motivating and pleasurable in my life?" It's tough to feel ‘stuck’ and also, it's the start of something brand new.
(314) 820-0456 View (314) 820-0456
Photo of Sara Trunko, LPC Intern in Saint Louis, MO
Sara Trunko
LPC Intern, Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63129
Life often presents us with challenges that can easily become overwhelming or even daunting. In a world filled with relentless to-do lists and constant demands, finding time for ourselves often takes a back seat. Our society doesn’t always encourage the practice of self-care, leaving many of us feeling stretched thin. Investing time and energy in yourself is a powerful choice you can make to begin shifting this dynamic. You deserve the life you want and have the power to make meaningful changes toward that life.
Life often presents us with challenges that can easily become overwhelming or even daunting. In a world filled with relentless to-do lists and constant demands, finding time for ourselves often takes a back seat. Our society doesn’t always encourage the practice of self-care, leaving many of us feeling stretched thin. Investing time and energy in yourself is a powerful choice you can make to begin shifting this dynamic. You deserve the life you want and have the power to make meaningful changes toward that life.
(314) 866-8791 View (314) 866-8791
Photo of Fawn Weber, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Fawn Weber
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63127
Families can find themselves in high conflict, overwhelmed and discontent, having lost the joy of being together but not know why. Some families know why but don't know what to do about it! Some individuals can find themselves feeling unfulfilled, stuck and sad more days than not, while others may feel anxious, worried and self-critical most of the time. Many people have all of this going on at once! If you are looking to improve the communication and calm in your family, or to shut down the self-critical thoughts to feel more confident, I can help.
Families can find themselves in high conflict, overwhelmed and discontent, having lost the joy of being together but not know why. Some families know why but don't know what to do about it! Some individuals can find themselves feeling unfulfilled, stuck and sad more days than not, while others may feel anxious, worried and self-critical most of the time. Many people have all of this going on at once! If you are looking to improve the communication and calm in your family, or to shut down the self-critical thoughts to feel more confident, I can help.
(314) 526-3474 View (314) 526-3474
Photo of Kela L Woods, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Kela L Woods
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63118
Kela Woods is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri with over 10 years experience in Behavioral Health & Social Services. She obtained a Master of Arts in Professional Counseling at Lindenwood University in St. Charles Missouri. Kela’s work experience includes mental health assessments, diagnosing, treatment planning, referrals, crisis intervention and de-escalation. As a therapist Kela is here to listen, to validate, and to provide support in a safe and non-judgemental setting. Kela’s counseling style is warm, empathetic, and client-centered.
Kela Woods is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri with over 10 years experience in Behavioral Health & Social Services. She obtained a Master of Arts in Professional Counseling at Lindenwood University in St. Charles Missouri. Kela’s work experience includes mental health assessments, diagnosing, treatment planning, referrals, crisis intervention and de-escalation. As a therapist Kela is here to listen, to validate, and to provide support in a safe and non-judgemental setting. Kela’s counseling style is warm, empathetic, and client-centered.
(314) 742-9392 View (314) 742-9392
Photo of Amy Gagliardi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Amy Gagliardi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCMC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes we are struggling and don't know why, we have a loss, struggle to keep our emotions in check or have difficulty managing a traumatic event, regardless of the reason, I believe that seeking therapy is your first step to recognizing your strengths, building your skills and beginning the creation of the life you want and deserve.
Sometimes we are struggling and don't know why, we have a loss, struggle to keep our emotions in check or have difficulty managing a traumatic event, regardless of the reason, I believe that seeking therapy is your first step to recognizing your strengths, building your skills and beginning the creation of the life you want and deserve.
(314) 742-9688 View (314) 742-9688
Photo of Steven Carlson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Steven Carlson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MATS, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109
Hello! I am an intuitive therapist who holds safe space for individuals to gain insight, understanding, and healing into themselves and their life experiences. I support you in exploring and living an authentic, empowered, creative and meaningful life. Being seen, understood and accepted as we actually are in this present moment is essential. I am committed to being a compassionate witness and mirror in your transformative journey of healing and (re)discovery. If you’re looking for a philosophically and metaphysically informed psychotherapist, I am your person.
Hello! I am an intuitive therapist who holds safe space for individuals to gain insight, understanding, and healing into themselves and their life experiences. I support you in exploring and living an authentic, empowered, creative and meaningful life. Being seen, understood and accepted as we actually are in this present moment is essential. I am committed to being a compassionate witness and mirror in your transformative journey of healing and (re)discovery. If you’re looking for a philosophically and metaphysically informed psychotherapist, I am your person.
(314) 207-8220 View (314) 207-8220
Photo of Scott Heuer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Scott Heuer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Each of us has a long list of personal strengths within our “SELF”, but too often they go unnoticed due to the overwhelm of life in general. Life is full of experiences that hold a lasting effect on us and deter us from moving forward. I work with you to identify, and utilize these strengths by processing through the barriers of past trauma, stress and anxiety, and the heaviness of a lack of self-worth. I work with any individual no matter their identity, but being someone who has personal life experiences with addiction, who identifies as LGBTQ and is an adoptive parent, I have developed a special interest in these individuals.
Each of us has a long list of personal strengths within our “SELF”, but too often they go unnoticed due to the overwhelm of life in general. Life is full of experiences that hold a lasting effect on us and deter us from moving forward. I work with you to identify, and utilize these strengths by processing through the barriers of past trauma, stress and anxiety, and the heaviness of a lack of self-worth. I work with any individual no matter their identity, but being someone who has personal life experiences with addiction, who identifies as LGBTQ and is an adoptive parent, I have developed a special interest in these individuals.
(314) 328-8731 View (314) 328-8731
Photo of Cortney Dollens, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Cortney Dollens
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
In a world riddled with sadness and struggle, I strive to provide a safe haven for my clients to find support and hope, recognizing that all too often these vital components for living just can't be found anywhere else. My hope is to be source of grounding as you face your struggle, and ultimately, yourself. Counseling can be a transformative and life-changing experience if we are brave enough to engage it with earnestness and sincerity. I'll be with you along the way.
In a world riddled with sadness and struggle, I strive to provide a safe haven for my clients to find support and hope, recognizing that all too often these vital components for living just can't be found anywhere else. My hope is to be source of grounding as you face your struggle, and ultimately, yourself. Counseling can be a transformative and life-changing experience if we are brave enough to engage it with earnestness and sincerity. I'll be with you along the way.
(314) 270-1492 View (314) 270-1492
Photo of Amy Goldstein, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Amy Goldstein
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CSAT, CSAM, CHT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63132
I provide a warm, safe, and supportive environment where my clients can explore their issues and challenges they face. I see a wide array of clients with anxiety, depression, grief, stress, relationship issues, anger issues etc. I feel privileged to be able to offer my assistance to others on this shared journey and commend you for reaching out for help to make things better. I am currently accepting new clients, and my services are offered at a reduced rate which makes affordability an option. My location is in Creve Coeur which is 20 minutes from O'Fallon, 15 minutes to Chesterfield, and approx 25 minutes to downtown.
I provide a warm, safe, and supportive environment where my clients can explore their issues and challenges they face. I see a wide array of clients with anxiety, depression, grief, stress, relationship issues, anger issues etc. I feel privileged to be able to offer my assistance to others on this shared journey and commend you for reaching out for help to make things better. I am currently accepting new clients, and my services are offered at a reduced rate which makes affordability an option. My location is in Creve Coeur which is 20 minutes from O'Fallon, 15 minutes to Chesterfield, and approx 25 minutes to downtown.
(636) 577-2397 View (636) 577-2397
Photo of Latina Gaston, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Latina Gaston
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63112  (Online Only)
As they say now, "Life be life'n!" Challenges arise everyday that may cause you stress, anxiety, or maybe even feel a little less motivated. You need someone neutral to talk to and help you gain an understanding and a different perspective. You want to find solutions to those concerns, but you don't know where to start. Together, we will unpack and explore any challenges. We will work together to reframe negative thought patterns. We will brainstorm and partner on how to navigate your concerns. I will provide tools and resources that you may find helpful along the way.
As they say now, "Life be life'n!" Challenges arise everyday that may cause you stress, anxiety, or maybe even feel a little less motivated. You need someone neutral to talk to and help you gain an understanding and a different perspective. You want to find solutions to those concerns, but you don't know where to start. Together, we will unpack and explore any challenges. We will work together to reframe negative thought patterns. We will brainstorm and partner on how to navigate your concerns. I will provide tools and resources that you may find helpful along the way.
(314) 601-1953 View (314) 601-1953

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
72% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.