Therapists in Kansas City, MO

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Photo of Katie Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Katie Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, LCSW, SEP, RYT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64105
When I first sought out counseling, I hoped therapy would help me fix what was wrong with me. Through my healing journey and professional training I found a more effective starting place. No one needs fixing; we need healing and the tools it takes to begin.
When I first sought out counseling, I hoped therapy would help me fix what was wrong with me. Through my healing journey and professional training I found a more effective starting place. No one needs fixing; we need healing and the tools it takes to begin.
(913) 318-4132 View (913) 318-4132
Photo of Justin Mann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Justin Mann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64111  (Online Only)
Justin Mann is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has 8 years of experience in the mental health field. Justin specializes in helping people overcome their struggles with depression, anxiety, substance use, and trauma. He also specializes in couples counseling and family therapy. Justin enjoys playing music and spending time with his wife and two sons. Justin completed his Master of Social Work (MSW) at Saint Louis University, where he graduated as part of the Phi Alpha Honor Society. He has certifications in Co-Occurring Disorders and Medication Assisted Recovery.
Justin Mann is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has 8 years of experience in the mental health field. Justin specializes in helping people overcome their struggles with depression, anxiety, substance use, and trauma. He also specializes in couples counseling and family therapy. Justin enjoys playing music and spending time with his wife and two sons. Justin completed his Master of Social Work (MSW) at Saint Louis University, where he graduated as part of the Phi Alpha Honor Society. He has certifications in Co-Occurring Disorders and Medication Assisted Recovery.
(417) 216-6071 View (417) 216-6071
Photo of Ann L Hakan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Ann L Hakan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MDiv, LPC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64112
I have been in private practice for over twenty years. During those years I have counseled both individual clients and couples with a variety of issues. These issues include relationship issues, life transitions, abuse, depression, eating disorders, grief, stress, anxiety, sexual identity, and parenting issues. I believe we all go through difficult periods in our lives where we need someone to talk to who can give understanding, support, guidance, tools, and suggestions. I believe that counseling can often help our lives become less painful but instead become more hopeful and fulfilling.
I have been in private practice for over twenty years. During those years I have counseled both individual clients and couples with a variety of issues. These issues include relationship issues, life transitions, abuse, depression, eating disorders, grief, stress, anxiety, sexual identity, and parenting issues. I believe we all go through difficult periods in our lives where we need someone to talk to who can give understanding, support, guidance, tools, and suggestions. I believe that counseling can often help our lives become less painful but instead become more hopeful and fulfilling.
(816) 531-6777 View (816) 531-6777
Photo of Kimberly Levitan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Kimberly Levitan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, LCSW, RPT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64110
Are you a parent that is feeling overwhelmed or exhausted? Do your child's emotional or behavioral problems dominate your day? If your child or family is facing challenges, I'm here to help! I see children ages 4-16 presenting a variety of issues including anxiety, behavior problems, depression, anger management, grief and loss, trauma, adjustment issues, and more.
Are you a parent that is feeling overwhelmed or exhausted? Do your child's emotional or behavioral problems dominate your day? If your child or family is facing challenges, I'm here to help! I see children ages 4-16 presenting a variety of issues including anxiety, behavior problems, depression, anger management, grief and loss, trauma, adjustment issues, and more.
(913) 325-4319 View (913) 325-4319
Photo of Kathryn Grant, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Kathryn Grant
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCAC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64114
I have been in practice 18 years and continue to feel privileged and look forward to meeting with and talking to my clients daily! I love learning about and connecting with the people I work with an I'm enthusiastic in my approach to therapy. I have a background in working with clients with substance use issues and also work extensively with families and loved ones affected by substance use. I also help clients with issues like depression, anxiety, grief and stress. I use mindfulness, meditation, solution focused therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and ACT among others to help clients change their internal dialogs.
I have been in practice 18 years and continue to feel privileged and look forward to meeting with and talking to my clients daily! I love learning about and connecting with the people I work with an I'm enthusiastic in my approach to therapy. I have a background in working with clients with substance use issues and also work extensively with families and loved ones affected by substance use. I also help clients with issues like depression, anxiety, grief and stress. I use mindfulness, meditation, solution focused therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and ACT among others to help clients change their internal dialogs.
(913) 325-4625 View (913) 325-4625
Photo of Suzanne Muehlebach Garrett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Suzanne Muehlebach Garrett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PsyD
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64113
With 30 years experience in mental health, I have a conviction about the human capacity to grow, develop, and adapt throughout life. I appreciate that each person brings to therapy a unique self: the combination of one's personal characteristics, early family relationships, and life experiences. I practice from a psychodynamic perspective to better understand your current situation in a safe therapeutic environment of curiosity and collaboration.
With 30 years experience in mental health, I have a conviction about the human capacity to grow, develop, and adapt throughout life. I appreciate that each person brings to therapy a unique self: the combination of one's personal characteristics, early family relationships, and life experiences. I practice from a psychodynamic perspective to better understand your current situation in a safe therapeutic environment of curiosity and collaboration.
(816) 844-6404 View (816) 844-6404
Photo of Whitney Davison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Whitney Davison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64131
I am a specialist who works with adults and teens ages 14+ on intense anxiety, trauma and complex trauma, dissociation, and personality disorders. My clients come in saying they feel numb and irritable or outright angry at the world. Many wonder if they have ADHD or are on the spectrum. On their worst days, they feel like they are in constant fight or flight mode and teetering on collapse. They want to be able to authentically connect with others and to feel peace and contentment, but are not sure how. Most importantly, my clients want to solve their problems, stop repetitive patterns, and move on with with their lives.
I am a specialist who works with adults and teens ages 14+ on intense anxiety, trauma and complex trauma, dissociation, and personality disorders. My clients come in saying they feel numb and irritable or outright angry at the world. Many wonder if they have ADHD or are on the spectrum. On their worst days, they feel like they are in constant fight or flight mode and teetering on collapse. They want to be able to authentically connect with others and to feel peace and contentment, but are not sure how. Most importantly, my clients want to solve their problems, stop repetitive patterns, and move on with with their lives.
(816) 317-0713 View (816) 317-0713
Photo of Brian Hill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Brian Hill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64138  (Online Only)
I have had the pleasure of working as a therapist since 2001 and have been helpful to people struggling with a variety of difficulties. My clients generally describe me as kind, gentle, calm, and humorous. I practice primarily from a cognitive-behavioral perspective, but also incorporate other models to augment cognitive therapy.
I have had the pleasure of working as a therapist since 2001 and have been helpful to people struggling with a variety of difficulties. My clients generally describe me as kind, gentle, calm, and humorous. I practice primarily from a cognitive-behavioral perspective, but also incorporate other models to augment cognitive therapy.
(785) 543-0671 View (785) 543-0671
Photo of Morgan Brueseke, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kansas City, MO
Morgan Brueseke
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64110
Life is unpredictable, it's messy. We all are learning as we grow, and with the right skills we can learn to tackle any obstacles that are thrown our way. It's important for all of us to have someone to lean on, talk to, help us grow through personal struggles, and that is how I view the therapeutic relationship. Primarily, I work with clients 18+ who struggle with trauma, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, grief, personality disorders, and overall life stressors.
Life is unpredictable, it's messy. We all are learning as we grow, and with the right skills we can learn to tackle any obstacles that are thrown our way. It's important for all of us to have someone to lean on, talk to, help us grow through personal struggles, and that is how I view the therapeutic relationship. Primarily, I work with clients 18+ who struggle with trauma, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, grief, personality disorders, and overall life stressors.
(816) 852-8063 View (816) 852-8063
Photo of Deborah K Rinehart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Deborah K Rinehart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64111
Is life not what you envisioned it to be? Tired of the same fight? Discover PERMANENT solutions to repetitive problems! Specializing in individuals and couples. 35+ YEARS EXPERIENCE HELPING PEOPLE REDEFINE THEIR LIFE COURSE. COUPLES: Discover permanent solutions to repetitive problems. I provide pre/post marital therapy. New relationships welcome! IT IS POSSIBLE TO RECAPTURE LOVE IN YOUR MARRIAGE! LIFE TRANSITION: (Divorce, Loss, Retirement, Empty nesting, Middle-age Slump. Learn to redirect and rejuvenate your life course and find meaning from change, struggle, and transition.
Is life not what you envisioned it to be? Tired of the same fight? Discover PERMANENT solutions to repetitive problems! Specializing in individuals and couples. 35+ YEARS EXPERIENCE HELPING PEOPLE REDEFINE THEIR LIFE COURSE. COUPLES: Discover permanent solutions to repetitive problems. I provide pre/post marital therapy. New relationships welcome! IT IS POSSIBLE TO RECAPTURE LOVE IN YOUR MARRIAGE! LIFE TRANSITION: (Divorce, Loss, Retirement, Empty nesting, Middle-age Slump. Learn to redirect and rejuvenate your life course and find meaning from change, struggle, and transition.
(816) 920-0413 View (816) 920-0413
Photo of Bernadette Borchardt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Bernadette Borchardt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64112
Life can be pretty overwhelming at times. During the stressful times, you may have difficulty finding a way to cope and make the changes necessary to improve your life. The great thing about therapy is that it serves as a way to help you cope with the stressors in your life and helps you make the changes you desire.
Life can be pretty overwhelming at times. During the stressful times, you may have difficulty finding a way to cope and make the changes necessary to improve your life. The great thing about therapy is that it serves as a way to help you cope with the stressors in your life and helps you make the changes you desire.
(816) 396-8056 x1 View (816) 396-8056 x1
Photo of Melaney Courtice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Melaney Courtice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64110  (Online Only)
My Name is Melaney Courtice and I am a neurodivergent therapist. In my practice I work with people who have been affected by a wide range of mental health and social challenges, often including AD/HD, autism and other neurodivergent-related conditions as well as depression, anxiety, trauma… and all the things that come with struggling in this chaotic world we live in. I utilize the Internal Family System (IFS) model and EMDR as the core of my approach to therapy, but I also draw on a range of other therapeutic techniques to ensure that my clients receive a comprehensive and person-centered treatment.
My Name is Melaney Courtice and I am a neurodivergent therapist. In my practice I work with people who have been affected by a wide range of mental health and social challenges, often including AD/HD, autism and other neurodivergent-related conditions as well as depression, anxiety, trauma… and all the things that come with struggling in this chaotic world we live in. I utilize the Internal Family System (IFS) model and EMDR as the core of my approach to therapy, but I also draw on a range of other therapeutic techniques to ensure that my clients receive a comprehensive and person-centered treatment.
(816) 750-5913 View (816) 750-5913
Photo of Zach Sherwood, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kansas City, MO
Zach Sherwood
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC, MSCP
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64131
The focus of my work is helping individuals struggling with addiction and compulsive sexual behaviors that have negatively impacted their relationships, well being, and career. These kind of issues often involve tremendous pain, guilt and shame. If this is your experience, finding a professional who can provide safety and acceptance is crucial. Having a personal journey in recovery, I am especially qualified to help individuals struggling with addiction find long-term solutions. I am passionate about helping you live a life free of addiction. In addition, I work with people struggling with anxiety, depression and spiritual issues.
The focus of my work is helping individuals struggling with addiction and compulsive sexual behaviors that have negatively impacted their relationships, well being, and career. These kind of issues often involve tremendous pain, guilt and shame. If this is your experience, finding a professional who can provide safety and acceptance is crucial. Having a personal journey in recovery, I am especially qualified to help individuals struggling with addiction find long-term solutions. I am passionate about helping you live a life free of addiction. In addition, I work with people struggling with anxiety, depression and spiritual issues.
(816) 338-7173 View (816) 338-7173
Photo of A Balanced Life LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
A Balanced Life LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, MSW, LCSW, LSCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64113
Healing requires restoring trust in yourself and tapping into your strengths and inner wisdom. At A Balanced Life LLC we believe in each person's innate capacity for, and natural progression towards, healing. Our goal is to help you achieve relief, lasting change, and confidence. Trusting you as the expert, our therapeutic approaches follow your lead. A Balanced Life LLC offers therapy to people of all ages and stages of life, matching you to a therapist who provides effective therapy according to your needs and goals.
Healing requires restoring trust in yourself and tapping into your strengths and inner wisdom. At A Balanced Life LLC we believe in each person's innate capacity for, and natural progression towards, healing. Our goal is to help you achieve relief, lasting change, and confidence. Trusting you as the expert, our therapeutic approaches follow your lead. A Balanced Life LLC offers therapy to people of all ages and stages of life, matching you to a therapist who provides effective therapy according to your needs and goals.
(816) 470-9023 x1 View (816) 470-9023 x1
Photo of Nancy McCormick, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Nancy McCormick
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CRAADC, LAC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64112
I believe in the strength of working together to solve life issues. Taking the first step is the hardest; finding a counselor and making the phone call. Congratulations for reaching out to find support and help.
I believe in the strength of working together to solve life issues. Taking the first step is the hardest; finding a counselor and making the phone call. Congratulations for reaching out to find support and help.
(816) 640-4477 View (816) 640-4477
Photo of Larry Ro-Trock, Psychologist in Kansas City, MO
Larry Ro-Trock
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64114
Therapy, as I have practiced it for over 30 years, involves helping a client develop a new clarity about his or her life and its context. Some aspects of their life to explore are: their thoughts, feelings, values, concerns about others, and their concerns about themselves. Once a new clarity about their life is achieved, new solutions to their dilemmas will evolve. I certainly believe that clients are individuals, but I also know that they are connected to larger systems. My extensive knowledge of Individual and Family Systems allows me to work successfully with individuals, couples, and entire families.
Therapy, as I have practiced it for over 30 years, involves helping a client develop a new clarity about his or her life and its context. Some aspects of their life to explore are: their thoughts, feelings, values, concerns about others, and their concerns about themselves. Once a new clarity about their life is achieved, new solutions to their dilemmas will evolve. I certainly believe that clients are individuals, but I also know that they are connected to larger systems. My extensive knowledge of Individual and Family Systems allows me to work successfully with individuals, couples, and entire families.
(816) 523-4440 x1 View (816) 523-4440 x1
Photo of Crystal D Deets, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Crystal D Deets
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSCP, LPC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64154  (Online Only)
Hello! Trying to better understand yourself, the world around you, and changing thinking patterns that don’t seem to fit anymore? I utilize a collaborative process with basis in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, along with Mindfulness Based Approaches to help improve self esteem, compassion, and understanding of self. During our sessions we will explore fixed thinking patterns and how these have held you back. We will then work together to figure out how to move forward. I focus on meeting you where you are, identifying where you would like to be, and working to establish goals and values through small steps
Hello! Trying to better understand yourself, the world around you, and changing thinking patterns that don’t seem to fit anymore? I utilize a collaborative process with basis in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, along with Mindfulness Based Approaches to help improve self esteem, compassion, and understanding of self. During our sessions we will explore fixed thinking patterns and how these have held you back. We will then work together to figure out how to move forward. I focus on meeting you where you are, identifying where you would like to be, and working to establish goals and values through small steps
(816) 466-5236 View (816) 466-5236
Photo of Erin Phillips, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Erin Phillips
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64111  (Online Only)
Erin Phillips is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Missouri who has spent 20 years working with children and families in the child welfare system. She has experience working with generational trauma and foster care and adoption issues. She also has experience working with adults and adolescents who are seeking help for depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and anger management. Erin is alternative lifestyle and LGBTQ+ friendly.
Erin Phillips is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Missouri who has spent 20 years working with children and families in the child welfare system. She has experience working with generational trauma and foster care and adoption issues. She also has experience working with adults and adolescents who are seeking help for depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and anger management. Erin is alternative lifestyle and LGBTQ+ friendly.
(816) 227-6675 View (816) 227-6675
Photo of Bonnie Buchele, Psychologist in Kansas City, MO
Bonnie Buchele
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64112
I believe that most people at some time can benefit from talking with a professional about emotional problems that they are encountering, although many persons I see worry that there is something "wrong" with them and feel they should be able to improve their situations thembselves. Difficulties in relationships, problems concerning work or recovering from bad experiences can be painful parts of life and talking about them can hasten change and improvement. As we develop a relationship with one another and reflect about the problems together, over time, I have found that people discover new ways of meeting the challenges that brought them to me.
I believe that most people at some time can benefit from talking with a professional about emotional problems that they are encountering, although many persons I see worry that there is something "wrong" with them and feel they should be able to improve their situations thembselves. Difficulties in relationships, problems concerning work or recovering from bad experiences can be painful parts of life and talking about them can hasten change and improvement. As we develop a relationship with one another and reflect about the problems together, over time, I have found that people discover new ways of meeting the challenges that brought them to me.
(816) 482-3289 x2 View (816) 482-3289 x2
Photo of Lori Schwartz, Psychologist in Kansas City, MO
Lori Schwartz
Psychologist
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64114
My specialty is working with patients with relationship concerns and adjustment to life circumstances. I enjoy working with young adults and couples and am a certifed sex therapist through the American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors and Therapists. I have experience working with sexual dysfunctions and interpersonal concerns. I really enjoy working together with patients to analyze problems and am active in providing solutions to problems. Secondarily, I enjoy working with adults and children, evaluating educational and emotional concerns. I have had over 20 years of clinical experience.
My specialty is working with patients with relationship concerns and adjustment to life circumstances. I enjoy working with young adults and couples and am a certifed sex therapist through the American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors and Therapists. I have experience working with sexual dysfunctions and interpersonal concerns. I really enjoy working together with patients to analyze problems and am active in providing solutions to problems. Secondarily, I enjoy working with adults and children, evaluating educational and emotional concerns. I have had over 20 years of clinical experience.
(816) 659-3290 View (816) 659-3290

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Kansas City, MO

900+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Kansas City, MO who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% Aetna
58% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Kansas City, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Kansas City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.