Therapists in McLean, VA

Photo of Gabrielle Lipson, Pre-Licensed Professional in McLean, VA
Gabrielle Lipson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSEd, MPhil
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
We often find ourselves seeking help when something is wrong, but I work with families and children to help them see what is right. I believe that humans are fundamentally creative, innovative, compassionate, and fully capable of accessing their joy. The therapeutic process is not one size fits all, nor will it be successful when the therapist calls all of the shots. My clients are the experts, and I work collaboratively to find the best approach to achieve growth.
We often find ourselves seeking help when something is wrong, but I work with families and children to help them see what is right. I believe that humans are fundamentally creative, innovative, compassionate, and fully capable of accessing their joy. The therapeutic process is not one size fits all, nor will it be successful when the therapist calls all of the shots. My clients are the experts, and I work collaboratively to find the best approach to achieve growth.
(571) 450-9296 View (571) 450-9296
Photo of Gwenna Blanden, Psychologist in McLean, VA
Gwenna Blanden
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
I specialize in working with children, teens, and young adults with a broad range of emotional and behavioral concerns, including depression, anxiety, mood, trauma, self-harm, ADHD, defiance/oppositionality, stress/adjustment and life transitions. I also have specialized expertise in providing gender-affirming care and am passionate about working with individuals who identify as transgender, are gender expansive, actively exploring gender and identity, and who may be experiencing the complex emotional concerns that may coincide such as feelings of isolation and depression.
I specialize in working with children, teens, and young adults with a broad range of emotional and behavioral concerns, including depression, anxiety, mood, trauma, self-harm, ADHD, defiance/oppositionality, stress/adjustment and life transitions. I also have specialized expertise in providing gender-affirming care and am passionate about working with individuals who identify as transgender, are gender expansive, actively exploring gender and identity, and who may be experiencing the complex emotional concerns that may coincide such as feelings of isolation and depression.
(571) 493-3021 View (571) 493-3021
Photo of Barbara Lavine, Licensed Professional Counselor in McLean, VA
Barbara Lavine
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
Do you have concerns about your child or have work/personal issues? Barbara specializes in working with school-age children, age four through preteens, their families, and adults who are dealing with anxiety, grief, ADHD, school challenges, adjustment, family, friendship, work place issues. She strongly believes that through counseling one can make life changes and develop the life and social skills needed to overcome obstacles and live more satisfying and successful lives. She uses a variety of approaches: solution-focused, client-centered, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), relaxation and mindfulness, play, art therapy, and role play with children.
Do you have concerns about your child or have work/personal issues? Barbara specializes in working with school-age children, age four through preteens, their families, and adults who are dealing with anxiety, grief, ADHD, school challenges, adjustment, family, friendship, work place issues. She strongly believes that through counseling one can make life changes and develop the life and social skills needed to overcome obstacles and live more satisfying and successful lives. She uses a variety of approaches: solution-focused, client-centered, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), relaxation and mindfulness, play, art therapy, and role play with children.
(703) 552-8555 View (703) 552-8555
Photo of Annette B. Kielkopf, Licensed Professional Counselor in McLean, VA
Annette B. Kielkopf
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
Waitlist for new clients
As a couple and family therapist I have extensive experience in play therapy, couples conflict, and emotional regulation. I see individuals of all ages, couples, and families. I work to understand thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and beliefs. We curiously develop an awareness of how to adapt and shift your interactional patterns. This helps resolve areas of internal conflict, resolve problems, and improve interpersonal issues. I am here to help you, your couple relationship, or family live meaningfully. I partner with other professionals to provide you with the highest quality of care and treatment results.
As a couple and family therapist I have extensive experience in play therapy, couples conflict, and emotional regulation. I see individuals of all ages, couples, and families. I work to understand thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and beliefs. We curiously develop an awareness of how to adapt and shift your interactional patterns. This helps resolve areas of internal conflict, resolve problems, and improve interpersonal issues. I am here to help you, your couple relationship, or family live meaningfully. I partner with other professionals to provide you with the highest quality of care and treatment results.
(703) 957-7793 View (703) 957-7793
Photo of Kamillah Gray, Licensed Professional Counselor in McLean, VA
Kamillah Gray
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
Kamillah Gray is a Resident in Counseling (RIC) in the state of Virginia who has more than 2 years of experience working with adolescents and young adults who are seeking help in coping with depression, anxiety, life transitions, and LGBTQIA+ issues. She completed her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Christopher Newport University and received her Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the University of Colorado Colorado Springs.
Kamillah Gray is a Resident in Counseling (RIC) in the state of Virginia who has more than 2 years of experience working with adolescents and young adults who are seeking help in coping with depression, anxiety, life transitions, and LGBTQIA+ issues. She completed her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Christopher Newport University and received her Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the University of Colorado Colorado Springs.
(571) 601-4917 View (571) 601-4917
Photo of Emily Caster, Psychologist in McLean, VA
Emily Caster
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
Emily Caster, Psy. D. is a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in neuropsychological assessment. Dr. Caster completed her undergraduate degree at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. Her doctoral degree was obtained from The George Washington University in Washington, D. C. She completed her pre-doctoral internship at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at New Orleans, School of Medicine.
Emily Caster, Psy. D. is a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in neuropsychological assessment. Dr. Caster completed her undergraduate degree at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. Her doctoral degree was obtained from The George Washington University in Washington, D. C. She completed her pre-doctoral internship at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at New Orleans, School of Medicine.
(571) 946-6692 View (571) 946-6692
Photo of Heather Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in McLean, VA
Heather Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MTS, LMSW
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101  (Online Only)
Change is hard for everyone. It can be painful and exhausting to manage change but we all have to do it from time to time whether that means facing internal problems or external ones. You don't have to do it alone. I am a social worker with a clinical focus and a pastoral counselor (interfaith/ecumenical focus - I am not here to tell anyone who to be or what to believe), and I have extensive experience with a wide range of mental health challenges.
Change is hard for everyone. It can be painful and exhausting to manage change but we all have to do it from time to time whether that means facing internal problems or external ones. You don't have to do it alone. I am a social worker with a clinical focus and a pastoral counselor (interfaith/ecumenical focus - I am not here to tell anyone who to be or what to believe), and I have extensive experience with a wide range of mental health challenges.
(571) 487-8627 x345 View (571) 487-8627 x345
Photo of Alison Gardner, Psychologist in McLean, VA
Alison Gardner
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
For the past 15 years, I have been committed to working with preschool and school-aged children and their families who are struggling with anxiety and other emotional and behavioral regulation difficulties. I also support children and families through the complicated emotions of divorce, adoption, and other losses as well as the stress and threats to self-esteem that can accompany learning challenges, ADHD and social difficulties. I partner comprehensively with children, parents, schools, and other involved professionals with the aim of building the strongest possible foundation from which children can grow and thrive.
For the past 15 years, I have been committed to working with preschool and school-aged children and their families who are struggling with anxiety and other emotional and behavioral regulation difficulties. I also support children and families through the complicated emotions of divorce, adoption, and other losses as well as the stress and threats to self-esteem that can accompany learning challenges, ADHD and social difficulties. I partner comprehensively with children, parents, schools, and other involved professionals with the aim of building the strongest possible foundation from which children can grow and thrive.
(703) 940-9708 View (703) 940-9708
Photo of Mona Abuhamda, Psychologist in McLean, VA
Mona Abuhamda
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
Waitlist for new clients
Emotional/behavioral problems are a part of life and can affect any human being regardless of age, race, social status. There is no shame in seeking help when one is vulnerable as you would if you were suffering from any other illness. Life brings tremendous challenges to all of us and it takes strength to confront them and improve the quality of our life. We can't change our past but we can change our relationship to it. I am partnered up with a physician board certified in psychiatry and addiction medicine to provide comprehensive treatment if medication is needed.
Emotional/behavioral problems are a part of life and can affect any human being regardless of age, race, social status. There is no shame in seeking help when one is vulnerable as you would if you were suffering from any other illness. Life brings tremendous challenges to all of us and it takes strength to confront them and improve the quality of our life. We can't change our past but we can change our relationship to it. I am partnered up with a physician board certified in psychiatry and addiction medicine to provide comprehensive treatment if medication is needed.
(703) 356-9136 View (703) 356-9136
Photo of Healing By Design LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in McLean, VA
Healing By Design LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22102
Taking that first step towards seeking support and selecting the right therapist can be daunting. If you're looking to work with a warm, compassionate and effective therapist I welcome you to learn more about me, my therapeutic approaches and practice. My goal is to provide a safe, supportive therapeutic space in which you can share your feelings, gain insight, and learn strategies to cope with loss, life transitions, relationship difficulties, addiction, depression, anxiety, ADHD, failure to launch, family or work challenges. I provide individual, couples, family and group therapy. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, DBT, EAP &
Taking that first step towards seeking support and selecting the right therapist can be daunting. If you're looking to work with a warm, compassionate and effective therapist I welcome you to learn more about me, my therapeutic approaches and practice. My goal is to provide a safe, supportive therapeutic space in which you can share your feelings, gain insight, and learn strategies to cope with loss, life transitions, relationship difficulties, addiction, depression, anxiety, ADHD, failure to launch, family or work challenges. I provide individual, couples, family and group therapy. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, DBT, EAP &
(571) 946-8517 View (571) 946-8517
Photo of Kris Lamb, Resident in Counseling in McLean, VA
Kris Lamb
Resident in Counseling, MA
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
Sometimes it is difficult to navigate life and the curve-balls that it throws at us! Having to get through the day and struggling with anxiety or feelings of depression are just a few. Maybe you endured a traumatic event and it's been causing you trauma and distress. Perhaps you have a child that has been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention Deficit hypo/hyperactive Disorder? If so, your child may be having difficulty with paying attention, controlling emotions, communication or social interactions. I'd love to help build upon your strengths and help you further succeed in this world that we are navigating!
Sometimes it is difficult to navigate life and the curve-balls that it throws at us! Having to get through the day and struggling with anxiety or feelings of depression are just a few. Maybe you endured a traumatic event and it's been causing you trauma and distress. Perhaps you have a child that has been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention Deficit hypo/hyperactive Disorder? If so, your child may be having difficulty with paying attention, controlling emotions, communication or social interactions. I'd love to help build upon your strengths and help you further succeed in this world that we are navigating!
(571) 568-8744 View (571) 568-8744
Photo of Krista Hummer, Licensed Professional Counselor in McLean, VA
Krista Hummer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
Hello and welcome. Finding a therapist can be a daunting process as you search for a person who will meet you or your family's needs for counseling expertise. To aid with this, here is a mini bio of my practice and training. Please see my website, www.kristahummer.com for further information. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist that works with children, adults, families, and couples to aid in growth, healing, and life transitions.
Hello and welcome. Finding a therapist can be a daunting process as you search for a person who will meet you or your family's needs for counseling expertise. To aid with this, here is a mini bio of my practice and training. Please see my website, www.kristahummer.com for further information. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist that works with children, adults, families, and couples to aid in growth, healing, and life transitions.
(703) 468-8024 View (703) 468-8024
Photo of Debra Walther, Psychologist in McLean, VA
Debra Walther
Psychologist, PhD
Not Verified Not Verified
2 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have retired from my Clinical Practice. Please call me if you are a therapist who wants to contact me about one of my former clients. Thank you
I have retired from my Clinical Practice. Please call me if you are a therapist who wants to contact me about one of my former clients. Thank you
(202) 684-2055 View (202) 684-2055
Photo of Brenna Chirby, Psychologist in McLean, VA
Brenna Chirby
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
I provide individual and couples psychotherapy to adults and adolescents. I use an integration of various treatment modalities within a psychodynamic framework, providing my clients with the flexibility of treatment specific techniques while maintaining a focus on the therapeutic relationship and treatment alliance. Having healthy, positive relationships is integral to all aspects of our lives. I treat clients with mild to severe disorders and work in collaborative relationships with psychiatrists when medications are needed.
I provide individual and couples psychotherapy to adults and adolescents. I use an integration of various treatment modalities within a psychodynamic framework, providing my clients with the flexibility of treatment specific techniques while maintaining a focus on the therapeutic relationship and treatment alliance. Having healthy, positive relationships is integral to all aspects of our lives. I treat clients with mild to severe disorders and work in collaborative relationships with psychiatrists when medications are needed.
(703) 957-7541 View (703) 957-7541
Photo of Leah McNeil, Pre-Licensed Professional in McLean, VA
Leah McNeil
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
Currently have openings for new clients! Whether you are questioning your identity, struggling with body image or self-esteem, or going through transitions in life, you have made a powerful first step by being here. As a Therapist, I strive to create a safe, non-judgmental, and collaborative environment where growth can be fostered. I primarily use a person-centered, DBT, and CBT-based approach to meet my clients where they are, celebrate individualism, and work toward their goals.
Currently have openings for new clients! Whether you are questioning your identity, struggling with body image or self-esteem, or going through transitions in life, you have made a powerful first step by being here. As a Therapist, I strive to create a safe, non-judgmental, and collaborative environment where growth can be fostered. I primarily use a person-centered, DBT, and CBT-based approach to meet my clients where they are, celebrate individualism, and work toward their goals.
(571) 440-7703 View (571) 440-7703
Photo of Valia Shoja, Resident in Counseling in McLean, VA
Valia Shoja
Resident in Counseling, MA
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101  (Online Only)
I am a resident Counselor at Wellness Through Counseling, located in McLean, VA. I am passionate about helping my clients heal and grow. My mission is to assist people understand themselves and their challenges more effectively. I strongly believe that my clients are experts of their desired path in life. I strive to create a safe space that allows you to process your thoughts and feelings. Through a trusting and collaborative therapeutic relationship, we will work together to explore your strengths and resilience for living a fulfilling life and reaching your potential.
I am a resident Counselor at Wellness Through Counseling, located in McLean, VA. I am passionate about helping my clients heal and grow. My mission is to assist people understand themselves and their challenges more effectively. I strongly believe that my clients are experts of their desired path in life. I strive to create a safe space that allows you to process your thoughts and feelings. Through a trusting and collaborative therapeutic relationship, we will work together to explore your strengths and resilience for living a fulfilling life and reaching your potential.
(571) 998-1325 View (571) 998-1325
Photo of Nicholas B Liappis, Licensed Professional Counselor in McLean, VA
Nicholas B Liappis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
To get to know me better than I could describe, read my 14 unsolicited 5-star REVIEWS on my Google listing. PC users, click the 'Website' button to left. Mobile users, scroll down and click on the 'My Website' link. I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor native to McLean, VA. For 24 years I’ve had the opportunity to use my training, skills and experience to make a positive difference in the lives of many, from young children (5+ yo); to tweens and teens; and to adults. By meeting people where they are and not where they are expected to be, I empower my clients to lift themselves up to a place in life where they want to be.
To get to know me better than I could describe, read my 14 unsolicited 5-star REVIEWS on my Google listing. PC users, click the 'Website' button to left. Mobile users, scroll down and click on the 'My Website' link. I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor native to McLean, VA. For 24 years I’ve had the opportunity to use my training, skills and experience to make a positive difference in the lives of many, from young children (5+ yo); to tweens and teens; and to adults. By meeting people where they are and not where they are expected to be, I empower my clients to lift themselves up to a place in life where they want to be.
(571) 290-2170 View (571) 290-2170
Photo of Dr. Judith Markey, Psychologist in McLean, VA
Dr. Judith Markey
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
I work with adults and adolescents in the treatment of depression and anxiety and other mood disorders, trauma and grief, LGBTQ issues, relationship issues and Asperger’s syndrome/high functioning autism. I provide psychological assessment for individuals seeking gender-affirming care, and presurgical psychological assessment for bariatric surgery. I hold a master’s degree and a doctorate in clinical psychology, and a master's degree in dance/movement therapy. I recently graduated from Harvard Medical School's post-doctoral certification program in Writing for Healthcare.
I work with adults and adolescents in the treatment of depression and anxiety and other mood disorders, trauma and grief, LGBTQ issues, relationship issues and Asperger’s syndrome/high functioning autism. I provide psychological assessment for individuals seeking gender-affirming care, and presurgical psychological assessment for bariatric surgery. I hold a master’s degree and a doctorate in clinical psychology, and a master's degree in dance/movement therapy. I recently graduated from Harvard Medical School's post-doctoral certification program in Writing for Healthcare.
(571) 771-2991 View (571) 771-2991
Photo of Tala Halik, Pre-Licensed Professional in McLean, VA
Tala Halik
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
Child: “I fell and hurt my knee!” Parent: “Don’t cry. It’s OK. Don’t be sad. You’re fine. Just be more careful.” The Whole Brain Child, Daniel J. Siegel and Tina Payne Bryson. This is a common exchange between children and caretakers. Children are often seen as resilient and expected to suppress their emotions and “be strong.” However, children are small adults. They experience similar emotions as adults, yet developmentally are not equipped to process them in the same way. A child’s primary language is play. A child’s emotions are real and important, no matter how frustrating they may seem to us.
Child: “I fell and hurt my knee!” Parent: “Don’t cry. It’s OK. Don’t be sad. You’re fine. Just be more careful.” The Whole Brain Child, Daniel J. Siegel and Tina Payne Bryson. This is a common exchange between children and caretakers. Children are often seen as resilient and expected to suppress their emotions and “be strong.” However, children are small adults. They experience similar emotions as adults, yet developmentally are not equipped to process them in the same way. A child’s primary language is play. A child’s emotions are real and important, no matter how frustrating they may seem to us.
(571) 366-3129 View (571) 366-3129
Photo of Barbara Lavine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in McLean, VA
Barbara Lavine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
Barbara earned her BA from Michigan State University, her MA in Counseling from George Washington University in 1983, and an advanced certificate in Counseling from GWU in 2014. She has over 30 years of counseling experience. She worked as a school counselor for Fairfax County Public Schools until2016 and has since worked as a Licensed Professional Counselor. She has worked primarily with children and families, and is also seeing adults. She uses solution-focused, cognitive-behavioral, client-centered therapy.
Barbara earned her BA from Michigan State University, her MA in Counseling from George Washington University in 1983, and an advanced certificate in Counseling from GWU in 2014. She has over 30 years of counseling experience. She worked as a school counselor for Fairfax County Public Schools until2016 and has since worked as a Licensed Professional Counselor. She has worked primarily with children and families, and is also seeing adults. She uses solution-focused, cognitive-behavioral, client-centered therapy.
(571) 536-7327 View (571) 536-7327

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in McLean, VA

500+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in McLean, VA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
91% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
62% Grief

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% BlueCross and BlueShield
55% Anthem | Elevance
47% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in McLean, VA see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in McLean?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.