Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

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Photo of Holland Millure, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Holland Millure
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I believe that everyone has the potential to live the life that they want to live and make the necessary changes to get them there. It is often helpful to have a guiding and caring therapist by your side. I strive to support individuals experiencing depression or anxiety, or those feeling overwhelmed, lacking motivation to change, or struggling with interpersonal difficulties.
I believe that everyone has the potential to live the life that they want to live and make the necessary changes to get them there. It is often helpful to have a guiding and caring therapist by your side. I strive to support individuals experiencing depression or anxiety, or those feeling overwhelmed, lacking motivation to change, or struggling with interpersonal difficulties.
(412) 214-7961 View (412) 214-7961
Photo of Karleen K Preator, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Karleen K Preator
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Are you interested in creatIng a peaceful home with smoother daily routines and less conflict? I offer relationship-based parent consultation that is respectful, effective, and fun for parents and for children. With my consultation, you will learn about how your children's brain development can affect behaviors and how you can support your children's behavioral growth.
Are you interested in creatIng a peaceful home with smoother daily routines and less conflict? I offer relationship-based parent consultation that is respectful, effective, and fun for parents and for children. With my consultation, you will learn about how your children's brain development can affect behaviors and how you can support your children's behavioral growth.
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Photo of Connie M Kramer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Connie M Kramer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, Gestalt
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Not accepting new clients
**At this time I am not taking new clients.** Hello! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and I provide treatment for adults who are experiencing overwhelming emotions, a sense of feeling lost or stuck, or simply trying to learn more about their true self. I am interested in hearing your story. Together we can explore and discover your emotions at a deeper level, which will ultimately allow you to form more meaningful, loving relationships. Working collaboratively, in a non-judging atmosphere, we will build awareness of patterns that may be blocking you from reaching your full potential.
**At this time I am not taking new clients.** Hello! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and I provide treatment for adults who are experiencing overwhelming emotions, a sense of feeling lost or stuck, or simply trying to learn more about their true self. I am interested in hearing your story. Together we can explore and discover your emotions at a deeper level, which will ultimately allow you to form more meaningful, loving relationships. Working collaboratively, in a non-judging atmosphere, we will build awareness of patterns that may be blocking you from reaching your full potential.
(412) 906-4748 View (412) 906-4748
Photo of Sharissa Shatten, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Sharissa Shatten
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15234
I would love to support you and help guide you while piecing things together in this season of life. I work with individuals to manage their symptoms and help them achieve personal growth. We will focus on goals and create ways to stay accountable in between sessions with various resources or thought prompts to consider, for example. Many people I see have a history of childhood trauma, high stress, low self esteem, feeling "stuck", ready for change, or hormonal experiences- as some broad examples.
I would love to support you and help guide you while piecing things together in this season of life. I work with individuals to manage their symptoms and help them achieve personal growth. We will focus on goals and create ways to stay accountable in between sessions with various resources or thought prompts to consider, for example. Many people I see have a history of childhood trauma, high stress, low self esteem, feeling "stuck", ready for change, or hormonal experiences- as some broad examples.
(878) 216-7434 View (878) 216-7434
Photo of Alexandra Ditchkus, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Alexandra Ditchkus
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LAPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15218
I am passionate about creating a therapeutic environment that supports individuals in uncovering their inner strengths, developing coping strategies, and learning how to incorporate self-compassion and mindfulness into their journey towards emotional well-being and personal growth. I believe each individual's journey is unique, therefore I work collaboratively with my clients and tailor my interventions to meet their needs.
I am passionate about creating a therapeutic environment that supports individuals in uncovering their inner strengths, developing coping strategies, and learning how to incorporate self-compassion and mindfulness into their journey towards emotional well-being and personal growth. I believe each individual's journey is unique, therefore I work collaboratively with my clients and tailor my interventions to meet their needs.
(412) 912-2023 View (412) 912-2023
Photo of Joe Trecki - Sense Of Direction Counseling Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Joe Trecki - Sense Of Direction Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15220
Sometimes life can feel a little overwhelming. This holds true for young kids, teens, and adults. In my therapy, I use a variety of techniques and approaches to meet my clients where they are and utilize their strengths in order to get them to achieve their goals regardless of their age, gender, or orientation. Together, we will identify strengths, skills, and resources that you will turn into opportunity and growth. We will focus on the solution and not the problem. Greatness is just being better than you were yesterday!
Sometimes life can feel a little overwhelming. This holds true for young kids, teens, and adults. In my therapy, I use a variety of techniques and approaches to meet my clients where they are and utilize their strengths in order to get them to achieve their goals regardless of their age, gender, or orientation. Together, we will identify strengths, skills, and resources that you will turn into opportunity and growth. We will focus on the solution and not the problem. Greatness is just being better than you were yesterday!
(412) 520-3934 View (412) 520-3934
Photo of Jim Fulton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Jim Fulton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15211
Not accepting new clients
The most important element in healing is finding a space where you can explore, share, and analyze the past and present. Creating that safe space with you is my number one goal! I practice from a person-centered, strengths-based orientation, meaning that the quality of our therapeutic relationship is paramount in my work. We will focus not only on your challenges but on the personal strengths that contribute to your natural resiliency. I am empathic, non-judgmental, calming, and have a deep interest in your life and worldview.
The most important element in healing is finding a space where you can explore, share, and analyze the past and present. Creating that safe space with you is my number one goal! I practice from a person-centered, strengths-based orientation, meaning that the quality of our therapeutic relationship is paramount in my work. We will focus not only on your challenges but on the personal strengths that contribute to your natural resiliency. I am empathic, non-judgmental, calming, and have a deep interest in your life and worldview.
(412) 775-2478 View (412) 775-2478
Photo of Alissa Klugh, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Alissa Klugh
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CIMHP, CCTP-II, CTMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15237  (Online Only)
I help adolescents, families, individuals, couples, and adults, find healthy perceptions of themselves, strengthen relationships, improve communication/interactions, and find guidance so that they can feel complete, hopeful, and at peace. I provide an eclectic compilation of what works best for each client. With 16+ years of experience in the field, I’ve worked with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, anger, self-improvement, co-parenting, couples counseling, working through major life stressors, trauma, and helping them find a new path.
I help adolescents, families, individuals, couples, and adults, find healthy perceptions of themselves, strengthen relationships, improve communication/interactions, and find guidance so that they can feel complete, hopeful, and at peace. I provide an eclectic compilation of what works best for each client. With 16+ years of experience in the field, I’ve worked with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, anger, self-improvement, co-parenting, couples counseling, working through major life stressors, trauma, and helping them find a new path.
(878) 444-2916 View (878) 444-2916
Photo of Shivam Gosai, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Shivam Gosai
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, MS
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15232
Some paths to pursuing growth can leave you feeling labeled, picked apart, or wondering what's "wrong" with you. But I believe you are whole and complete, just as you are. Healing is a journey not toward fixing perceived damages, but toward rediscovering the wholeness that has been there all along. In our therapy sessions, I'll walk alongside you on that journey. I bring a spiritual perspective into the room that bears witness to your inherent wisdom. Through the exploration of your inner world, we'll partner in your deep healing and spiritual freedom. This is so much more than a temporary "band-aid" approach.
Some paths to pursuing growth can leave you feeling labeled, picked apart, or wondering what's "wrong" with you. But I believe you are whole and complete, just as you are. Healing is a journey not toward fixing perceived damages, but toward rediscovering the wholeness that has been there all along. In our therapy sessions, I'll walk alongside you on that journey. I bring a spiritual perspective into the room that bears witness to your inherent wisdom. Through the exploration of your inner world, we'll partner in your deep healing and spiritual freedom. This is so much more than a temporary "band-aid" approach.
(412) 899-2651 View (412) 899-2651
Photo of Lyda Will-Hoover, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Lyda Will-Hoover
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15212  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Lyda. I am a licensed clinical social worker. I have gained much knowledge and a great listening ear over the last 10 years or so of professional practice and a great deal more personally.
Hello! My name is Lyda. I am a licensed clinical social worker. I have gained much knowledge and a great listening ear over the last 10 years or so of professional practice and a great deal more personally.
(412) 900-4236 View (412) 900-4236
Photo of Manifest Psychotherapy and Wellness, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Manifest Psychotherapy and Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCSW, MDiv
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15218
At Manifest, we have therapists who specialize in a variety of modalities ranging from CBT, DBT, and EMDR trained and certified therapists, to therapists who offer body oriented, spiritually informed, and depth psychology approaches. Whether you are looking to explore and take an in depth look at your own capacity for healing and awakening, or looking for outcomes based therapies to resolve psychological and emotional blockages, triggers, or traumas that are standing in the way, we are here to help support you in meeting your needs.
At Manifest, we have therapists who specialize in a variety of modalities ranging from CBT, DBT, and EMDR trained and certified therapists, to therapists who offer body oriented, spiritually informed, and depth psychology approaches. Whether you are looking to explore and take an in depth look at your own capacity for healing and awakening, or looking for outcomes based therapies to resolve psychological and emotional blockages, triggers, or traumas that are standing in the way, we are here to help support you in meeting your needs.
(412) 275-6954 View (412) 275-6954
Photo of Avory Billman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Avory Billman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15243
Waitlist for new clients
My focus includes trauma-informed therapy with LGBTQIA+ and neurodivergent individuals. I primarily work with adolescents and young adults. I utilize evidence-based, affirming practices to support my clients in processing trauma, regulating mood instability, improving relationships, coping with life transitions, and building confidence in themselves.
My focus includes trauma-informed therapy with LGBTQIA+ and neurodivergent individuals. I primarily work with adolescents and young adults. I utilize evidence-based, affirming practices to support my clients in processing trauma, regulating mood instability, improving relationships, coping with life transitions, and building confidence in themselves.
(412) 790-2758 View (412) 790-2758
Photo of Joy B Krumenacker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Joy B Krumenacker
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Not accepting new clients
Psychotherapy is a unique journey; a journey that I am committed to taking with you. My interests include working with interpersonal/relational issues as well as concerns related to identity, personality, sex/sexuality, anxiety, and trauma. I practice from a psychodynamic approach, personalized to meet the needs of each client. Our sessions together will assist you in developing a greater understanding of self and your interactions with others. I am currently offering individual sessions as well as supervision to pre-licensed professionals.
Psychotherapy is a unique journey; a journey that I am committed to taking with you. My interests include working with interpersonal/relational issues as well as concerns related to identity, personality, sex/sexuality, anxiety, and trauma. I practice from a psychodynamic approach, personalized to meet the needs of each client. Our sessions together will assist you in developing a greater understanding of self and your interactions with others. I am currently offering individual sessions as well as supervision to pre-licensed professionals.
(412) 927-0795 View (412) 927-0795
Photo of Angela Mills, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Angela Mills
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Angela Mills is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2010. She has a Bachelor's of Science from Penn State University and a Master's of Science in Counseling Psychology from Chatham University. Angela started in the mental health field 16 years ago. She decided she wanted to be a therapist in high school, when she experienced the loss of someone very close to her that changed how she looked at the world. Angela had a therapist at the time that helped her through that loss and had a huge impact on her life. That is when Angela knew she wanted to be a therapist.
Angela Mills is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2010. She has a Bachelor's of Science from Penn State University and a Master's of Science in Counseling Psychology from Chatham University. Angela started in the mental health field 16 years ago. She decided she wanted to be a therapist in high school, when she experienced the loss of someone very close to her that changed how she looked at the world. Angela had a therapist at the time that helped her through that loss and had a huge impact on her life. That is when Angela knew she wanted to be a therapist.
(844) 264-6945 View (844) 264-6945
Photo of Alaina Schrader, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Alaina Schrader
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, PMH-C, ADHDCSP
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
Waitlist for new clients
I am a feminist, LGBTQ+ affirming, trauma-informed, eclectic neuro-psychotherapist, and my style is casual and saturated with humor. I am a licensed professional counselor, nationally certified counselor, PMH-C perinatal mental health certified specialist (pregnancy & postpartum), and an ADHD-CCSP, ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider. My approaches are flexible and person specific, but I use client centered therapy, feminist therapy, behavioral neuroscience research, skill building, parts work, and other techniques as needed. I am currently only accepting new ADULT clients, no new children and adolescents at this time.
I am a feminist, LGBTQ+ affirming, trauma-informed, eclectic neuro-psychotherapist, and my style is casual and saturated with humor. I am a licensed professional counselor, nationally certified counselor, PMH-C perinatal mental health certified specialist (pregnancy & postpartum), and an ADHD-CCSP, ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider. My approaches are flexible and person specific, but I use client centered therapy, feminist therapy, behavioral neuroscience research, skill building, parts work, and other techniques as needed. I am currently only accepting new ADULT clients, no new children and adolescents at this time.
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Photo of Fai 郟 Knudson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Fai 郟 Knudson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Waitlist for new clients
Hi! I'm Fai (/fay/). I believe that our experiences in society aren't one-size-fits-all, nor should our therapy be. I aim to support those impacted by queerphobia, racism, ableism, fatphobia, adoption, and other oppressive systems which contribute to mental health difficulties, poor self-regard, and complex trauma. Together, I hope we can challenge negative core beliefs, deconstruct the experiences that led to their development, and cultivate an authentic, compassionate sense of self.
Hi! I'm Fai (/fay/). I believe that our experiences in society aren't one-size-fits-all, nor should our therapy be. I aim to support those impacted by queerphobia, racism, ableism, fatphobia, adoption, and other oppressive systems which contribute to mental health difficulties, poor self-regard, and complex trauma. Together, I hope we can challenge negative core beliefs, deconstruct the experiences that led to their development, and cultivate an authentic, compassionate sense of self.
(412) 900-9282 View (412) 900-9282
Photo of Elise Klavon, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Elise Klavon
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15232
I have been interested in helping people achieve peace and tranquility all my life. My great passion as a therapist is to bring healing through different therapeutic techniques. I most often utilize modalities including CBT, DBT, and Motivational Interviewing in treatment. I received a Master’s in Science from Carlow University and am currently working towards my licensure in pursuit of achieving the title of a Licensed Professional Counselor. It has been a lifelong goal of mine to help people gain insight into challenging aspects of their life.
I have been interested in helping people achieve peace and tranquility all my life. My great passion as a therapist is to bring healing through different therapeutic techniques. I most often utilize modalities including CBT, DBT, and Motivational Interviewing in treatment. I received a Master’s in Science from Carlow University and am currently working towards my licensure in pursuit of achieving the title of a Licensed Professional Counselor. It has been a lifelong goal of mine to help people gain insight into challenging aspects of their life.
(412) 850-2375 x005 View (412) 850-2375 x005
Photo of Dominique Dove, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Dominique Dove
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
NOTE: I have no current availability, but you can reach out to join my waitlist. Are you feeling anxious or burnt out? Are you stuck or unfulfilled in your career or in your life? Do you lay awake at night and fantasize about a life that's complete different from what yours looks like now - but you're not sure how to get there? When you're struggling with your mental health or with your career, it can feel like you're living to just get through the day. This does NOT have to be your reality. With support, clarity, and the right skills, you can go from merely surviving to thriving in your personal and professional life.
NOTE: I have no current availability, but you can reach out to join my waitlist. Are you feeling anxious or burnt out? Are you stuck or unfulfilled in your career or in your life? Do you lay awake at night and fantasize about a life that's complete different from what yours looks like now - but you're not sure how to get there? When you're struggling with your mental health or with your career, it can feel like you're living to just get through the day. This does NOT have to be your reality. With support, clarity, and the right skills, you can go from merely surviving to thriving in your personal and professional life.
(412) 900-8957 View (412) 900-8957
Photo of Ben Rainey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Ben Rainey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15202
Availability: Virtual (Mon, Tues, Thurs 9am-5pm); In-Office (Wed 9am-5pm); Hiking (Fri 9am-5pm). Life provides us with an endless stream of challenges and changes, some of which are more easily faced than others. At times we may need a supportive space like therapy to work through those challenges with someone else. Whether you are facing anxiety, depression, grief, major life transitions, or other challenges that you may not even have a name for, therapy can provide a space to better understand what you are facing, what your options are for navigating it, and what is possible on the other side.
Availability: Virtual (Mon, Tues, Thurs 9am-5pm); In-Office (Wed 9am-5pm); Hiking (Fri 9am-5pm). Life provides us with an endless stream of challenges and changes, some of which are more easily faced than others. At times we may need a supportive space like therapy to work through those challenges with someone else. Whether you are facing anxiety, depression, grief, major life transitions, or other challenges that you may not even have a name for, therapy can provide a space to better understand what you are facing, what your options are for navigating it, and what is possible on the other side.
(412) 282-3670 View (412) 282-3670
Photo of Chelsea Williams, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Chelsea Williams
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
Dr. Williams is a licensed psychologist at The Psychology Loft and obtained her doctorate at Duquesne University. She holds master’s degrees in Educational and Child Psychology and has 10+ years of experience working with individuals across the lifespan. Throughout her career, Dr. Williams has worked in public and private schools, hospitals, community mental health, crisis centers, private practice, juvenile justice and correctional facilities, and has served on legal teams supporting justice-involved youth.
Dr. Williams is a licensed psychologist at The Psychology Loft and obtained her doctorate at Duquesne University. She holds master’s degrees in Educational and Child Psychology and has 10+ years of experience working with individuals across the lifespan. Throughout her career, Dr. Williams has worked in public and private schools, hospitals, community mental health, crisis centers, private practice, juvenile justice and correctional facilities, and has served on legal teams supporting justice-involved youth.
(412) 899-1158 View (412) 899-1158

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.