Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Propel Therapeutics - Ketamine Wellness Center in Sacramento, CA
Propel Therapeutics - Ketamine Wellness Center
MD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
www.propeltherapeutics.com Are you suffering with chronic pain, debilitating anxiety, PTSD or intractable depression? Have you used multiple other modalities and medications to try and alleviate your physical and emotional pain but nothing is working? Ketamine therapy might be a solution for you! If you meet the indications for ketamine therapy we will work with you on an individualized plan. We are here to help!
www.propeltherapeutics.com Are you suffering with chronic pain, debilitating anxiety, PTSD or intractable depression? Have you used multiple other modalities and medications to try and alleviate your physical and emotional pain but nothing is working? Ketamine therapy might be a solution for you! If you meet the indications for ketamine therapy we will work with you on an individualized plan. We are here to help!
(916) 915-9215 View (916) 915-9215
Photo of Stephanie Brodsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Stephanie Brodsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
I have over 20 years of experience working with individuals, couples, adolescents and families. I specialize in working with issues including depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss. I help individuals with addictions issues, parenting, and have a special interest in pain management and pregnancy/postpartum counseling. I have special training in mindfulness techniques, addiction and mind/body connection as well as cross-cultural issues. My approach to therapy is supportive, educational, challenging and collaborative.
I have over 20 years of experience working with individuals, couples, adolescents and families. I specialize in working with issues including depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss. I help individuals with addictions issues, parenting, and have a special interest in pain management and pregnancy/postpartum counseling. I have special training in mindfulness techniques, addiction and mind/body connection as well as cross-cultural issues. My approach to therapy is supportive, educational, challenging and collaborative.
(916) 525-8570 View (916) 525-8570
Photo of Chrissy Cate LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Chrissy Cate LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95819
Waitlist for new clients
Are you struggling to find joy again? Struggling to get over the past and move on? Cannot connect with your spouse, your children and family like you used to? Not just talk, I provide tools to better manage the relationship challenges you face. As an experienced mother, yogi and licensed marriage, child and family therapist, I can assist you to get the tools you need to feel better and have more rewarding relationships. Call me for a free consultation.
Are you struggling to find joy again? Struggling to get over the past and move on? Cannot connect with your spouse, your children and family like you used to? Not just talk, I provide tools to better manage the relationship challenges you face. As an experienced mother, yogi and licensed marriage, child and family therapist, I can assist you to get the tools you need to feel better and have more rewarding relationships. Call me for a free consultation.
(916) 621-5724 View (916) 621-5724
Photo of Ivonne Melgar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Ivonne Melgar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95811
Do you often feel anxious, sad, or resentful in relationships? Perhaps you believe you can’t have the relationships you want or find yourself asking “why does this keep happening to me?” You might have a pattern of choosing partners who are emotionally unavailable. You know something feels off, but you’re not exactly sure why or what to do about it. If any of these signs are familiar, it’s okay. It’s not your fault and you’re not broken. I work with women to resolve old trauma wounds and learn new ways of relating with themselves and others. My approach is both clinical and casual and my medicine is warm, funny and nurturing.
Do you often feel anxious, sad, or resentful in relationships? Perhaps you believe you can’t have the relationships you want or find yourself asking “why does this keep happening to me?” You might have a pattern of choosing partners who are emotionally unavailable. You know something feels off, but you’re not exactly sure why or what to do about it. If any of these signs are familiar, it’s okay. It’s not your fault and you’re not broken. I work with women to resolve old trauma wounds and learn new ways of relating with themselves and others. My approach is both clinical and casual and my medicine is warm, funny and nurturing.
(916) 318-3121 View (916) 318-3121
Photo of Triad For Change - Sacramento SUD Outpatient Prog., Registered Psychological Associate in Sacramento, CA
Triad For Change - Sacramento SUD Outpatient Prog.
Registered Psychological Associate, PsyD, CATC-V
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Hello, my name is Dr. Carol Breiling. I am excited to bring a new SUD Outpatient Treatment Program to you that infuses what the Field of Psychology teaches us about the Change Process. Groups are more educational than punitive, aimed to discuss the difficult situations that may have led you to your struggle today. In the process each individual will learn more about themselves than what is found in any other program. You want to change? Let's get real with where it all started and break down the barriers that prevent you from enduring sobriety. No judgement, just recovery in a personalized and wholistic approach. Call today!
Hello, my name is Dr. Carol Breiling. I am excited to bring a new SUD Outpatient Treatment Program to you that infuses what the Field of Psychology teaches us about the Change Process. Groups are more educational than punitive, aimed to discuss the difficult situations that may have led you to your struggle today. In the process each individual will learn more about themselves than what is found in any other program. You want to change? Let's get real with where it all started and break down the barriers that prevent you from enduring sobriety. No judgement, just recovery in a personalized and wholistic approach. Call today!
(916) 776-5607 View (916) 776-5607
Photo of Mandy Sun, Counselor in Sacramento, CA
Mandy Sun
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Mandy Sun is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California who has been practicing since 2019. She graduated from San Francisco State University with a degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Mandy uses a personcentered, strengthsbased, and collaborative approach to provide a nonjudgmental, safe space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Outside of work, Mandy likes to read fantasy/scifi books, take walks outside in nature, and put together jigsaw puzzles.
Mandy Sun is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California who has been practicing since 2019. She graduated from San Francisco State University with a degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Mandy uses a personcentered, strengthsbased, and collaborative approach to provide a nonjudgmental, safe space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Outside of work, Mandy likes to read fantasy/scifi books, take walks outside in nature, and put together jigsaw puzzles.
(916) 794-8403 View (916) 794-8403
Photo of Courtney Harrison, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Courtney Harrison
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95811
Not accepting new clients
Do you find yourself feeling overwhelmed or paralyzed by anxiety? Perhaps you're experiencing increasing levels of stress and are beginning to doubt your ability to make decisions or figure out what to do next? Sometimes life circumstances, and our human brains, can lead us to a place where we simply want to “give up”. I can help you regain your footing, perspective and focus by providing you with effective coping strategies that will help you get back on track and support you in establishing sustainable long term self-care.
Do you find yourself feeling overwhelmed or paralyzed by anxiety? Perhaps you're experiencing increasing levels of stress and are beginning to doubt your ability to make decisions or figure out what to do next? Sometimes life circumstances, and our human brains, can lead us to a place where we simply want to “give up”. I can help you regain your footing, perspective and focus by providing you with effective coping strategies that will help you get back on track and support you in establishing sustainable long term self-care.
(916) 943-4852 View (916) 943-4852
Photo of Annisa Exline, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Annisa Exline
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
Over the past several years, my focus has been on completing comprehensive and advanced training in working with the perinatal population, women who have transitioned to motherhood, as well as women who have experienced perinatal grief and loss. I am passionate about providing a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space for women and mothers, and their families. Therapy can be a vulnerable and unique process, and I strive to create a safe and supportive space throughout this process that fosters each person's desired healing and growth.
Over the past several years, my focus has been on completing comprehensive and advanced training in working with the perinatal population, women who have transitioned to motherhood, as well as women who have experienced perinatal grief and loss. I am passionate about providing a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space for women and mothers, and their families. Therapy can be a vulnerable and unique process, and I strive to create a safe and supportive space throughout this process that fosters each person's desired healing and growth.
(310) 448-1638 View (310) 448-1638
Photo of Megan Bell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Megan Bell
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Growing up can be tough, and at times it might feel like everything you try when supporting your child isn't working, leaving you frustrated, tired and maybe even overwhelmed. I work to support children, teens and young adults as they work to conquer their current life obstacles and nurture their inner strengths.
Growing up can be tough, and at times it might feel like everything you try when supporting your child isn't working, leaving you frustrated, tired and maybe even overwhelmed. I work to support children, teens and young adults as they work to conquer their current life obstacles and nurture their inner strengths.
(916) 269-4965 View (916) 269-4965
Photo of Breaking Chains Through Change, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Breaking Chains Through Change
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EdD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814
Hello my name is Dr. Adreena Lowe- Island. I have a Clinical background, which entails over 27 years of Social and Mental Health Services, working for a wide range of programs in the State of California. I have a keen focus on ensuring the highest quality of care and seeking to make a difference in the lives of the individuals I serve. As a Licensed Therapist, I am focused on helping individuals to find their purpose in life. My Motto is to treat through empowerment and support.
Hello my name is Dr. Adreena Lowe- Island. I have a Clinical background, which entails over 27 years of Social and Mental Health Services, working for a wide range of programs in the State of California. I have a keen focus on ensuring the highest quality of care and seeking to make a difference in the lives of the individuals I serve. As a Licensed Therapist, I am focused on helping individuals to find their purpose in life. My Motto is to treat through empowerment and support.
(279) 800-4768 View (279) 800-4768
Photo of Jasmine Hajyan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Jasmine Hajyan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95826  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I practice solution-focused and goal-oriented therapy for individuals, couples, and families. I enjoy listening to people's stories and helping them find solutions to their issues.
I practice solution-focused and goal-oriented therapy for individuals, couples, and families. I enjoy listening to people's stories and helping them find solutions to their issues.
(424) 966-2803 View (424) 966-2803
Photo of Rozhia Taylor, Pre-Licensed Professional in Sacramento, CA
Rozhia Taylor
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
We are all an incredible kaleidoscope of identities we hold, experiences we've had, people we love & things we believe. There is no one right way to be, but there is an incredible release that comes with accepting yourself exactly the way you are. Therapy with me is not the cookie-cutter experience you may have had in the past. In this room, I show up in a real and authentic way to help you do the work of uncovering what makes you feel whole. My clients look to me as someone to help them debunk the lies they believe about themselves, rewrite their stories, find hope in the midst of loss & discover a new perspective.
We are all an incredible kaleidoscope of identities we hold, experiences we've had, people we love & things we believe. There is no one right way to be, but there is an incredible release that comes with accepting yourself exactly the way you are. Therapy with me is not the cookie-cutter experience you may have had in the past. In this room, I show up in a real and authentic way to help you do the work of uncovering what makes you feel whole. My clients look to me as someone to help them debunk the lies they believe about themselves, rewrite their stories, find hope in the midst of loss & discover a new perspective.
(530) 420-8917 View (530) 420-8917
Photo of Amir Ramezani, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Amir Ramezani
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
As James Baldwin famously said, "not everything that has been faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed unless faced", I also offer you the following poem: "When we feel safe, anything is possible. We become unstoppable. Because we have a firm ground to launch and a safe ground to land. We can then stand. Voice ourselves, show ourselves. Life becomes a dance."
As James Baldwin famously said, "not everything that has been faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed unless faced", I also offer you the following poem: "When we feel safe, anything is possible. We become unstoppable. Because we have a firm ground to launch and a safe ground to land. We can then stand. Voice ourselves, show ourselves. Life becomes a dance."
(916) 963-9398 View (916) 963-9398
Photo of Gisoo Mohandesi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Gisoo Mohandesi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95822
Hello, I am Gisoo Mohandesi, a licensed marriage and family therapist (License 10875), with over (10 years) of professional experience. As a professional, who is passionate about helping individuals, children, adolescents, and families, I believe that the way to help my clients cultivate well-being is to understand them as human beings and not just their struggles.I believe we are not defined by our hardships, but rather can learn how to use them towards building self-awareness and enhancing our strengths.
Hello, I am Gisoo Mohandesi, a licensed marriage and family therapist (License 10875), with over (10 years) of professional experience. As a professional, who is passionate about helping individuals, children, adolescents, and families, I believe that the way to help my clients cultivate well-being is to understand them as human beings and not just their struggles.I believe we are not defined by our hardships, but rather can learn how to use them towards building self-awareness and enhancing our strengths.
(916) 656-0708 View (916) 656-0708
Photo of Jake De La Hoya-Garden, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Jake De La Hoya-Garden
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
Jake’s CBT/Solution Focused style is interactive and fun while honoring his client’s relationships, helping them discover what is truly needed from these relationships and inspiring them to live authentically. Jake has years of practicing in county mental health agencies as an MFT Trainee & AMFT. Currently, Jake is an AMFT being supervised by Jennifer L. Flood (LMFT 98661) at a group private practice located in Campus Commons in Sacramento, CA. Jake enjoys working with clients to allow them to discover their full potential & regain control by giving self grace throughout this journey of life.
Jake’s CBT/Solution Focused style is interactive and fun while honoring his client’s relationships, helping them discover what is truly needed from these relationships and inspiring them to live authentically. Jake has years of practicing in county mental health agencies as an MFT Trainee & AMFT. Currently, Jake is an AMFT being supervised by Jennifer L. Flood (LMFT 98661) at a group private practice located in Campus Commons in Sacramento, CA. Jake enjoys working with clients to allow them to discover their full potential & regain control by giving self grace throughout this journey of life.
(916) 295-6274 View (916) 295-6274
Photo of Ashley Barnes, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Ashley Barnes
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
I'm a relationship, sex and trauma therapist specializing in supporting folks who feel like they'll never live up to expectations; no matter what you do it feels like you aren't enough. My clients come to me telling me that they're always striving for more and not able to enjoy their life and relationships. Navigating a stressful work life or having lots of anxiety in your relationship? I’ll provide you with some helpful tools to cope. Just need a place to cry it out sometimes or vent about the ridiculous choices of a friend or family member? That’s welcome here too. Read more or schedule online at www.lovehealgrow.com.
I'm a relationship, sex and trauma therapist specializing in supporting folks who feel like they'll never live up to expectations; no matter what you do it feels like you aren't enough. My clients come to me telling me that they're always striving for more and not able to enjoy their life and relationships. Navigating a stressful work life or having lots of anxiety in your relationship? I’ll provide you with some helpful tools to cope. Just need a place to cry it out sometimes or vent about the ridiculous choices of a friend or family member? That’s welcome here too. Read more or schedule online at www.lovehealgrow.com.
(530) 444-6427 View (530) 444-6427
Photo of Guided Legal Psychological Solutions , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Guided Legal Psychological Solutions
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
Waitlist for new clients
The empowerment, accessibility to quality care is the right of all. To be a part of a movement that promotes and cultivates growth and mental stability. Dr Alexander Edwards, use of technology, and groundbreaking clinical treatment approaches such as EMDR, CBT and DBT to relieve the symptoms associated with trauma, anxiety, and depression. Dr Alexander Edwards has over 18 years of experience helping individuals gain the feeling of empowerment and awareness through his expert and humanistic approach to ensure that you have the tools needed to navigate those challenges of life. To learn more please schedule a consultation.
The empowerment, accessibility to quality care is the right of all. To be a part of a movement that promotes and cultivates growth and mental stability. Dr Alexander Edwards, use of technology, and groundbreaking clinical treatment approaches such as EMDR, CBT and DBT to relieve the symptoms associated with trauma, anxiety, and depression. Dr Alexander Edwards has over 18 years of experience helping individuals gain the feeling of empowerment and awareness through his expert and humanistic approach to ensure that you have the tools needed to navigate those challenges of life. To learn more please schedule a consultation.
(858) 544-0353 View (858) 544-0353
Photo of Allison Elwood, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Allison Elwood
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95820
Hi! I am currently offering virtual sessions using Zoom, Face time and Skype. I am open daily from 12:00 to 7:00, Monday through Friday I speak fluent Spanish and specialize in individual therapy. Todos los servicios están disponibles en Español y son flexibles para acomodar cualquiera sean las metas personales que Usted quiera obtener.
Hi! I am currently offering virtual sessions using Zoom, Face time and Skype. I am open daily from 12:00 to 7:00, Monday through Friday I speak fluent Spanish and specialize in individual therapy. Todos los servicios están disponibles en Español y son flexibles para acomodar cualquiera sean las metas personales que Usted quiera obtener.
(510) 606-9817 View (510) 606-9817
Photo of Edythe Swidler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Edythe Swidler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95864
During these stressful times, many of us are experiencing higher levels of anxiety and/or sadness. Are you worried about your child or teen, concerned about your marriage or struggling with family relationships? Do you need new tools to help you feel more confident in parenting your adopted or special needs child/teen? Are you a member of the LGBTQ+ community who is looking for a supportive therapist who understands your unique strengths and challenges. I created American River Family Counseling because I believe that we all deserve happy, healthy and connected relationships.
During these stressful times, many of us are experiencing higher levels of anxiety and/or sadness. Are you worried about your child or teen, concerned about your marriage or struggling with family relationships? Do you need new tools to help you feel more confident in parenting your adopted or special needs child/teen? Are you a member of the LGBTQ+ community who is looking for a supportive therapist who understands your unique strengths and challenges. I created American River Family Counseling because I believe that we all deserve happy, healthy and connected relationships.
(916) 304-8410 View (916) 304-8410
Photo of Megan J Valsecchi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Megan J Valsecchi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95811  (Online Only)
I am a compassionate and empathetic therapist who believes in the power of collaboration on the journey to emotional well-being. I am both a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPPC) with her undergraduate and graduate degree’s coming from California State University, Fullerton, and Sacramento State University, respectively. I create a safe and non-judgmental space where individuals can openly explore their emotions, knowing they are fully heard and understood.
I am a compassionate and empathetic therapist who believes in the power of collaboration on the journey to emotional well-being. I am both a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPPC) with her undergraduate and graduate degree’s coming from California State University, Fullerton, and Sacramento State University, respectively. I create a safe and non-judgmental space where individuals can openly explore their emotions, knowing they are fully heard and understood.
(916) 866-9347 View (916) 866-9347

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aetna
63% Cigna and Evernorth
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.