Therapists in Pasadena, CA

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Photo of Daphne Rahnama, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Daphne Rahnama
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Asking for help is not easy, so congratulations on taking the initial step toward self-improvement and fulfillment. Through our partnership, I hope to help you better understand yourself, your relationships and to help you see patterns that may be causing emotional distress. My training as a therapist is rooted in clinical social work, which conceptualizes mental health and healing from various individual, social, and cultural vantage points. Talking about issues in therapy may initially be difficult, but with time you will see yourself in a new light, and you will be able to accomplish positive change.
Asking for help is not easy, so congratulations on taking the initial step toward self-improvement and fulfillment. Through our partnership, I hope to help you better understand yourself, your relationships and to help you see patterns that may be causing emotional distress. My training as a therapist is rooted in clinical social work, which conceptualizes mental health and healing from various individual, social, and cultural vantage points. Talking about issues in therapy may initially be difficult, but with time you will see yourself in a new light, and you will be able to accomplish positive change.
(323) 609-5388 View (323) 609-5388
Photo of Melissa J Johnson, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Melissa J Johnson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Are you looking for ways to help your family m or yourself find zest and build strength for facing life's challenges? Is your family challenged by stress during COVID-19? I and the Institute therapy team work with children, teens, young women, families and gender-expansive youth to build resilience during challenging times like these. Individual, family, and group therapy are provided with fee and payment options to meet varied needs. As CEO and founder, I offer consultation and training to educators, medical and mental health professionals. Our website is full of resources to support social and emotional growth for our times.
Are you looking for ways to help your family m or yourself find zest and build strength for facing life's challenges? Is your family challenged by stress during COVID-19? I and the Institute therapy team work with children, teens, young women, families and gender-expansive youth to build resilience during challenging times like these. Individual, family, and group therapy are provided with fee and payment options to meet varied needs. As CEO and founder, I offer consultation and training to educators, medical and mental health professionals. Our website is full of resources to support social and emotional growth for our times.
(626) 782-5928 x108 View (626) 782-5928 x108
Photo of Sarah Rezak, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Sarah Rezak
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
Maybe you feel blocked at work, in a relationship, or creatively. Perhaps you are unsatisfied with an aspect of your life. If you are seeking a stronger connection to your true self, your body, or something else important to you, let's chat. My eclectic therapy approach works well with all types of people including: self-doubters, perfectionists, intimacy-fearfuls, existentially-unrested, procrastinators, relational dependents, trauma survivors, and more. I work holistically with individuals & couples to move through their various transitions, challenges, & mental health concerns.
Maybe you feel blocked at work, in a relationship, or creatively. Perhaps you are unsatisfied with an aspect of your life. If you are seeking a stronger connection to your true self, your body, or something else important to you, let's chat. My eclectic therapy approach works well with all types of people including: self-doubters, perfectionists, intimacy-fearfuls, existentially-unrested, procrastinators, relational dependents, trauma survivors, and more. I work holistically with individuals & couples to move through their various transitions, challenges, & mental health concerns.
(310) 504-5171 View (310) 504-5171
Photo of Holly A Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Holly A Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91107
I work with people experiencing many challenges including: generalized anxiety, health/illness anxiety, panic attacks, intrusive thoughts, grief, disenfranchised grief, difficult childhoods, relational trauma, ADHD. I can help you understand and modify what symptoms you're experiencing. Also, I can help you better understand why you behave they way you do in relationships, and help you adjust your patterns (e.g. codependence/people pleasing, being distant or hyper-independent, or, being overly controlling) that aren't serving you anymore. I work best with people who are interested in deep self exploration.
I work with people experiencing many challenges including: generalized anxiety, health/illness anxiety, panic attacks, intrusive thoughts, grief, disenfranchised grief, difficult childhoods, relational trauma, ADHD. I can help you understand and modify what symptoms you're experiencing. Also, I can help you better understand why you behave they way you do in relationships, and help you adjust your patterns (e.g. codependence/people pleasing, being distant or hyper-independent, or, being overly controlling) that aren't serving you anymore. I work best with people who are interested in deep self exploration.
(626) 653-4036 View (626) 653-4036
Photo of Andrew Brucker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Andrew Brucker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome neurodivergent (ND) folks! My name is Andrew and I am Autistic and ADHD, or AuDHD for short. Welcome to a place where you are accepted and appreciated. Welcome to a place where you can learn to celebrate yourself and what you have to offer. It’s time we stopped thinking about how we are “defective” and started focusing on how we are strong. Let’s figure out what it is that you excel at and let’s make a plan to find the best job that meets your needs. It’s time to stop trying to fit yourself into an environment and start building an environment that is right for you. Let’s live life on our own terms.
Welcome neurodivergent (ND) folks! My name is Andrew and I am Autistic and ADHD, or AuDHD for short. Welcome to a place where you are accepted and appreciated. Welcome to a place where you can learn to celebrate yourself and what you have to offer. It’s time we stopped thinking about how we are “defective” and started focusing on how we are strong. Let’s figure out what it is that you excel at and let’s make a plan to find the best job that meets your needs. It’s time to stop trying to fit yourself into an environment and start building an environment that is right for you. Let’s live life on our own terms.
(310) 746-5806 View (310) 746-5806
Photo of Amber Thomas, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Pasadena, CA
Amber Thomas
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ACSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Part of the work of therapy is to strengthen our belief that a future can exist for us, beyond the one we're able to grasp in the present moment. The fact that you're browsing through these profiles tells me that you may be considering taking the chance to see how things could feel different in your own life, better even! That reflects a powerful sense of inner-caring. Therapy can be used to clarify and untangle complex thoughts, feelings, behaviors, sensory cues, fears, and desires. This increased self-awareness can provide the foundation for taking steps in new and enlivening directions.
Part of the work of therapy is to strengthen our belief that a future can exist for us, beyond the one we're able to grasp in the present moment. The fact that you're browsing through these profiles tells me that you may be considering taking the chance to see how things could feel different in your own life, better even! That reflects a powerful sense of inner-caring. Therapy can be used to clarify and untangle complex thoughts, feelings, behaviors, sensory cues, fears, and desires. This increased self-awareness can provide the foundation for taking steps in new and enlivening directions.
(626) 469-5811 View (626) 469-5811
Photo of Andrea Price, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Pasadena, CA
Andrea Price
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91104
I believe that therapy should be a truly collaborative and evidence based approach. My approach is genuine and warm. I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship especially in working with kids, teens, parents and families. I have many years of experience working as a school based therapist and in inpatient adolescent treatment centers. I love providing support to parents and families when working with kids individually or in the context of family based treatment. My approach with kids emphasizes a neurorelational framework.
I believe that therapy should be a truly collaborative and evidence based approach. My approach is genuine and warm. I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship especially in working with kids, teens, parents and families. I have many years of experience working as a school based therapist and in inpatient adolescent treatment centers. I love providing support to parents and families when working with kids individually or in the context of family based treatment. My approach with kids emphasizes a neurorelational framework.
(323) 894-0263 View (323) 894-0263
Photo of Hillary Wright, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Hillary Wright
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91106
It may very well be that our deepest longing and need is for connection. To be heard and understood. To be known in places where many others are never allowed. To be more connected to the lost neglected parts of ourselves and those we care about. You have this opportunity in the safety of psychotherapy. It isn't always an easy road. Perhaps this sounds intimidating. Often it entails letting go of destructive habits or getting unstuck. We may need to look at old patterns and create new ones. There may be moments of laughing, crying, or facing hard truths.
It may very well be that our deepest longing and need is for connection. To be heard and understood. To be known in places where many others are never allowed. To be more connected to the lost neglected parts of ourselves and those we care about. You have this opportunity in the safety of psychotherapy. It isn't always an easy road. Perhaps this sounds intimidating. Often it entails letting go of destructive habits or getting unstuck. We may need to look at old patterns and create new ones. There may be moments of laughing, crying, or facing hard truths.
(424) 277-6208 View (424) 277-6208
Photo of Kristi Wollbrink, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Kristi Wollbrink
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
You feel frustrated at this continual sense of stress and anxiety, which is causing you to feel disconnected from the things and people you love. It may feel as if you have even lost the sense of connection with your own self. It doesn’t have to seem impossible to find a place of rediscovering a greater connection within yourself and the things that matter most to you.
You feel frustrated at this continual sense of stress and anxiety, which is causing you to feel disconnected from the things and people you love. It may feel as if you have even lost the sense of connection with your own self. It doesn’t have to seem impossible to find a place of rediscovering a greater connection within yourself and the things that matter most to you.
(562) 600-9146 View (562) 600-9146
Photo of Dustin Vander Haar, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Dustin Vander Haar
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
Healthy psychological development throughout child, adolescent, and young adulthood is the focus of my practice. I utilize family strengths to aid my clients in overcoming a wide range of academic, behavioral and relational challenges while uniquely offering a variety of data collection tools to direct interventions, measure progress, and create meaningful change. I realize that choosing a therapist is a difficult decision, especially when it comes to your children, so please feel free to inquire further to determine if my knowledge and experience fits your needs.
Healthy psychological development throughout child, adolescent, and young adulthood is the focus of my practice. I utilize family strengths to aid my clients in overcoming a wide range of academic, behavioral and relational challenges while uniquely offering a variety of data collection tools to direct interventions, measure progress, and create meaningful change. I realize that choosing a therapist is a difficult decision, especially when it comes to your children, so please feel free to inquire further to determine if my knowledge and experience fits your needs.
(626) 513-8284 x2 View (626) 513-8284 x2
Photo of Ryan A Howes, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Ryan A Howes
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
You know something isn't working in your life, and you want to figure out what's holding you back. Not a temporary band-aid, you want to get to the root of the problem. I work with adults and couples who want to live life to the fullest - but find obstacles in their thoughts, feelings, relationships, or experiences in their past. Together we'll confront these obstacles at your pace, without judgment.
You know something isn't working in your life, and you want to figure out what's holding you back. Not a temporary band-aid, you want to get to the root of the problem. I work with adults and couples who want to live life to the fullest - but find obstacles in their thoughts, feelings, relationships, or experiences in their past. Together we'll confront these obstacles at your pace, without judgment.
(626) 429-0321 View (626) 429-0321
Photo of Marlene Flores, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Marlene Flores
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Not accepting new clients
Throughout our life journey we face many challenges. Sometimes we develop old wounds from the past that do not let us live the life we deserve. Those old wounds we call traumatic events. Traumatic events can develop from our childhood experiences, past relationships, employment, near death experiences or the death of a loved one. Traumatic events can continue to affect us in our daily life from experiencing nightmares to repeatedly viewing an unsettling image in our mind.
Throughout our life journey we face many challenges. Sometimes we develop old wounds from the past that do not let us live the life we deserve. Those old wounds we call traumatic events. Traumatic events can develop from our childhood experiences, past relationships, employment, near death experiences or the death of a loved one. Traumatic events can continue to affect us in our daily life from experiencing nightmares to repeatedly viewing an unsettling image in our mind.
(818) 214-7883 View (818) 214-7883
Photo of Chantal Daley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Chantal Daley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Do you find yourself having a difficult time coping with anxiety, depression, and trauma? Do you have a hard time communicating and setting boundaries with others? Life is full of obstacles and hardships that may be difficult to overcome without the right tools, resources, and, guidance leading to the manifestation of these symptoms. I specialize in working with adults, couples, and adolescents using a Psychodynamic approach to explore unconscious thoughts and behaviors. In doing this, we are able to collaboratively recognize old ineffective patterns and process unresolved feelings and trauma.
Do you find yourself having a difficult time coping with anxiety, depression, and trauma? Do you have a hard time communicating and setting boundaries with others? Life is full of obstacles and hardships that may be difficult to overcome without the right tools, resources, and, guidance leading to the manifestation of these symptoms. I specialize in working with adults, couples, and adolescents using a Psychodynamic approach to explore unconscious thoughts and behaviors. In doing this, we are able to collaboratively recognize old ineffective patterns and process unresolved feelings and trauma.
(626) 317-6210 View (626) 317-6210
Photo of Maria Cruz Flores, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Maria Cruz Flores
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT, MS, MA
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Did you wake up this morning, feeling sad or with untold anxiety about starting your day? A day fraught with dealing with relational issues child(ren), your significant other, family members or others individuals? This be the day you pick up the phone to garner the support you deserve in making some much needed changes in your life. Help is but a phone call away.
Did you wake up this morning, feeling sad or with untold anxiety about starting your day? A day fraught with dealing with relational issues child(ren), your significant other, family members or others individuals? This be the day you pick up the phone to garner the support you deserve in making some much needed changes in your life. Help is but a phone call away.
(626) 986-3849 View (626) 986-3849
Photo of John D A Wayne, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
John D A Wayne
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
You might find yourself repeating situations that cause suffering. Though you are aware of this, you do not know why you find yourself in the same situation, for example with one after another of unsatisfying partners, friends, jobs, etc. In the way that I work, my patients and I listen in a unique way to what is being spoken so that something can be heard, and thus known, and now something negative will not have to be repeated in the same way. You can free yourself to do things in other, more satisfying ways for yourself. It is not easy, but well worth the investment.
You might find yourself repeating situations that cause suffering. Though you are aware of this, you do not know why you find yourself in the same situation, for example with one after another of unsatisfying partners, friends, jobs, etc. In the way that I work, my patients and I listen in a unique way to what is being spoken so that something can be heard, and thus known, and now something negative will not have to be repeated in the same way. You can free yourself to do things in other, more satisfying ways for yourself. It is not easy, but well worth the investment.
(626) 269-2750 View (626) 269-2750
Photo of Dr. Supatra Tovar, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Dr. Supatra Tovar
Psychologist, PsyD, RD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Struggling with eating and body image issues, depression and anxiety, trauma, life transitions, and problems with your relationships can be overwhelming. However, these issues do not need to be faced alone. Working together with a collaborative, compassionate, and empathetic therapist can help you achieve the life you want, the relationships you desire, and optimum physical and mental health. My ideal client is engaged in his or her healthcare, eager to learn and transform, and someone who desires change within a therapeutic, compassionate environment.
Struggling with eating and body image issues, depression and anxiety, trauma, life transitions, and problems with your relationships can be overwhelming. However, these issues do not need to be faced alone. Working together with a collaborative, compassionate, and empathetic therapist can help you achieve the life you want, the relationships you desire, and optimum physical and mental health. My ideal client is engaged in his or her healthcare, eager to learn and transform, and someone who desires change within a therapeutic, compassionate environment.
View
Photo of Jennifer Fuentes, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Pasadena, CA
Jennifer Fuentes
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91107
Couples tend to be drawn to each other's uniqueness and differences when they first meet. Differences can ignite an initial spark and a sense of excitement in a relationship. Challenges and potential disconnections can arise from the same differences that initially sparked attraction over time. Different communication styles, cultural backgrounds, or approaches to handling stress and conflict can lead to tension.
Couples tend to be drawn to each other's uniqueness and differences when they first meet. Differences can ignite an initial spark and a sense of excitement in a relationship. Challenges and potential disconnections can arise from the same differences that initially sparked attraction over time. Different communication styles, cultural backgrounds, or approaches to handling stress and conflict can lead to tension.
(626) 790-2960 View (626) 790-2960
Photo of Steven Keightley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Steven Keightley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105  (Online Only)
Steve Keightley is a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist (LMFT) who has been licensed & practicing since 2010. He graduated from John F. Kennedy University with a M. A. in Counseling Psychology. He trained and practiced in the Bay Area, as well as in and near Pasadena, CA. I use an eclectic approach combining Psychodynamic theory, Jungian psychology, and elements of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Clients describe me as thoughtful, empathic, intuitive, grounded, and patient. I find that working with my clients' past stories helps them to understand their thinking and behavior in the present.
Steve Keightley is a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist (LMFT) who has been licensed & practicing since 2010. He graduated from John F. Kennedy University with a M. A. in Counseling Psychology. He trained and practiced in the Bay Area, as well as in and near Pasadena, CA. I use an eclectic approach combining Psychodynamic theory, Jungian psychology, and elements of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Clients describe me as thoughtful, empathic, intuitive, grounded, and patient. I find that working with my clients' past stories helps them to understand their thinking and behavior in the present.
(323) 529-0789 View (323) 529-0789
Photo of German Ernesto Ortiz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
German Ernesto Ortiz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
I specialize in providing support to men seeking to gain control in their lives and are ready to take the necessary steps to make those changes. The men of today has to face obstacles in life differently than with previous generations, and navigating through all these roadblocks alone is extremely challenging for ones mental health. We all need additional support in different stages of our lives. Divorce/separation, custody issues, midlife/existential crisis, depression, and anxiety are just some of the problems the men of today have to live with.
I specialize in providing support to men seeking to gain control in their lives and are ready to take the necessary steps to make those changes. The men of today has to face obstacles in life differently than with previous generations, and navigating through all these roadblocks alone is extremely challenging for ones mental health. We all need additional support in different stages of our lives. Divorce/separation, custody issues, midlife/existential crisis, depression, and anxiety are just some of the problems the men of today have to live with.
(626) 606-1547 View (626) 606-1547
Photo of Melissa Springstead Cahill, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Melissa Springstead Cahill
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
I am an MFT with experience teaching, tutoring and providing psychotherapy to children, adolescents and their families. While I work with clients of all academic levels, I specialize in working with those who struggle academically due to a learning disability and other educational barriers. Along with individual and family psychotherapy, I also offer school consultation and observations. I find collaborating with teachers, school staff and other providers, my clients are able to have success in their academics and emotional/behavioral health.
I am an MFT with experience teaching, tutoring and providing psychotherapy to children, adolescents and their families. While I work with clients of all academic levels, I specialize in working with those who struggle academically due to a learning disability and other educational barriers. Along with individual and family psychotherapy, I also offer school consultation and observations. I find collaborating with teachers, school staff and other providers, my clients are able to have success in their academics and emotional/behavioral health.
(213) 261-8645 View (213) 261-8645

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pasadena, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Pasadena, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Grief
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

66% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pasadena, CA see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pasadena?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.