Therapists in Forest, VA

Photo of Sophia D Strange, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Sophia D Strange
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
Not accepting new clients
Sophia D. Strange, MA., is a Licensed Professional Counselor. I have over 14 years of experience helping children, adults and families navigate the struggles of mental health problems, communication needs and adjustment demands. I work children and young adults.
Sophia D. Strange, MA., is a Licensed Professional Counselor. I have over 14 years of experience helping children, adults and families navigate the struggles of mental health problems, communication needs and adjustment demands. I work children and young adults.
(434) 216-2410 View (434) 216-2410
Photo of Debra Crowder, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Debra Crowder
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
Are you are feeling sad, irritable or empty? Do you have trouble concentrating? Have you had a panic attack? What about nightmares or disturbing recollections of past frightening events? If so, therapy can help. Adolescents and adults who have experienced abuse, neglect, violence, bullying, loss of a loved one, divorce, or relationship problems can find relief through therapy.
Are you are feeling sad, irritable or empty? Do you have trouble concentrating? Have you had a panic attack? What about nightmares or disturbing recollections of past frightening events? If so, therapy can help. Adolescents and adults who have experienced abuse, neglect, violence, bullying, loss of a loved one, divorce, or relationship problems can find relief through therapy.
(434) 201-7401 View (434) 201-7401
Photo of Kathleen Van Allen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Kathleen Van Allen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in therapy for college students, young adults and women struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress management, motherhood/parenting, relationship issues, and interpersonal life skills. I also specialize in couples/marital counseling, Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders, and trauma training with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR). I develop strong relationships with my clients and, together, we work towards finding their roadmaps in life, improving self-worth, identifying goals/objectives, reducing hard feelings and behaviors, and overall feeling better at managing daily life
I specialize in therapy for college students, young adults and women struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress management, motherhood/parenting, relationship issues, and interpersonal life skills. I also specialize in couples/marital counseling, Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders, and trauma training with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR). I develop strong relationships with my clients and, together, we work towards finding their roadmaps in life, improving self-worth, identifying goals/objectives, reducing hard feelings and behaviors, and overall feeling better at managing daily life
(434) 299-2809 View (434) 299-2809
Photo of Shannon Soto, Resident in Counseling in Forest, VA
Shannon Soto
Resident in Counseling, MA, LPC-R
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
I am an outpatient therapist in private practice taking new clients at this time. I specialize in working with survivors, women and people who are learning to know their voice, their thoughts, their emotions as life enhancers, and discovering what they need to flourish. I aim to offer clients space to process emotions in a safe place and to come to know themselves and their needs for improved self-efficacy and empowerment.
I am an outpatient therapist in private practice taking new clients at this time. I specialize in working with survivors, women and people who are learning to know their voice, their thoughts, their emotions as life enhancers, and discovering what they need to flourish. I aim to offer clients space to process emotions in a safe place and to come to know themselves and their needs for improved self-efficacy and empowerment.
(434) 505-8433 View (434) 505-8433
Photo of Lisa Whitaker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Lisa Whitaker
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
If you are hurting or confused or just curious, counseling can be very helpful for improving your quality of life. I've worked with many issues for more than 12 years, each as unique as the individual or couple, but the list on my full profile will give you a general idea. It's always a pleasure to meet new people and build therapeutic relationships.
If you are hurting or confused or just curious, counseling can be very helpful for improving your quality of life. I've worked with many issues for more than 12 years, each as unique as the individual or couple, but the list on my full profile will give you a general idea. It's always a pleasure to meet new people and build therapeutic relationships.
(434) 509-4083 View (434) 509-4083
Photo of Heather J Aldridge, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Heather J Aldridge
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy working collaboratively with women who feel stuck in a particular place. Often these times are during a transition phase of life coupled with some grieving for a particular phase of life being left behind. I have a natural curiosity for why people do the things they do and this helps me to be inquisitive yet not judgemental regarding a person's behavior. I have a strong faith based background and will seek to use whatever spiritual strengths a person has to move them further along in the process of healing and adjusting to their new reality.
I enjoy working collaboratively with women who feel stuck in a particular place. Often these times are during a transition phase of life coupled with some grieving for a particular phase of life being left behind. I have a natural curiosity for why people do the things they do and this helps me to be inquisitive yet not judgemental regarding a person's behavior. I have a strong faith based background and will seek to use whatever spiritual strengths a person has to move them further along in the process of healing and adjusting to their new reality.
(540) 296-2680 View (540) 296-2680
Photo of Michelle Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Michelle Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C, RPT-S, ACS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
Waitlist for new clients
I think the first thing someone seeking help needs to release is a sense of wrongness - "I let this happen," "I'm no good," "If only I had..." These are all normal, human responses, but they are also hurtful and create a false sense of self. The reason I became a counselor was to help those individuals carrying around guilt and shame. It affects everything - your relationships, your work, everything! I want everyone to thrive and live their fullest life. Being able to see yourself clearly, not for what you've done or did not do, is a powerful healing agent.
I think the first thing someone seeking help needs to release is a sense of wrongness - "I let this happen," "I'm no good," "If only I had..." These are all normal, human responses, but they are also hurtful and create a false sense of self. The reason I became a counselor was to help those individuals carrying around guilt and shame. It affects everything - your relationships, your work, everything! I want everyone to thrive and live their fullest life. Being able to see yourself clearly, not for what you've done or did not do, is a powerful healing agent.
(434) 505-5451 View (434) 505-5451
Photo of Erin Sheetz Mace, Counselor in Forest, VA
Erin Sheetz Mace
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
I am licensed in Virginia with over 20 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with mindfulness and anxiety, family conflicts, trauma and abuse, & coping with change.
I am licensed in Virginia with over 20 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with mindfulness and anxiety, family conflicts, trauma and abuse, & coping with change.
(434) 448-9378 View (434) 448-9378
Photo of Gwen Seiler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Gwen Seiler
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
My career background before pursuing a Master of Arts in counseling was as an RN and then as executive director of a nonprofit women's ministry focused on eating disorders and other co-existing conditions. When assessing a client I try to take in the whole person: body, mind, and spirit, considering how each of these components is impacting the others. If a client chooses, I am willing to incorporate Christian faith-based counseling, in addition to a mix of therapeutic approaches. I also provide couples and family counseling. I have been married for 37 years and we have three grown children, 4 grandchildren, and 2 doodle-pups.
My career background before pursuing a Master of Arts in counseling was as an RN and then as executive director of a nonprofit women's ministry focused on eating disorders and other co-existing conditions. When assessing a client I try to take in the whole person: body, mind, and spirit, considering how each of these components is impacting the others. If a client chooses, I am willing to incorporate Christian faith-based counseling, in addition to a mix of therapeutic approaches. I also provide couples and family counseling. I have been married for 37 years and we have three grown children, 4 grandchildren, and 2 doodle-pups.
(434) 201-7441 View (434) 201-7441
Photo of Heather Jennings, Counselor in Forest, VA
Heather Jennings
Counselor, MA
Not Verified Not Verified
Forest, VA 24551  (Online Only)
I am a passionate Mental Health Life Coach committed to encouraging men and women of any age through difficulties they may face. Sometimes people need redirection and help in finding their best selves. I have been there and look forward to helping walk you through and help you achieve the next level, whether in your career or anxiety and depression, or if you need help with difficult people in your life. My work focuses on targeting irrational thoughts, behaviors, and beliefs that keep us discouraged and feeling stuck in life. At the end of our work together, I believe you will feel more empowered to take the next step.
I am a passionate Mental Health Life Coach committed to encouraging men and women of any age through difficulties they may face. Sometimes people need redirection and help in finding their best selves. I have been there and look forward to helping walk you through and help you achieve the next level, whether in your career or anxiety and depression, or if you need help with difficult people in your life. My work focuses on targeting irrational thoughts, behaviors, and beliefs that keep us discouraged and feeling stuck in life. At the end of our work together, I believe you will feel more empowered to take the next step.
(434) 290-4401 View (434) 290-4401
Photo of Avigyil Buehler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Avigyil Buehler
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a diverse background in mental health; working with issues including anxiety, depression, attachment injuries, domestic violence, parenting concerns, communication, boundaries, emotional regulation, Adverse Childhood Experiences/family of origin, grief/loss, chronic illness, etc. I prefer to use a holistic model, taking into account biopsychosocial factors in a person's life, rather than treating symptoms alone. When we work towards harmony among all systems in the body and with the rest of the world, we can find deeper, sustainable healing.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a diverse background in mental health; working with issues including anxiety, depression, attachment injuries, domestic violence, parenting concerns, communication, boundaries, emotional regulation, Adverse Childhood Experiences/family of origin, grief/loss, chronic illness, etc. I prefer to use a holistic model, taking into account biopsychosocial factors in a person's life, rather than treating symptoms alone. When we work towards harmony among all systems in the body and with the rest of the world, we can find deeper, sustainable healing.
(434) 362-5111 View (434) 362-5111
Photo of Sarah Embry, Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy in Forest, VA
Sarah Embry
Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy, MA
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
Each of us come with a unique set of life experiences. My hope is to provide you with a space to explore the impact of these life experiences and the role they play in your individual and relational functioning! My professional experience is reflected in a variety of settings including trauma-work, depression, anxiety, life transitions, attachment, pre-marital counseling, marriage counseling, and family counseling. If there is one thing you should know about what I believe it’s this: context matters! It matters because it provides meaning to the social, cultural, and environmental factors that influence the life of every human.
Each of us come with a unique set of life experiences. My hope is to provide you with a space to explore the impact of these life experiences and the role they play in your individual and relational functioning! My professional experience is reflected in a variety of settings including trauma-work, depression, anxiety, life transitions, attachment, pre-marital counseling, marriage counseling, and family counseling. If there is one thing you should know about what I believe it’s this: context matters! It matters because it provides meaning to the social, cultural, and environmental factors that influence the life of every human.
(434) 436-1019 View (434) 436-1019
Photo of Emily Woody, Counselor in Forest, VA
Emily Woody
Counselor, MEd , LPC , CEDS
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
Emily has a passion for working with individuals dealing with matters such as transition to adulthood, relationship issues, Eating Disorders, and trauma history. She uses a variety of techniques when developing rich relationships with her clients to help them overcome their challenges. Emily believes in all around wellness with the body and soul and incorporates this into her therapy sessions. She has training in Telehealth Services, CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), TF-CBT (Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) and Basic EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Emily is a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist.
Emily has a passion for working with individuals dealing with matters such as transition to adulthood, relationship issues, Eating Disorders, and trauma history. She uses a variety of techniques when developing rich relationships with her clients to help them overcome their challenges. Emily believes in all around wellness with the body and soul and incorporates this into her therapy sessions. She has training in Telehealth Services, CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), TF-CBT (Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) and Basic EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Emily is a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist.
(434) 597-3328 x116 View (434) 597-3328 x116
Photo of Kathryn Braswell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Kathryn Braswell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
I have been fortunate to gain experience working with teens to older adults in both the home and outpatient setting. I believe that building trust with my clients is one of the most important parts of the therapeutic process, as it is an invaluable asset to gain as I champion them to reach their goals toward healing and thriving. I have worked with clients who have suffered from depression, anxiety, bipolar, PTSD, codependency issues, emotion dysregulation, panic disorder, and grief. I have also worked with children in the foster care system, caregivers of those in foster care, and individuals who have suffered from sexual abuse.
I have been fortunate to gain experience working with teens to older adults in both the home and outpatient setting. I believe that building trust with my clients is one of the most important parts of the therapeutic process, as it is an invaluable asset to gain as I champion them to reach their goals toward healing and thriving. I have worked with clients who have suffered from depression, anxiety, bipolar, PTSD, codependency issues, emotion dysregulation, panic disorder, and grief. I have also worked with children in the foster care system, caregivers of those in foster care, and individuals who have suffered from sexual abuse.
(434) 474-2903 View (434) 474-2903
Photo of Kaitlin Royer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Kaitlin Royer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
Not accepting new clients
Kaitlin has been working in the counseling field for over eight years and has experience in various settings including: inpatient psychiatry, intensive in-home, school-based, crisis stabilization, and outpatient therapy. Kaitlin is particularly passionate about working with those who are recovering from narcissistic abuse or struggling with grief, trauma, or a mood disorder. Kaitlin utilizes ACT and evidence-based techniques to assist clients in their healing journey. In her spare time, Kaitlin enjoys going to concerts, exploring abandoned places, spending time with friends and family, and cheering on Philadelphia sports teams.
Kaitlin has been working in the counseling field for over eight years and has experience in various settings including: inpatient psychiatry, intensive in-home, school-based, crisis stabilization, and outpatient therapy. Kaitlin is particularly passionate about working with those who are recovering from narcissistic abuse or struggling with grief, trauma, or a mood disorder. Kaitlin utilizes ACT and evidence-based techniques to assist clients in their healing journey. In her spare time, Kaitlin enjoys going to concerts, exploring abandoned places, spending time with friends and family, and cheering on Philadelphia sports teams.
(434) 442-5293 View (434) 442-5293
Photo of Keith D Huffman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Keith D Huffman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551  (Online Only)
My ideal client are the ones who tried therapy in the past, felt like it didn't match or work as well as they had wanted and are hesitant to try again but hold out hope that they can have the life they always wanted. One of the greatest feelings I have as a therapist is watching a client is seeing a client go from lack of confidence and hope to to a place of confidence, peace and happiness.
My ideal client are the ones who tried therapy in the past, felt like it didn't match or work as well as they had wanted and are hesitant to try again but hold out hope that they can have the life they always wanted. One of the greatest feelings I have as a therapist is watching a client is seeing a client go from lack of confidence and hope to to a place of confidence, peace and happiness.
(434) 226-5745 View (434) 226-5745
Photo of Carson Halufska, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Carson Halufska
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, ITC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
Carson is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia & is a Certified Integrative Trauma Coach. To date, her clinical experience includes work in an array of sectors including an in-patient psychiatric hospital, community mental health, schools, & private practice. Carson has over 9 years of experience working with a variety of topics including anxiety, depression, women's sexual addictions, anger management, trauma, parenting issues, attachment issues, ADHD & more. Upon request, Carson also offers faith-based counseling that places Biblical truths at the center of your counseling journey.
Carson is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia & is a Certified Integrative Trauma Coach. To date, her clinical experience includes work in an array of sectors including an in-patient psychiatric hospital, community mental health, schools, & private practice. Carson has over 9 years of experience working with a variety of topics including anxiety, depression, women's sexual addictions, anger management, trauma, parenting issues, attachment issues, ADHD & more. Upon request, Carson also offers faith-based counseling that places Biblical truths at the center of your counseling journey.
(434) 602-5964 View (434) 602-5964
Photo of Lisa Michelle Fox, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Lisa Michelle Fox
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
Many of my clients have spent much of their time dealing with thoughts, emotions, or images are stressful and reoccurring, so if you do too, know you are not alone. If you are tired of just coping with your thoughts and feelings I would love to talk more! I focus on helping clients get unstuck from their experiences such as childhood and adult trauma, PTSD, OCD (Obsessive-compulsive Disorder) and other anxiety and depression related issues and back into living life.
Many of my clients have spent much of their time dealing with thoughts, emotions, or images are stressful and reoccurring, so if you do too, know you are not alone. If you are tired of just coping with your thoughts and feelings I would love to talk more! I focus on helping clients get unstuck from their experiences such as childhood and adult trauma, PTSD, OCD (Obsessive-compulsive Disorder) and other anxiety and depression related issues and back into living life.
(434) 602-9907 View (434) 602-9907
Photo of Trish Mccoy Kessler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Forest, VA
Trish Mccoy Kessler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CEDS, iaedp, Consult
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
Not accepting new clients
Currently I am not taking any new clients. I started Empower Counseling, PC to address the specific needs of women and teenage girls; however EVERYONE is welcome! As the owner and founder of Empower Counseling, we are always growing to support the needs of our community. Please see our website to view our amazing team of counselors. www.empowercounseling.info My goal is to provide a place for clients to feel safe, learn about themselves, find healing, increase confidence, and return power back into their lives.
Currently I am not taking any new clients. I started Empower Counseling, PC to address the specific needs of women and teenage girls; however EVERYONE is welcome! As the owner and founder of Empower Counseling, we are always growing to support the needs of our community. Please see our website to view our amazing team of counselors. www.empowercounseling.info My goal is to provide a place for clients to feel safe, learn about themselves, find healing, increase confidence, and return power back into their lives.
(434) 326-4064 View (434) 326-4064
Photo of Advanced Psychotherapeutics, Psychologist in Forest, VA
Advanced Psychotherapeutics
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
Our motto: "We don't treat problems, we fix them." We offer the best in counseling and alternative medicine in Virginia. I have been trained in research applications and the clinical use of non-invasive brain stimulation at Harvard Medical School. I'm also trained in neurofeedback. Our therapists treat a variety of disorders to include ADHD, Autism, Mood disorders, substance abuse, marriage and family, and others. We offer the most comprehensive services available in Virginia. In addition to treatment, we are also a training and research facility. Whether you're looking for therapy, life coaching, or brain stimulation, we can help.
Our motto: "We don't treat problems, we fix them." We offer the best in counseling and alternative medicine in Virginia. I have been trained in research applications and the clinical use of non-invasive brain stimulation at Harvard Medical School. I'm also trained in neurofeedback. Our therapists treat a variety of disorders to include ADHD, Autism, Mood disorders, substance abuse, marriage and family, and others. We offer the most comprehensive services available in Virginia. In addition to treatment, we are also a training and research facility. Whether you're looking for therapy, life coaching, or brain stimulation, we can help.
(434) 446-1018 View (434) 446-1018

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Forest, VA

60+

Average cost per session

$100

Therapists in Forest, VA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
82% Trauma and PTSD
81% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
67% Self Esteem
64% Stress
60% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Anthem | Elevance
68% Cigna and Evernorth
66% Aetna

How Therapists in Forest, VA see their clients

93% In Person and Online
7% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
23% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Forest?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.