Therapists in Iowa City, IA

Photo of Andrea Layne, Mental Health Counselor in Iowa City, IA
Andrea Layne
Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240
Accepting new clients Monday - Friday, mostly morning with some afternoons ——- You have inherent worth as you are, right now, in this moment. Read that again. You do not have to be perfect in order to be loved or to love yourself. I can help you grow in your care and acceptance of yourself. My role is to empower you to live an authentic, meaningful life … Pain can't be eliminated but it can be acknowledged, seen. I provide a compassionate space to explore your needs, struggles, and relationships.
Accepting new clients Monday - Friday, mostly morning with some afternoons ——- You have inherent worth as you are, right now, in this moment. Read that again. You do not have to be perfect in order to be loved or to love yourself. I can help you grow in your care and acceptance of yourself. My role is to empower you to live an authentic, meaningful life … Pain can't be eliminated but it can be acknowledged, seen. I provide a compassionate space to explore your needs, struggles, and relationships.
(319) 220-5641 View (319) 220-5641
Photo of Debra Kay, Psychologist in Iowa City, IA
Debra Kay
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52245  (Online Only)
People call a psychologist's office when there is a problem, a crisis, something is not working. It isn't the first place you go; it's often a choice of last resort. It's difficult to make the phone call, send the email, commit to a time, and then actually show up. If you are willing to wade through those difficult first steps, it is our job from that point to create an environment of acceptance.
People call a psychologist's office when there is a problem, a crisis, something is not working. It isn't the first place you go; it's often a choice of last resort. It's difficult to make the phone call, send the email, commit to a time, and then actually show up. If you are willing to wade through those difficult first steps, it is our job from that point to create an environment of acceptance.
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Photo of Rachael L Carr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Rachael L Carr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240
Not accepting new clients
Through somatic therapies and trauma-informed approaches, I will guide you toward developing the ability to be with, and relate to uncertainty in a way that creates new possibilities. Focusing on certainty or "getting everything right" often results in exhausting cycles of anxiety or anger, freeze and sometimes depression/collapse. Embracing uncertainty means learning the practice of leaning into resources wherever you are, whatever is going on, in a constantly changing world. I look forward to guiding you toward relating to your body, mind, others and the outside world in a more sustainable way.
Through somatic therapies and trauma-informed approaches, I will guide you toward developing the ability to be with, and relate to uncertainty in a way that creates new possibilities. Focusing on certainty or "getting everything right" often results in exhausting cycles of anxiety or anger, freeze and sometimes depression/collapse. Embracing uncertainty means learning the practice of leaning into resources wherever you are, whatever is going on, in a constantly changing world. I look forward to guiding you toward relating to your body, mind, others and the outside world in a more sustainable way.
(319) 774-7750 View (319) 774-7750
Photo of Sally H Darley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Sally H Darley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240
My ideal client is commited to personal growth. I believe we are all fragile creatures, yet capable of resilience. We experience painful thought/feeling states and then we weave stories to explain them. Narrative Therapy has been a natural fit for me: the client defines the goals, we examine the details of self-limiting stories, including family and cultural "scripts." We work to co-create stories about identity that have more space for possibilities and emotional resilience.
My ideal client is commited to personal growth. I believe we are all fragile creatures, yet capable of resilience. We experience painful thought/feeling states and then we weave stories to explain them. Narrative Therapy has been a natural fit for me: the client defines the goals, we examine the details of self-limiting stories, including family and cultural "scripts." We work to co-create stories about identity that have more space for possibilities and emotional resilience.
(319) 214-7551 View (319) 214-7551
Photo of Interplay Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Interplay Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52245  (Online Only)
Susan G Schmitz, MSW, LISW and Sarah K Anderson, MSW, LISW work with adults, adolescents and some older elementary school-aged children along with their families. Common presenting issues include anxiety, depression, trauma, difficulty with life transitions such as divorce, grief and loss, and relationship issues. We employ a strengths-based approach within a non-judgmental, eclectic framework. We will work together to tailor treatment plans to your needs. Each of us offers a unique, yet similar approach, having been trained a generation apart, but within the same theories and modalities.
Susan G Schmitz, MSW, LISW and Sarah K Anderson, MSW, LISW work with adults, adolescents and some older elementary school-aged children along with their families. Common presenting issues include anxiety, depression, trauma, difficulty with life transitions such as divorce, grief and loss, and relationship issues. We employ a strengths-based approach within a non-judgmental, eclectic framework. We will work together to tailor treatment plans to your needs. Each of us offers a unique, yet similar approach, having been trained a generation apart, but within the same theories and modalities.
(319) 354-0786 View (319) 354-0786
Photo of JoAnna Romero Cartaya, Psychologist in Iowa City, IA
JoAnna Romero Cartaya
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52240
Accepting new therapy clients for Fall 2023! I enjoy meeting with high school/college/graduate students and professionals who want to live life with authenticy, courage, and purpose and who are seeking ways to recharge and reconnect to themselves. Although experiences of life, including trauma, anxiety, or depression as well as changes or expansions of our responsibilities may impact how we think, feel, and behave these life experiences, while overwhelming at times, can also lead to the greatest growth, discovery, and reclaiming confidence and perhaps above all discovering that life is truly meaningful even while imperfect.
Accepting new therapy clients for Fall 2023! I enjoy meeting with high school/college/graduate students and professionals who want to live life with authenticy, courage, and purpose and who are seeking ways to recharge and reconnect to themselves. Although experiences of life, including trauma, anxiety, or depression as well as changes or expansions of our responsibilities may impact how we think, feel, and behave these life experiences, while overwhelming at times, can also lead to the greatest growth, discovery, and reclaiming confidence and perhaps above all discovering that life is truly meaningful even while imperfect.
(319) 774-8237 View (319) 774-8237
Photo of United Action for Youth Psychotherapy Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
United Action for Youth Psychotherapy Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52244
Waitlist for new clients
The therapists at United Action for Youth have a unique ability to engage teenagers in individual adolescent psychotherapy. They balance listening with talking; they don't lecture or blame; they tailor their style to increase the youth's comfort. UAY therapists have expertise in the areas that are common concerns for teens, parents, and young adults. Although our focus is serving youth 10-25, we can also provide services for adults if space is available.
The therapists at United Action for Youth have a unique ability to engage teenagers in individual adolescent psychotherapy. They balance listening with talking; they don't lecture or blame; they tailor their style to increase the youth's comfort. UAY therapists have expertise in the areas that are common concerns for teens, parents, and young adults. Although our focus is serving youth 10-25, we can also provide services for adults if space is available.
(319) 313-2518 View (319) 313-2518
Photo of Jeremy Caleb Kinser, Psychologist in Iowa City, IA
Jeremy Caleb Kinser
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52245
I work best with those who are interested in and motivated to deeply explore and understand themselves in the service of lasting growth. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, grief, OCD, relationship concerns, family-of-origin difficulties, and feelings of isolation and disconnection. I also have a strong interest in working with individuals with marginalized identities who present with identity-related challenges, especially when living in a context that doesn't support- or actively works to oppress- those identities.
I work best with those who are interested in and motivated to deeply explore and understand themselves in the service of lasting growth. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, grief, OCD, relationship concerns, family-of-origin difficulties, and feelings of isolation and disconnection. I also have a strong interest in working with individuals with marginalized identities who present with identity-related challenges, especially when living in a context that doesn't support- or actively works to oppress- those identities.
(319) 251-2193 View (319) 251-2193
Photo of Richard A Stapleton, Counselor in Iowa City, IA
Richard A Stapleton
Counselor, EdD, LMHC, NCC, ACS, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Shanthi is a tele-mental health practice based in Iowa City, IA, that uses a HIPAA compliant video-based system. I work with all mental health issues, but I focus a lot of my practice working with trauma, vicarious trauma, and working with medical professionals experiencing compassion fatigue or imposter syndrome. I only provide individual counseling for adults. All sessions are conducted through audio/video. I don't provide in-person sessions. You can expect that all sessions will be conducted over video and not through worksheets and text messages.
Shanthi is a tele-mental health practice based in Iowa City, IA, that uses a HIPAA compliant video-based system. I work with all mental health issues, but I focus a lot of my practice working with trauma, vicarious trauma, and working with medical professionals experiencing compassion fatigue or imposter syndrome. I only provide individual counseling for adults. All sessions are conducted through audio/video. I don't provide in-person sessions. You can expect that all sessions will be conducted over video and not through worksheets and text messages.
(319) 264-1603 View (319) 264-1603
Photo of B. Remi Greenbaum, Psychologist in Iowa City, IA
B. Remi Greenbaum
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52246  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome, thank you for being here. I see (many) experiences of suffering as inevitable and how we respond and care for ourselves through them matters. My work is based on a philosophy of learning to suffer well, meaning that we engage with curiosity and kindness, as we develop new ways to soothe distress and communicate with honesty and respect. Together we can tend to the roots of your suffering and make room for joy. I work from a trauma and compassion lens and integrate other EBTs. I prioritize safety, trustworthiness and transparency, collaborating and empowering your voice and choice while respecting your culture and history.
Welcome, thank you for being here. I see (many) experiences of suffering as inevitable and how we respond and care for ourselves through them matters. My work is based on a philosophy of learning to suffer well, meaning that we engage with curiosity and kindness, as we develop new ways to soothe distress and communicate with honesty and respect. Together we can tend to the roots of your suffering and make room for joy. I work from a trauma and compassion lens and integrate other EBTs. I prioritize safety, trustworthiness and transparency, collaborating and empowering your voice and choice while respecting your culture and history.
(319) 552-6523 View (319) 552-6523
Photo of Julian and Associates Psychotherapy Services PC, Counselor in Iowa City, IA
Julian and Associates Psychotherapy Services PC
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, ACS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52245
Waitlist for new clients
Dr. Julian has been in mental health practice since 2004 and is dedicated to the empowerment of her clients. She has specialty training in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy from EMDRIA and Sex Therapy from the Florida Sex Therapy Institute.
Dr. Julian has been in mental health practice since 2004 and is dedicated to the empowerment of her clients. She has specialty training in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy from EMDRIA and Sex Therapy from the Florida Sex Therapy Institute.
(319) 250-4836 View (319) 250-4836
Photo of Karen A Nelson, Psychologist in Iowa City, IA
Karen A Nelson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52240
Can't sleep? Trapped in anxious rumination? Misplaced your joy? I specialize in treating insomnia, anxiety, panic and OCD in adults and high school age teens. Clients learn skills and enhance their confidence within a validating Behavioral Therapy framework. Clients co-create weekly behavioral experiments and track their mood, body responses. Therapy is time-limited and problem-focused.
Can't sleep? Trapped in anxious rumination? Misplaced your joy? I specialize in treating insomnia, anxiety, panic and OCD in adults and high school age teens. Clients learn skills and enhance their confidence within a validating Behavioral Therapy framework. Clients co-create weekly behavioral experiments and track their mood, body responses. Therapy is time-limited and problem-focused.
(319) 214-8740 View (319) 214-8740
Photo of Sojourner Psychotherapy PLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Sojourner Psychotherapy PLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, RPT, CADC
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52246
I consider it my privilege to join with others as they share their stories of who they are, the challenges and joys of where they have been and assisting them as they discover what lies ahead in their life's journey. Anyone who has a curiosity about who they are, how life events and circumstances affect them, have a willingness to change with a hope of where they want to be in life... is welcome.
I consider it my privilege to join with others as they share their stories of who they are, the challenges and joys of where they have been and assisting them as they discover what lies ahead in their life's journey. Anyone who has a curiosity about who they are, how life events and circumstances affect them, have a willingness to change with a hope of where they want to be in life... is welcome.
(319) 339-1111 View (319) 339-1111
Photo of Kelson Warner, Counselor in Iowa City, IA
Kelson Warner
Counselor, tLMHC
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52245
It can be very challenging and difficult to talk to someone about your mental health. Reaching out to a therapist is a brave first step towards healing. I aim to provide a warm, safe, and non-judgmental environment where I assist my client in constructing a treatment plan that works best for their current needs and lifestyle. In session, I utilize a combination of Person-Centered, Narrative, Cognitive-behavioral, and Solution Focused approaches to meet my client’s individualistic or holistic needs. I also specialize in the technique of brain-spotting and am currently working to earn certification.
It can be very challenging and difficult to talk to someone about your mental health. Reaching out to a therapist is a brave first step towards healing. I aim to provide a warm, safe, and non-judgmental environment where I assist my client in constructing a treatment plan that works best for their current needs and lifestyle. In session, I utilize a combination of Person-Centered, Narrative, Cognitive-behavioral, and Solution Focused approaches to meet my client’s individualistic or holistic needs. I also specialize in the technique of brain-spotting and am currently working to earn certification.
(319) 988-2878 x3 View (319) 988-2878 x3
Photo of Dawn Worrell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Dawn Worrell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240
I feel honored to have helped guide and support individuals and families for over 20 years. I strive to help identify problems, resolve conflicts and promote optimal functioning in your everyday life. I specialize in empowering oneself to work through the distress of Divorce, Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, Attachment, and Trauma that have negatively impacted yourself and your relationships with others. Within the context of a safe and supportive environment, I develop trusting relationships with clients that enhance and encourage growth and change. I believe anyone can make changes in their life and I can provide optimism and hope when you feel there is none.
I feel honored to have helped guide and support individuals and families for over 20 years. I strive to help identify problems, resolve conflicts and promote optimal functioning in your everyday life. I specialize in empowering oneself to work through the distress of Divorce, Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, Attachment, and Trauma that have negatively impacted yourself and your relationships with others. Within the context of a safe and supportive environment, I develop trusting relationships with clients that enhance and encourage growth and change. I believe anyone can make changes in their life and I can provide optimism and hope when you feel there is none.
(319) 250-4482 View (319) 250-4482
Photo of Kyle Votroubek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Iowa City, IA
Kyle Votroubek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240
What would it feel like to resolve the thing that has been weighing on you? Is there an issue, situation, or relationship that is causing you stress? Or, is there something about yourself, an area in your life, or something from your past that affects you but you aren’t sure how to address it? Resolution can take many forms and might end up being different than what you thought it would be. It can be helpful to explore your situation with an experienced counselor.
What would it feel like to resolve the thing that has been weighing on you? Is there an issue, situation, or relationship that is causing you stress? Or, is there something about yourself, an area in your life, or something from your past that affects you but you aren’t sure how to address it? Resolution can take many forms and might end up being different than what you thought it would be. It can be helpful to explore your situation with an experienced counselor.
(319) 469-8290 View (319) 469-8290
Photo of Todd Kopelman, Psychologist in Iowa City, IA
Todd Kopelman
Psychologist, PhD, BCBA
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52240
Finding the right kind of help when you have a child with developmental or behavioral concerns can be overwhelming. At Meadowlark Psychiatric Services, I am passionate about making the process easier by providing comprehensive evaluations, clear recommendations, and therapy. I conduct Autism Spectrum Disorder assessments with children and adults. I have expertise in providing therapy with persons with Autism, ADHD, anxiety, and OCD. I am trained in behavioral and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to address a range of behavioral concerns that may present in home, school, or other settings.
Finding the right kind of help when you have a child with developmental or behavioral concerns can be overwhelming. At Meadowlark Psychiatric Services, I am passionate about making the process easier by providing comprehensive evaluations, clear recommendations, and therapy. I conduct Autism Spectrum Disorder assessments with children and adults. I have expertise in providing therapy with persons with Autism, ADHD, anxiety, and OCD. I am trained in behavioral and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to address a range of behavioral concerns that may present in home, school, or other settings.
(319) 725-2159 View (319) 725-2159
Photo of Parth Patel, Counselor in Iowa City, IA
Parth Patel
Counselor, tLMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240
Finding the ideal therapist may feel overwhelming. If you're feeling stuck and ready for a chance to change, you are in the right place. As a therapist, I'd like to support you in learning how to manage anxiety, grief, depression, and low self-esteem. I use an integrative approach by pulling from elements of cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, ACT, and solution focused therapy. I have over 6 years of experience counseling youth and adults experiencing mental health crisis including suicidal thoughts. My intention is to help clients understand all parts of themselves fully so they can live more meaningful lives.
Finding the ideal therapist may feel overwhelming. If you're feeling stuck and ready for a chance to change, you are in the right place. As a therapist, I'd like to support you in learning how to manage anxiety, grief, depression, and low self-esteem. I use an integrative approach by pulling from elements of cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, ACT, and solution focused therapy. I have over 6 years of experience counseling youth and adults experiencing mental health crisis including suicidal thoughts. My intention is to help clients understand all parts of themselves fully so they can live more meaningful lives.
(319) 601-8103 View (319) 601-8103
Photo of Lanaya L Ethington, Psychologist in Iowa City, IA
Lanaya L Ethington
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Iowa City, IA 52240  (Online Only)
I work well with clients whose concerns are related to anxiety, eating disorders, OCD, grief/loss, trauma, mood disorders, depression, perfectionism, and concerns related to identity. I enjoy helping people build skills to more effectively respond to their distress, and to engage in their lives with an increased sense of purpose and awareness of their values. I worked in a college counseling center for 10 years before co-founding a private practice, and work well with people who are making a life transition.
I work well with clients whose concerns are related to anxiety, eating disorders, OCD, grief/loss, trauma, mood disorders, depression, perfectionism, and concerns related to identity. I enjoy helping people build skills to more effectively respond to their distress, and to engage in their lives with an increased sense of purpose and awareness of their values. I worked in a college counseling center for 10 years before co-founding a private practice, and work well with people who are making a life transition.
(319) 271-6483 View (319) 271-6483
Photo of Gail Garwood, Counselor in Iowa City, IA
Gail Garwood
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52240
Does it feel like life is moving along — you’re getting by on the day to day —but something is missing. Some struggle to make things better but don’t always have an idea of how. Maybe you don’t get along with important people in your life, your stress levels feel suffocating, or you are going through a life transition and feel lost. You want to feel less emotional or be better at connecting with others. You want to be able to think your way through difficult situations. You want to make choices that align you with your goals. Here’s the good news: if you recognize that you feel stagnated, you are on the brink of change.
Does it feel like life is moving along — you’re getting by on the day to day —but something is missing. Some struggle to make things better but don’t always have an idea of how. Maybe you don’t get along with important people in your life, your stress levels feel suffocating, or you are going through a life transition and feel lost. You want to feel less emotional or be better at connecting with others. You want to be able to think your way through difficult situations. You want to make choices that align you with your goals. Here’s the good news: if you recognize that you feel stagnated, you are on the brink of change.
(319) 774-4306 View (319) 774-4306

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Iowa City, IA

300+

Average cost per session

$157

Therapists in Iowa City, IA who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
93% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
73% Coping Skills
73% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% Wellmark BCBS
44% Blue Cross

How Therapists in Iowa City, IA see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Iowa City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.