Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

View neighborhoods in Scottsdale
Photo of Lorelei Carter, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Lorelei Carter
Counselor, MEd, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Hi, I'm Lorelei and I love working with adults and couples. I know by the time you come to therapy, often you've been struggling for awhile on your own. Well I believe many of your answers are already within you and it's my job to help reveal them. I'm an expert listener and will help you deal with anxiety, stress, depression, self-doubt, cleaning up the past, boundaries, and more. As you are changing, so will your relationship with yourself and others. Is therapy easy? Not always, but doing the work and feeling better will help tremendously so you're living the life you were meant to.
Hi, I'm Lorelei and I love working with adults and couples. I know by the time you come to therapy, often you've been struggling for awhile on your own. Well I believe many of your answers are already within you and it's my job to help reveal them. I'm an expert listener and will help you deal with anxiety, stress, depression, self-doubt, cleaning up the past, boundaries, and more. As you are changing, so will your relationship with yourself and others. Is therapy easy? Not always, but doing the work and feeling better will help tremendously so you're living the life you were meant to.
(602) 693-1705 x704 View (602) 693-1705 x704
Photo of Danielle Russo, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Danielle Russo
Counselor, MS, LPC, CAS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Waitlist for new clients
Are you looking to make a change to improve your life? Let’s start that process together and kudos to you for taking the first step in your path. Being in the counseling field for four years, I have gained a vast amount of knowledge of how to best serve my client’s presenting needs. I have a passion for guiding people to find their voice and turning any challenge into a strength. Building a comfortable environment and good rapport is incredibly important to me as it helps us speak more openly and tackled concerns together.
Are you looking to make a change to improve your life? Let’s start that process together and kudos to you for taking the first step in your path. Being in the counseling field for four years, I have gained a vast amount of knowledge of how to best serve my client’s presenting needs. I have a passion for guiding people to find their voice and turning any challenge into a strength. Building a comfortable environment and good rapport is incredibly important to me as it helps us speak more openly and tackled concerns together.
(480) 906-4872 View (480) 906-4872
Photo of Sabra Jean House, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Sabra Jean House
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Not accepting new clients
My name is Sabra and I've been in practice for over forty years. I love what I do...helping people resolve traumas from their past, deal with stressors in their present life, and provide tools for dealing with the future. I honor you for being brave enough to come in for counseling. I respect the coping mechanisms that have gotten you this far. I work with you to achieve the peace, harmony, happiness and the anxiety free existence that you desire.
My name is Sabra and I've been in practice for over forty years. I love what I do...helping people resolve traumas from their past, deal with stressors in their present life, and provide tools for dealing with the future. I honor you for being brave enough to come in for counseling. I respect the coping mechanisms that have gotten you this far. I work with you to achieve the peace, harmony, happiness and the anxiety free existence that you desire.
(480) 405-3979 View (480) 405-3979
Photo of Patrice Mudie, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Patrice Mudie
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251  (Online Only)
Hello and Welcome! I am accepting new clients and provide telehealth counseling. My services can be accessed through Headway.co. At this time, I accept Cigna, Aetna or private pay. As an independent therapist, I am committed to providing a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your inner world and find healing. I integrate evidence-based approaches to address the impact of trauma on your well-being. My unique blend of EMDR therapy and a person-centered approach ensures that you receive personalized care tailored to your specific needs.
Hello and Welcome! I am accepting new clients and provide telehealth counseling. My services can be accessed through Headway.co. At this time, I accept Cigna, Aetna or private pay. As an independent therapist, I am committed to providing a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your inner world and find healing. I integrate evidence-based approaches to address the impact of trauma on your well-being. My unique blend of EMDR therapy and a person-centered approach ensures that you receive personalized care tailored to your specific needs.
(623) 283-2194 View (623) 283-2194
Photo of Shantay Williams, Pre-Licensed Professional in Scottsdale, AZ
Shantay Williams
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
As a Marriage and Family Therapy intern, I provide confidential counseling to help individuals, couples, families, and groups reach their goals. With my Bachelor of Science in Family & Human Development from Arizona State University as the foundation for my work, plus years of experience exploring personal and professional relationships. I am currently in my graduate program studying Marriage and Family Therapy. I'm ready to guide you on your path toward greater understanding with an open heart that's free from judgment.
As a Marriage and Family Therapy intern, I provide confidential counseling to help individuals, couples, families, and groups reach their goals. With my Bachelor of Science in Family & Human Development from Arizona State University as the foundation for my work, plus years of experience exploring personal and professional relationships. I am currently in my graduate program studying Marriage and Family Therapy. I'm ready to guide you on your path toward greater understanding with an open heart that's free from judgment.
(480) 454-1296 View (480) 454-1296
Photo of Sandrine A Aegerter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Sandrine A Aegerter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My calling is to help people on their journey to healing and wellness. Real healing and growth, I believe, is achieved by addressing the multiple dimensions that make us human beings: caring not only for the body but also the mind and spirit. I work with individuals and couples to resolve issues related to anxiety, depression, relationship issues and life transition issues. I offer secure online counseling services.
My calling is to help people on their journey to healing and wellness. Real healing and growth, I believe, is achieved by addressing the multiple dimensions that make us human beings: caring not only for the body but also the mind and spirit. I work with individuals and couples to resolve issues related to anxiety, depression, relationship issues and life transition issues. I offer secure online counseling services.
(480) 571-5429 View (480) 571-5429
Photo of Marilyn T Steisel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Marilyn T Steisel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85255
Stressed, anxious, unhappy, frustrated or unfulfilled, any one or combination of these feelings can make you feel as if your life has gone off track and at a loss as to how to make it better. Becoming involved in a relationship which is private, safe, nonjudgmental and trusting with a therapist who is skilled and experienced in helping you understand and overcome your struggles can help you feel better and achieve goals which you set for yourself. I offer this type of relationship. We can work together to make your life much better and more satisfying. I have been helping people with their life difficulties for over 35 years.
Stressed, anxious, unhappy, frustrated or unfulfilled, any one or combination of these feelings can make you feel as if your life has gone off track and at a loss as to how to make it better. Becoming involved in a relationship which is private, safe, nonjudgmental and trusting with a therapist who is skilled and experienced in helping you understand and overcome your struggles can help you feel better and achieve goals which you set for yourself. I offer this type of relationship. We can work together to make your life much better and more satisfying. I have been helping people with their life difficulties for over 35 years.
(480) 245-5140 View (480) 245-5140
Photo of Selena Soni, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Selena Soni
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Feeling defeated, worthless, incapable, have low self-esteem and self-worth? Feeling unfulfilled in work and relationships? Feeling stuck in life or with looping thoughts? I specialize in helping clients overcome the loss of self, anxiety, and depression in a matter of months rather than years; increase acceptance, experience the present, and live with more purpose. I will help you focus on removing the barriers to wellness, finding relief, and a new peace of mind.
Feeling defeated, worthless, incapable, have low self-esteem and self-worth? Feeling unfulfilled in work and relationships? Feeling stuck in life or with looping thoughts? I specialize in helping clients overcome the loss of self, anxiety, and depression in a matter of months rather than years; increase acceptance, experience the present, and live with more purpose. I will help you focus on removing the barriers to wellness, finding relief, and a new peace of mind.
(480) 300-2635 View (480) 300-2635
Photo of Ali Iverson (Schilling), Psychologist in Scottsdale, AZ
Ali Iverson (Schilling)
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Have you been struggling with anxiety, perfectionism, intrusive thoughts or feeling overwhelmed and stressed? Do you feel like you’re worrying non-stop and can’t stop the worry? It often feels like being stuck in a vicious cycle where you’ve tried so many fixes without seeing results. Maybe you have found that trying to avoid, fix your thoughts and push through has made things worse. Anxiety stems from a multitude of factors including the body being stuck in fight or flight mode, the mind inadvertently trained to get caught up in thoughts, and core beliefs that were formed during previous experiences that perpetuate the anxiety
Have you been struggling with anxiety, perfectionism, intrusive thoughts or feeling overwhelmed and stressed? Do you feel like you’re worrying non-stop and can’t stop the worry? It often feels like being stuck in a vicious cycle where you’ve tried so many fixes without seeing results. Maybe you have found that trying to avoid, fix your thoughts and push through has made things worse. Anxiety stems from a multitude of factors including the body being stuck in fight or flight mode, the mind inadvertently trained to get caught up in thoughts, and core beliefs that were formed during previous experiences that perpetuate the anxiety
(480) 725-5960 View (480) 725-5960
Photo of Kori Stecker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Kori Stecker
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
Not accepting new clients
It can be overwhelming and even downright disappointing when life isn’t going quite as you expected or planned. You find yourself stuck and maybe lost, wondering how you got here. This life isn’t the life you imagined. Perfectionism, motherhood, low self-esteem, significant loss, death of a loved one, or other life challenges have thrown you for a loop and left you in a place of great discomfort. This current path is upsetting, and you feel more stressed, frustrated, and tearful than you’d like to be. You know things can be better, and you’re ready to get some help to bring back the peace and happiness you long for.
It can be overwhelming and even downright disappointing when life isn’t going quite as you expected or planned. You find yourself stuck and maybe lost, wondering how you got here. This life isn’t the life you imagined. Perfectionism, motherhood, low self-esteem, significant loss, death of a loved one, or other life challenges have thrown you for a loop and left you in a place of great discomfort. This current path is upsetting, and you feel more stressed, frustrated, and tearful than you’d like to be. You know things can be better, and you’re ready to get some help to bring back the peace and happiness you long for.
(480) 712-7525 View (480) 712-7525
Photo of Dr. Lindsay Okonowsky, Psychologist in Scottsdale, AZ
Dr. Lindsay Okonowsky
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85266  (Online Only)
My priority is fostering a confidential and caring working relationship through which you can explore both areas of growth and strength. My training and experience in multiple unique settings with a diverse client base has helped me to develop a strong belief in individuals’ power to bring sustainable change to their lives. I acknowledge the difficulty involved in taking the first steps toward initiating psychotherapy. Please reach out for individual or couple’s therapy consultation if you have general questions or would like to determine whether I would be a good fit to address your needs.
My priority is fostering a confidential and caring working relationship through which you can explore both areas of growth and strength. My training and experience in multiple unique settings with a diverse client base has helped me to develop a strong belief in individuals’ power to bring sustainable change to their lives. I acknowledge the difficulty involved in taking the first steps toward initiating psychotherapy. Please reach out for individual or couple’s therapy consultation if you have general questions or would like to determine whether I would be a good fit to address your needs.
(214) 919-3516 View (214) 919-3516
Photo of David Kairis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
David Kairis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
I use both a holistic and integrative approach that is general in practice yet customized to individuals. I work with individuals of all ages and utilize curiosity, compassion, and humor to provide a safe, nurturing space to foster healing, meaning making, and well-being.
I use both a holistic and integrative approach that is general in practice yet customized to individuals. I work with individuals of all ages and utilize curiosity, compassion, and humor to provide a safe, nurturing space to foster healing, meaning making, and well-being.
(480) 994-9773 View (480) 994-9773
Photo of Perry Emerick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Perry Emerick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LAC, MA, ORDM
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85257
My desire is to help people overcome their challenges through a uniquely Christian, root based, trauma informed approach. As an ordained minister in the Christian Church and a trained EMDR therapist, my desire is to combine those two disciplines to help clients achieve freedom and healing from the difficult issues they experience in their lives.
My desire is to help people overcome their challenges through a uniquely Christian, root based, trauma informed approach. As an ordained minister in the Christian Church and a trained EMDR therapist, my desire is to combine those two disciplines to help clients achieve freedom and healing from the difficult issues they experience in their lives.
(602) 833-5862 View (602) 833-5862
Photo of Cordell Pearson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Cordell Pearson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Yearning for relief? Here you are looking for help, you want a change, you don’t want to feel like this anymore, and yet starting this journey is difficult. I do what I do because people are resilient, and changes can be made- relief can happen. I provide a caring, non-judgmental, and empathetic space for people to heal. My expertise lies in trauma, and I am well-versed in EMDR—a remarkable therapy that extends its benefits beyond trauma. If you're feeling trapped, allow me to be your guide. Together, we can pave the way to a life of relief and restoration.
Yearning for relief? Here you are looking for help, you want a change, you don’t want to feel like this anymore, and yet starting this journey is difficult. I do what I do because people are resilient, and changes can be made- relief can happen. I provide a caring, non-judgmental, and empathetic space for people to heal. My expertise lies in trauma, and I am well-versed in EMDR—a remarkable therapy that extends its benefits beyond trauma. If you're feeling trapped, allow me to be your guide. Together, we can pave the way to a life of relief and restoration.
(480) 256-9799 View (480) 256-9799
Photo of The Healing Quest Clinical Counseling Hypnotherapy, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
The Healing Quest Clinical Counseling Hypnotherapy
Counselor, CCHt, REV, DDIV
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
The Healing Quest specializes in the Relief & Remission of Anxiety/Panic Attacks from session 1. THQ ideal client has experienced the gamut of the traditional medical/mental health approach of managing anxiety/panic attacks, often through medications, and is now ready to eradicate once and for all the debilitating, life robbing attacks. THQ has created a unique and effective protocol utilizing hypnotherapy and cognitive behavioral training which allows you to end anxiety/panic attacks in 3-7 sessions. After first session you will not experience a full blown panic attack, for the majority they are alleviated.
The Healing Quest specializes in the Relief & Remission of Anxiety/Panic Attacks from session 1. THQ ideal client has experienced the gamut of the traditional medical/mental health approach of managing anxiety/panic attacks, often through medications, and is now ready to eradicate once and for all the debilitating, life robbing attacks. THQ has created a unique and effective protocol utilizing hypnotherapy and cognitive behavioral training which allows you to end anxiety/panic attacks in 3-7 sessions. After first session you will not experience a full blown panic attack, for the majority they are alleviated.
(480) 725-5850 View (480) 725-5850
Photo of R. Sean Rollinson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
R. Sean Rollinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and owner of Enso Counseling, LLC. Enso Counseling is a counseling practice that focuses on helping clients overcome the multitude of obstacles associated with relationships and interpersonal communication, while addressing issues of anxiety, depression, addiction, codependency, and childhood relational trauma. I have built my practice working with individuals, couples, and families.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and owner of Enso Counseling, LLC. Enso Counseling is a counseling practice that focuses on helping clients overcome the multitude of obstacles associated with relationships and interpersonal communication, while addressing issues of anxiety, depression, addiction, codependency, and childhood relational trauma. I have built my practice working with individuals, couples, and families.
(602) 714-8684 View (602) 714-8684
Photo of Kailey Wilde, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Kailey Wilde
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
I am so happy you are here! I work with clients from ages 16+ struggling with anxiety, OCD, depression, interpersonal difficulties, self-esteem issues, and trauma. I take a highly collaborative approach to ensure we create a treatment plan that will work for you. I want to ensure that you feel supported throughout this process!
I am so happy you are here! I work with clients from ages 16+ struggling with anxiety, OCD, depression, interpersonal difficulties, self-esteem issues, and trauma. I take a highly collaborative approach to ensure we create a treatment plan that will work for you. I want to ensure that you feel supported throughout this process!
(623) 624-8781 View (623) 624-8781
Photo of Jaena Abarzua, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Jaena Abarzua
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251  (Online Only)
Are you feeling anxious, stressed, or stuck? Do you constantly feel like you just "aren't good enough"? You are not alone. Living in an age of instant information, external validation and constant pressure to succeed can feel overwhelming. You are in the right place. We understand that you need a safe space to identify what the roadblocks are that are holding you back so that you can start to work through them and heal. We are ready to meet you where you are with compassion and understanding. It shouldn't be so hard to feel comfortable in your own mind and body. We are here to help.
Are you feeling anxious, stressed, or stuck? Do you constantly feel like you just "aren't good enough"? You are not alone. Living in an age of instant information, external validation and constant pressure to succeed can feel overwhelming. You are in the right place. We understand that you need a safe space to identify what the roadblocks are that are holding you back so that you can start to work through them and heal. We are ready to meet you where you are with compassion and understanding. It shouldn't be so hard to feel comfortable in your own mind and body. We are here to help.
(480) 470-9187 View (480) 470-9187
Photo of Jodi Peary in Scottsdale, AZ
Jodi Peary
PhD, JD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
I will help you heal, create change and gain awareness on multiple levels, including body, mind, & spirit. One specialty arises from my formerly being a family lawyer. From the intersection of law & psychology, we assess the legal, emotional, spiritual, & financial aspects of conflict during/after marriage to chart a path toward the good life you deserve whether by strengthening marriage, proceeding to divorce, or post-divorce, I will be by your side. I am also a certified transpersonal clinical hypnotherapist. My client centered approach supports bridging body, mind, and spirit to achieve life changing and enhancing results.
I will help you heal, create change and gain awareness on multiple levels, including body, mind, & spirit. One specialty arises from my formerly being a family lawyer. From the intersection of law & psychology, we assess the legal, emotional, spiritual, & financial aspects of conflict during/after marriage to chart a path toward the good life you deserve whether by strengthening marriage, proceeding to divorce, or post-divorce, I will be by your side. I am also a certified transpersonal clinical hypnotherapist. My client centered approach supports bridging body, mind, and spirit to achieve life changing and enhancing results.
(602) 461-8578 View (602) 461-8578
Photo of Liz Lopez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Liz Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254  (Online Only)
Are you facing any challenges with trauma, grief, or navigating life's unexpected transitions? It's okay to ask for help! As a compassionate and experienced therapist, I specialize in supporting individuals like you through these difficult times. With a deep understanding of the complexities of trauma, loss, and life changes, I provide a safe and nurturing space where you can explore your feelings, heal from past wounds, and discover the strengths within you to embrace a brighter future.
Are you facing any challenges with trauma, grief, or navigating life's unexpected transitions? It's okay to ask for help! As a compassionate and experienced therapist, I specialize in supporting individuals like you through these difficult times. With a deep understanding of the complexities of trauma, loss, and life changes, I provide a safe and nurturing space where you can explore your feelings, heal from past wounds, and discover the strengths within you to embrace a brighter future.
(623) 294-6962 View (623) 294-6962

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
64% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scottsdale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.