Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

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Photo of Kristin Nelson, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Kristin Nelson
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
My clinical interests include depression, anxiety, ADHD, adjustment problems, OCD, trauma, attachment, and parenting concerns to name a few. I work with ages three and up and particularly enjoy helping families and parents learn and practice healthier communication styles and conflict resolution. I am passionate about providing evidence-based (proven effective by research) treatments while meeting clients where they are at and helping them get to where they would like to be in life. I bring humor and warmth to sessions with a direct, active, and collaborative style. I emphasize validation and create a non-judgmental atmosphere.
My clinical interests include depression, anxiety, ADHD, adjustment problems, OCD, trauma, attachment, and parenting concerns to name a few. I work with ages three and up and particularly enjoy helping families and parents learn and practice healthier communication styles and conflict resolution. I am passionate about providing evidence-based (proven effective by research) treatments while meeting clients where they are at and helping them get to where they would like to be in life. I bring humor and warmth to sessions with a direct, active, and collaborative style. I emphasize validation and create a non-judgmental atmosphere.
(651) 240-2770 View (651) 240-2770
Photo of Serenity Silvers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Serenity Silvers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MPS, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55105  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy working with people of all ages and backgrounds and have experience working with individuals, couples, and groups in treatment centers and outpatient clinics. I collaborate with my clients, providing person-centered, evidence-based treatment for mental health and substance use disorders. Often, life experiences lead us to believe that we are incapable, flawed, or unworthy. While you cannot change what has happened in the past, you can create new meaning from your experiences. You can direct your path forward, utilizing your strengths, embracing who you want to be, and living a fulfilling life that reflects your values.
I enjoy working with people of all ages and backgrounds and have experience working with individuals, couples, and groups in treatment centers and outpatient clinics. I collaborate with my clients, providing person-centered, evidence-based treatment for mental health and substance use disorders. Often, life experiences lead us to believe that we are incapable, flawed, or unworthy. While you cannot change what has happened in the past, you can create new meaning from your experiences. You can direct your path forward, utilizing your strengths, embracing who you want to be, and living a fulfilling life that reflects your values.
(651) 318-4621 View (651) 318-4621
Photo of Annika Larson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Annika Larson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Current Openings. I provide a place of welcome, free from judgment, so clients are safe to explore deep feelings and desires for change and healing. I help clients clarify their values and remember/discover what they hold most dear in life so they can experience whole-hearted living. I support clients as they build their sense of self and learn to use their voice to speak their truth. My clients may be working through the repair of a significant relationship or grieving the loss of one. They may be feeling the weight of depression, anxiety, or be seeking a deeper understanding of themselves. I am here to support this work.
Current Openings. I provide a place of welcome, free from judgment, so clients are safe to explore deep feelings and desires for change and healing. I help clients clarify their values and remember/discover what they hold most dear in life so they can experience whole-hearted living. I support clients as they build their sense of self and learn to use their voice to speak their truth. My clients may be working through the repair of a significant relationship or grieving the loss of one. They may be feeling the weight of depression, anxiety, or be seeking a deeper understanding of themselves. I am here to support this work.
(651) 237-8279 View (651) 237-8279
Photo of Sharon J. Barnett Mitchell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Sharon J. Barnett Mitchell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
I provide respectful, collaborative psychotherapy for adults, older teens, families, and couples. Taking a holistic and mindful approach, I can help with an array of relational and emotional concerns including life transitions; identity issues; grief and loss; sexuality and intimacy; family conflict and parenI take a client-centered, intersectional, harm-reduction and trauma-informed stance which means I provide a space where differences are honored, power is named, and the complexities of your experiences and identities are held.
I provide respectful, collaborative psychotherapy for adults, older teens, families, and couples. Taking a holistic and mindful approach, I can help with an array of relational and emotional concerns including life transitions; identity issues; grief and loss; sexuality and intimacy; family conflict and parenI take a client-centered, intersectional, harm-reduction and trauma-informed stance which means I provide a space where differences are honored, power is named, and the complexities of your experiences and identities are held.
(612) 806-0264 View (612) 806-0264
Photo of Richard B Burns, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Richard B Burns
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55126
Client needs, preferences, and strengths form the basis of my work. The emphasis is on collaboration. I draw from several therapeutic traditions, including family systems, CBT, solution-focused, family systems, insight-based therapies, as well as EMDR and other strategies for working through trauma. By identifying strengths and hopes, we together to define goals and a plan to reach them. We work on effective communication, building connections and problem-solving to help lead you the life you want.
Client needs, preferences, and strengths form the basis of my work. The emphasis is on collaboration. I draw from several therapeutic traditions, including family systems, CBT, solution-focused, family systems, insight-based therapies, as well as EMDR and other strategies for working through trauma. By identifying strengths and hopes, we together to define goals and a plan to reach them. We work on effective communication, building connections and problem-solving to help lead you the life you want.
(651) 401-7416 View (651) 401-7416
Photo of Jessica Pederson Willman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Jessica Pederson Willman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I approach therapy sessions with empathy and curiosity, inviting clients into a collaborative space to slow down, question, and reflect. People feel stuck in difficult patterns, struggle to engage, and criticize themselves for their inability to manage daily stressors and triggers. Central to my therapy practice is creation of a safe environment to process and explore, reconnecting to parts of ourselves we have lost connection with. I have a lasting commitment to training and treatment on trauma, both PTSD and Complex-PTSD (developmental, attachment, relational trauma). My website is www.honeyruncounseling.com for more information.
I approach therapy sessions with empathy and curiosity, inviting clients into a collaborative space to slow down, question, and reflect. People feel stuck in difficult patterns, struggle to engage, and criticize themselves for their inability to manage daily stressors and triggers. Central to my therapy practice is creation of a safe environment to process and explore, reconnecting to parts of ourselves we have lost connection with. I have a lasting commitment to training and treatment on trauma, both PTSD and Complex-PTSD (developmental, attachment, relational trauma). My website is www.honeyruncounseling.com for more information.
(612) 482-0937 View (612) 482-0937
Photo of Kathleen Hove, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Kathleen Hove
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55116  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Therapy provides the powerful opportunity to connect with another person who knows what it's like to experience suffering but who also knows the way through it. It’s easy to feel alone during the painful parts of life such as when others hurt us, we let ourselves down, or plans don’t play out the way we hoped, but the reality is that all of us can relate to these moments because they are part of the human experience. As a fellow human, I can empathize with your suffering. As a therapist, I can help alleviate it with evidence-based treatments tailored to you.
Therapy provides the powerful opportunity to connect with another person who knows what it's like to experience suffering but who also knows the way through it. It’s easy to feel alone during the painful parts of life such as when others hurt us, we let ourselves down, or plans don’t play out the way we hoped, but the reality is that all of us can relate to these moments because they are part of the human experience. As a fellow human, I can empathize with your suffering. As a therapist, I can help alleviate it with evidence-based treatments tailored to you.
(651) 404-2104 View (651) 404-2104
Photo of Jodi Leirness, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Jodi Leirness
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
Welcome to my practice. I am currently accepting new clients. My name is Dr. Jodi Leirness (she/her) and I am a licensed psychologist in the state of Minnesota. My true passion is providing therapy services and walking alongside my clients as they search for and discover growth and healing in their lives. While life can bring joy, it can also brings stress, anxiety, depression, grief, pain and suffering. My goal is to create a safe and healing space where you can speak your truth alongside someone who truly cares about you, your wellness, your wholeness, and your authentic happiness.
Welcome to my practice. I am currently accepting new clients. My name is Dr. Jodi Leirness (she/her) and I am a licensed psychologist in the state of Minnesota. My true passion is providing therapy services and walking alongside my clients as they search for and discover growth and healing in their lives. While life can bring joy, it can also brings stress, anxiety, depression, grief, pain and suffering. My goal is to create a safe and healing space where you can speak your truth alongside someone who truly cares about you, your wellness, your wholeness, and your authentic happiness.
(651) 478-2321 View (651) 478-2321
Photo of Sacred Spaces Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Sacred Spaces Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Not accepting new clients
Congratulations on taking that first step in seeking a qualified therapist! I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who works with individuals, families, and couples. As your therapist, I will offer you a safe space to express yourself and be heard- judgment-free. I use a collaborative approach in working with my clients because your voice matters. Let me help guide and coach you through the challenges you struggle with.
Congratulations on taking that first step in seeking a qualified therapist! I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who works with individuals, families, and couples. As your therapist, I will offer you a safe space to express yourself and be heard- judgment-free. I use a collaborative approach in working with my clients because your voice matters. Let me help guide and coach you through the challenges you struggle with.
(651) 349-6803 View (651) 349-6803
Photo of Rebecca A Stewart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Rebecca A Stewart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116
Not accepting new clients
Welcome. The desire to feel seen, heard, and understood is a universal and essential part of human wellness. In my work as a psychotherapist I try to help people understand, both emotionally and intellectually, the deeper roots of their difficulties and reignite their own natural gifts for growth, and resilience. I understand that coming to therapy can be difficult, and I strive to provide a warm, compassionate, and empathetic space for our work together. I am relational in my approach; this means I believe that how well I listen and connect with you matters.
Welcome. The desire to feel seen, heard, and understood is a universal and essential part of human wellness. In my work as a psychotherapist I try to help people understand, both emotionally and intellectually, the deeper roots of their difficulties and reignite their own natural gifts for growth, and resilience. I understand that coming to therapy can be difficult, and I strive to provide a warm, compassionate, and empathetic space for our work together. I am relational in my approach; this means I believe that how well I listen and connect with you matters.
(612) 260-9980 View (612) 260-9980
Photo of Erin A Metz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Erin A Metz
Marriage & Family Therapist, DMFT, LMFT, LADC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
We all face changes, challenges and difficult situations in life, some we see coming, others are totally unexpected. Sometimes we handle them just fine and others, leave us feeling stuck, alone, and wondering if things will ever get better, if we will ever feel better.
We all face changes, challenges and difficult situations in life, some we see coming, others are totally unexpected. Sometimes we handle them just fine and others, leave us feeling stuck, alone, and wondering if things will ever get better, if we will ever feel better.
(612) 662-0556 View (612) 662-0556
Photo of Joshua Powell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Joshua Powell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
I know it can be hard to reach out for help, especially when you're reaching out to a stranger. I really hope that you take this important step. You deserve to feel better. I promise to listen to what's bothering you, what's important to you, and to help you be the best you. I'm not here to judge or make you into someone you don't want to be.
I know it can be hard to reach out for help, especially when you're reaching out to a stranger. I really hope that you take this important step. You deserve to feel better. I promise to listen to what's bothering you, what's important to you, and to help you be the best you. I'm not here to judge or make you into someone you don't want to be.
(651) 410-1732 View (651) 410-1732
Photo of Brandy Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Brandy Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
How do you want to feel? How do you get there? Whether you're hoping to minimize anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, desire to explore and improve your past or current relationship patterns, need assistance navigating a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder during or after pregnancy, I offer you support, help and guidance in going from where you are to how you want to feel. I am a LBGTQ affirmative and supportive to all. Please note I offer virtual appointments only.
How do you want to feel? How do you get there? Whether you're hoping to minimize anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, desire to explore and improve your past or current relationship patterns, need assistance navigating a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder during or after pregnancy, I offer you support, help and guidance in going from where you are to how you want to feel. I am a LBGTQ affirmative and supportive to all. Please note I offer virtual appointments only.
(320) 347-3435 View (320) 347-3435
Photo of Ashley Schultz Henricksen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Ashley Schultz Henricksen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Is your inner critic the loudest voice in your head? Are you feeling overwhelmed by your emotions or stuck? Being human can be incredibly difficult. It can also be incredibly beautiful. Do you find yourself losing sight of the beautiful parts? I work with clients experiencing depression, anxiety, and difficulty with their self-esteem to overcome these experiences and build a life that is more satisfying and in line with their values.
Is your inner critic the loudest voice in your head? Are you feeling overwhelmed by your emotions or stuck? Being human can be incredibly difficult. It can also be incredibly beautiful. Do you find yourself losing sight of the beautiful parts? I work with clients experiencing depression, anxiety, and difficulty with their self-esteem to overcome these experiences and build a life that is more satisfying and in line with their values.
(952) 592-0705 View (952) 592-0705
Photo of Nicole Teresa Ciavarella, LPC Intern in Saint Paul, MN
Nicole Teresa Ciavarella
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55110
As a dedicated mental health practitioner, my foundation as a therapist is rooted in a relational perspective. My guiding principle is to empower clients to identify their needs and equip them with practical strategies to fulfill those needs effectively. My passion lies in fostering a space where clients can openly acknowledge their emotions, supporting them on a journey toward self-discovery and authenticity. My clients encompass individuals seeking personal growth, teenagers navigating the complexities of adolescence, and couples striving for healthier relationships. It is my privilege to be part of their journeys.
As a dedicated mental health practitioner, my foundation as a therapist is rooted in a relational perspective. My guiding principle is to empower clients to identify their needs and equip them with practical strategies to fulfill those needs effectively. My passion lies in fostering a space where clients can openly acknowledge their emotions, supporting them on a journey toward self-discovery and authenticity. My clients encompass individuals seeking personal growth, teenagers navigating the complexities of adolescence, and couples striving for healthier relationships. It is my privilege to be part of their journeys.
(651) 615-6522 View (651) 615-6522
Photo of Morgan Phillips, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Morgan Phillips
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LADC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55105
Thanks for visiting my profile. Are you struggling to feel connected to yourself and those around you? Feeling depressed, anxious, or lost? I would love to hold space with you while you explore the inner workings of all things related to you. I believe that as human beings, everything we do is relational, therefore, I believe therapy offers the opportunity to heal with another person being present. I have been working as a clinical social worker for the past 12 years. I currently offer telehealth services in Minnesota and Wisconsin to individuals 18 and older.
Thanks for visiting my profile. Are you struggling to feel connected to yourself and those around you? Feeling depressed, anxious, or lost? I would love to hold space with you while you explore the inner workings of all things related to you. I believe that as human beings, everything we do is relational, therefore, I believe therapy offers the opportunity to heal with another person being present. I have been working as a clinical social worker for the past 12 years. I currently offer telehealth services in Minnesota and Wisconsin to individuals 18 and older.
(651) 565-6625 View (651) 565-6625
Photo of Kathrine l Brathen, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Kathrine l Brathen
Psychologist, MA, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
The folks I work with are often seeking to change their relationships, especially the relationship they have with themselves. They may be repeating ineffective patterns of thought or behaviors that interfere with reaching their goals for life, experiencing outsized shame that is causing isolation, or overwhelming emotions in response to life stressors. In the nearly two decades I’ve worked as a therapist I have had the honor to get to know and support incredible people make wanted change.
The folks I work with are often seeking to change their relationships, especially the relationship they have with themselves. They may be repeating ineffective patterns of thought or behaviors that interfere with reaching their goals for life, experiencing outsized shame that is causing isolation, or overwhelming emotions in response to life stressors. In the nearly two decades I’ve worked as a therapist I have had the honor to get to know and support incredible people make wanted change.
(651) 400-2876 View (651) 400-2876
Photo of Kau Queeglay, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Kau Queeglay
Counselor, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55101
Not accepting new clients
Not Accepting New Clients Having worked with people from various cultures and all walks of life, I have come to realize one commonality which is the fact that we all experience challenges. These challenges show up at work, with family, and even just within ourselves and it can be hard to face them. In collaborating with others to address mental health, chemical dependency struggles, and even relational difficulties, I have met and sat with many people in need of coping tools.
Not Accepting New Clients Having worked with people from various cultures and all walks of life, I have come to realize one commonality which is the fact that we all experience challenges. These challenges show up at work, with family, and even just within ourselves and it can be hard to face them. In collaborating with others to address mental health, chemical dependency struggles, and even relational difficulties, I have met and sat with many people in need of coping tools.
(612) 268-6228 View (612) 268-6228
Photo of Alaina Larson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Alaina Larson
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
My goal is to create a space for us to work in therapy that nurtures vulnerability, curiosity, and compassion. I believe meaningful relationships are what helps us heal, so I focus on helping you develop more secure patterns of relating - to yourself and to your loved ones - so you can experience deeper connection and understanding.
My goal is to create a space for us to work in therapy that nurtures vulnerability, curiosity, and compassion. I believe meaningful relationships are what helps us heal, so I focus on helping you develop more secure patterns of relating - to yourself and to your loved ones - so you can experience deeper connection and understanding.
(651) 505-4430 View (651) 505-4430
Photo of Mai Bao Xiong, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Mai Bao Xiong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
**I am not accepting new clients at this time** Are you overwhelmed with navigating pressures from family, culture and society? Is it hard to find someone who can understand the intersections of your identity and life experiences? My BIPOC clients often tell me about the emotional fatigue of having to explain their stories to mainstream providers. This takes the focus away from healing. They want strategies that honor their deep narratives and tools that respect their heritage and cultural wisdom. If you see yourself in any of these struggles, I invite you to schedule a free consultation with me to reclaim your story.
**I am not accepting new clients at this time** Are you overwhelmed with navigating pressures from family, culture and society? Is it hard to find someone who can understand the intersections of your identity and life experiences? My BIPOC clients often tell me about the emotional fatigue of having to explain their stories to mainstream providers. This takes the focus away from healing. They want strategies that honor their deep narratives and tools that respect their heritage and cultural wisdom. If you see yourself in any of these struggles, I invite you to schedule a free consultation with me to reclaim your story.
(651) 419-4841 View (651) 419-4841

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% UCare
68% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Saint Paul, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Paul?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.