Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

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Photo of Empowered Journeys Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Empowered Journeys Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46225  (Online Only)
I am comfortable and experienced with treating mood and anxiety disorders, trauma- and stress-related disorders, and familial and relational issues. I have worked often with adolescents and young adults and am also comfortable with kids age 8 and above and adults throughout various stages of life.
I am comfortable and experienced with treating mood and anxiety disorders, trauma- and stress-related disorders, and familial and relational issues. I have worked often with adolescents and young adults and am also comfortable with kids age 8 and above and adults throughout various stages of life.
(463) 218-6634 View (463) 218-6634
Photo of Elevate Therapy & Consulting: Ashley Fields LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Elevate Therapy & Consulting: Ashley Fields LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46205  (Online Only)
Pregnancy and postpartum is hard…and balancing a life outside of parenthood brought unexpected challenges, changing your world in profound ways. Maybe the joy of expecting or the arrival of a new baby, has left you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, and uncertain. These transitions can be as disorienting as they are beautiful, touching deep emotions, possibly reawakening past traumas or intensifying fears about the future. You're navigating a complex mix of emotions—joy, fear, anticipation, anxiety and grief. You need someone who can guide you through this new era. You're seeking a path to feel balanced, connected, and whole again.
Pregnancy and postpartum is hard…and balancing a life outside of parenthood brought unexpected challenges, changing your world in profound ways. Maybe the joy of expecting or the arrival of a new baby, has left you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, and uncertain. These transitions can be as disorienting as they are beautiful, touching deep emotions, possibly reawakening past traumas or intensifying fears about the future. You're navigating a complex mix of emotions—joy, fear, anticipation, anxiety and grief. You need someone who can guide you through this new era. You're seeking a path to feel balanced, connected, and whole again.
(317) 620-8648 View (317) 620-8648
Photo of Nicole Nethery, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Nicole Nethery
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46204  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Nicole! Are you feeling empty from a loss? Thinking that you'll never move past this time in your life? I want to help you feel whole again after the loss of a loved one, career, or relationship. I will teach you how to acknowledge triggers and how to cope successfully when they arise.
Hi, I'm Nicole! Are you feeling empty from a loss? Thinking that you'll never move past this time in your life? I want to help you feel whole again after the loss of a loved one, career, or relationship. I will teach you how to acknowledge triggers and how to cope successfully when they arise.
(317) 932-8206 View (317) 932-8206
Photo of Dani Barwise - Wise Guidance, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Dani Barwise - Wise Guidance
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46203  (Online Only)
Accepting NEW Clients! I’m glad you are here! Beginning therapy can feel scary and intimidating, but I promise it is worth it. I create a warm, safe, inclusive space where you will be met with compassion, grace, and humor. I will walk alongside you while we explore the things holding you back from living as your most true, authentic- self. I believe in teaching my clients how to treat themselves with love and compassion. I am passionate about helping others and find it a true honor and privilege to be able to walk alongside my clients as they discover their own authentic selves.
Accepting NEW Clients! I’m glad you are here! Beginning therapy can feel scary and intimidating, but I promise it is worth it. I create a warm, safe, inclusive space where you will be met with compassion, grace, and humor. I will walk alongside you while we explore the things holding you back from living as your most true, authentic- self. I believe in teaching my clients how to treat themselves with love and compassion. I am passionate about helping others and find it a true honor and privilege to be able to walk alongside my clients as they discover their own authentic selves.
(317) 659-6895 View (317) 659-6895
Photo of Megan Carrie-Connor Knueve, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Megan Carrie-Connor Knueve
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46268  (Online Only)
I want to start out by saying that I'm looking forward to meeting you and working on the issues and goals that brought you into my office. I am extremely passionate about what I do and love my job! It is my belief that everyone has significant strengths and abilities to heal and get to the place in life where they want to be, but sometimes you just need a little bit of help. I use a strengths-based approach and also help clients look into where their issues are coming from instead of just trying to put a Band-Aid on the problem.
I want to start out by saying that I'm looking forward to meeting you and working on the issues and goals that brought you into my office. I am extremely passionate about what I do and love my job! It is my belief that everyone has significant strengths and abilities to heal and get to the place in life where they want to be, but sometimes you just need a little bit of help. I use a strengths-based approach and also help clients look into where their issues are coming from instead of just trying to put a Band-Aid on the problem.
(317) 653-3202 View (317) 653-3202
Photo of Dr. Susan Birndorf, Psychologist in Indianapolis, IN
Dr. Susan Birndorf
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46208  (Online Only)
Choosing to see a therapist is not always an easy decision. It is often hard to imagine sharing difficult, painful or shameful feelings with a stranger. Choosing to see a therapist is also a brave decision, filled with possibility. As an experienced clinical psychologist, licensed in Michigan and Indiana, I believe that therapy is most effective when it is a collaborative effort, in which client and therapist work together to know and understand the strengths and challenges that confront the client every day. Therapy is the work of knowing oneself and then setting out to manage these discoveries effectively.
Choosing to see a therapist is not always an easy decision. It is often hard to imagine sharing difficult, painful or shameful feelings with a stranger. Choosing to see a therapist is also a brave decision, filled with possibility. As an experienced clinical psychologist, licensed in Michigan and Indiana, I believe that therapy is most effective when it is a collaborative effort, in which client and therapist work together to know and understand the strengths and challenges that confront the client every day. Therapy is the work of knowing oneself and then setting out to manage these discoveries effectively.
(248) 227-2117 View (248) 227-2117
Photo of Dr. Jeff J. Rocker, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Dr. Jeff J. Rocker
Counselor, PhD, NCC, LMHC, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46204
With 12 years of experience working with clients going through individual, relationship, and family issues, Celebrity Therapist Dr. Jeff Rocker has provided therapeutic services to clients nationwide. He is Licensed in 14 states and has served clients from all age groups. Over the years, Dr. Jeff has organized lectures and various events in the community, including excursions and retreats for couples to improve their communication and better understand each other. He has experience working with athletes in the NFL, NBA, and MLB. In addition, Dr. Jeff has also worked with clients in the Movie, Music, and Entertainment Industries.
With 12 years of experience working with clients going through individual, relationship, and family issues, Celebrity Therapist Dr. Jeff Rocker has provided therapeutic services to clients nationwide. He is Licensed in 14 states and has served clients from all age groups. Over the years, Dr. Jeff has organized lectures and various events in the community, including excursions and retreats for couples to improve their communication and better understand each other. He has experience working with athletes in the NFL, NBA, and MLB. In addition, Dr. Jeff has also worked with clients in the Movie, Music, and Entertainment Industries.
(317) 671-8713 View (317) 671-8713
Photo of Jovan C Williams, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Jovan C Williams
Counselor, LMHC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Currently accepting clients in NC and Indiana. Whether you are facing challenges with depression or anxiety, recovering from a loss, making a new transition, facing challenges in your relationships or having difficulty creating healthy boundaries, Becoming.Growing.Learning. LLC is here to assist. As a client you will work in collaboration with Jovan to meet your goals and needs. My personal philosophy encourages openness, honesty, accountability and relationship in order to provide a safe place for growth and learning in order to assist you in becoming who and what you want to be. Why simply survive when you can thrive?
Currently accepting clients in NC and Indiana. Whether you are facing challenges with depression or anxiety, recovering from a loss, making a new transition, facing challenges in your relationships or having difficulty creating healthy boundaries, Becoming.Growing.Learning. LLC is here to assist. As a client you will work in collaboration with Jovan to meet your goals and needs. My personal philosophy encourages openness, honesty, accountability and relationship in order to provide a safe place for growth and learning in order to assist you in becoming who and what you want to be. Why simply survive when you can thrive?
(765) 251-8286 View (765) 251-8286
Photo of Erin Dickerson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Erin Dickerson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAC, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46236
(PLEASE NOTE: I have a long and slow-moving wait list) Hello! I have enjoyed working as a licensed clinical social worker and clinical addictions counselor for over 20 years. I have a wide range of skills that include, but are not limited to, improving coping skills, stress management, relationship enhancement and managing moods. In addition to these interests, my passion includes working with children, adolescents and their families. I use play and sand tray therapy to compliment the therapy process, allowing children to express themselves, while including the caregivers and siblings, to help the entire family reach their goals.
(PLEASE NOTE: I have a long and slow-moving wait list) Hello! I have enjoyed working as a licensed clinical social worker and clinical addictions counselor for over 20 years. I have a wide range of skills that include, but are not limited to, improving coping skills, stress management, relationship enhancement and managing moods. In addition to these interests, my passion includes working with children, adolescents and their families. I use play and sand tray therapy to compliment the therapy process, allowing children to express themselves, while including the caregivers and siblings, to help the entire family reach their goals.
(317) 661-2935 View (317) 661-2935
Photo of Cardinal Counseling Services, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Cardinal Counseling Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC, LLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46216
I enjoy working with anyone age 13 or older with struggles in the area of self-esteem, setting healthy boundaries with others, learning how to be self-respectful in words, thoughts & feelings, stress & managing anxiety as well as anyone who is healing from loss of either a loved one or pet(s). I also enjoy helping people during seasons of transition whether in young adulthood to increase independence or later years to adjust to decrease in independence resulting from illness, injury or the aging process. I especially enjoy working to provide faith-based struggles.
I enjoy working with anyone age 13 or older with struggles in the area of self-esteem, setting healthy boundaries with others, learning how to be self-respectful in words, thoughts & feelings, stress & managing anxiety as well as anyone who is healing from loss of either a loved one or pet(s). I also enjoy helping people during seasons of transition whether in young adulthood to increase independence or later years to adjust to decrease in independence resulting from illness, injury or the aging process. I especially enjoy working to provide faith-based struggles.
(317) 961-2738 View (317) 961-2738
Photo of Sarah Swygart, Marriage & Family Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Sarah Swygart
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46256  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck in life, overwhelmed by constant anxiety, trapped in the draining cycle of people-pleasing, or perhaps experiencing pain in a relationship, leaving you feeling alone? Maybe you are grieving or have recently gone through a difficult divorce or life-transition and don’t know what to do from here. I don’t want you to carry these burdens alone.
Are you feeling stuck in life, overwhelmed by constant anxiety, trapped in the draining cycle of people-pleasing, or perhaps experiencing pain in a relationship, leaving you feeling alone? Maybe you are grieving or have recently gone through a difficult divorce or life-transition and don’t know what to do from here. I don’t want you to carry these burdens alone.
(317) 483-0496 View (317) 483-0496
Photo of Adam Goff, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Adam Goff
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46202  (Online Only)
I specialize in the use of Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) therapy for the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). ERP is considered the gold standard treatment for OCD. All of my sessions are virtual.
I specialize in the use of Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) therapy for the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). ERP is considered the gold standard treatment for OCD. All of my sessions are virtual.
(317) 695-7995 View (317) 695-7995
Photo of Amber Trejo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Amber Trejo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CCTP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46220
Have you experienced childhood trauma that is currently impacting the way you show up in your relationships or as a parent/significant other? Do you find yourself trapped in negative patterns or communication cycles that push you further away from the authentic connection you so deeply desire? Do you want to learn how to heal from the trauma you've experienced and not pass it on? I believe with a deep knowing that we can heal from the wounds of our past and even develop authentic genuine attachments. I lean on the transformational power of relationship and a mind/body approach to help you heal and find joy again.
Have you experienced childhood trauma that is currently impacting the way you show up in your relationships or as a parent/significant other? Do you find yourself trapped in negative patterns or communication cycles that push you further away from the authentic connection you so deeply desire? Do you want to learn how to heal from the trauma you've experienced and not pass it on? I believe with a deep knowing that we can heal from the wounds of our past and even develop authentic genuine attachments. I lean on the transformational power of relationship and a mind/body approach to help you heal and find joy again.
(463) 217-0927 View (463) 217-0927
Photo of Erin Weaver, Psychologist in Indianapolis, IN
Erin Weaver
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
Regardless of what brings you in to therapy, I provide a safe, accepting space to promote healing and personal growth. I provide treatment for children, adolescents, and adults seeking both individual and couples therapy and conduct psychological evaluations. I have experience working with a wide variety of concerns, such as depression, anxiety, trauma, substance use, sexual concerns, and identity concerns. I am trained in trauma-informed therapy, including the use of EMDR (Eye-Movement, Desensitization, and Reprocessing).
Regardless of what brings you in to therapy, I provide a safe, accepting space to promote healing and personal growth. I provide treatment for children, adolescents, and adults seeking both individual and couples therapy and conduct psychological evaluations. I have experience working with a wide variety of concerns, such as depression, anxiety, trauma, substance use, sexual concerns, and identity concerns. I am trained in trauma-informed therapy, including the use of EMDR (Eye-Movement, Desensitization, and Reprocessing).
(317) 835-8996 View (317) 835-8996
Photo of Kristina Haus, Marriage & Family Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Kristina Haus
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46234  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My hope is that through my direct style of therapy, I can help you find your way to a more fulfilling and authentic life. I believe that my clients are most successful when we can establish an open and honest therapeutic relationship. I want to work alongside you and possibly your spouse, children or family to pursue a healthier approach to life.
My hope is that through my direct style of therapy, I can help you find your way to a more fulfilling and authentic life. I believe that my clients are most successful when we can establish an open and honest therapeutic relationship. I want to work alongside you and possibly your spouse, children or family to pursue a healthier approach to life.
(317) 661-2847 View (317) 661-2847
Photo of Emily Rehberg, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Emily Rehberg
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46220  (Online Only)
I am a dedicated and compassionate therapist with a passion for helping individuals find their path to healing and personal growth. I offer a safe and non-judgmental space for you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and challenges. My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy and collaboration, and I believe in tailoring my therapeutic techniques to meet your unique needs. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, financial stresses, or simply seeking personal development, I am here to support you on your journey towards a happier, healthier life.
I am a dedicated and compassionate therapist with a passion for helping individuals find their path to healing and personal growth. I offer a safe and non-judgmental space for you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and challenges. My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy and collaboration, and I believe in tailoring my therapeutic techniques to meet your unique needs. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, financial stresses, or simply seeking personal development, I am here to support you on your journey towards a happier, healthier life.
(317) 893-3741 View (317) 893-3741
Photo of Brittany Sperka, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Brittany Sperka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
I appreciate someone with an open heart and a willingness to explore their inner self. I value individuals who are ready to engage and connect in meaningful conversations. I know it can be hard to take the first step for help, and look for someone who is committed to their own growth and willing to collaborate in their goals. Trust, honesty, and a desire to change create a supportive connecting environment where healing and transformation can take place.
I appreciate someone with an open heart and a willingness to explore their inner self. I value individuals who are ready to engage and connect in meaningful conversations. I know it can be hard to take the first step for help, and look for someone who is committed to their own growth and willing to collaborate in their goals. Trust, honesty, and a desire to change create a supportive connecting environment where healing and transformation can take place.
(317) 934-7986 View (317) 934-7986
Photo of Hannah Versino, Psychologist in Indianapolis, IN
Hannah Versino
Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46226
I’m a Child and Adolescent Psychologist with over a decade of experience working alongside youth, families, and young adults to create meaningful changes in their lives. An Indiana native, I earned my doctorate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Indianapolis. I have extensive experience providing evaluations and treatment to individuals and families with complex needs. My areas of expertise include mood and anxiety disorders, trauma, emotion regulation, and family conflict. I’ve worked in a variety of settings including community mental health, college counseling, state hospitalization, and residential care.
I’m a Child and Adolescent Psychologist with over a decade of experience working alongside youth, families, and young adults to create meaningful changes in their lives. An Indiana native, I earned my doctorate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Indianapolis. I have extensive experience providing evaluations and treatment to individuals and families with complex needs. My areas of expertise include mood and anxiety disorders, trauma, emotion regulation, and family conflict. I’ve worked in a variety of settings including community mental health, college counseling, state hospitalization, and residential care.
(317) 324-8591 View (317) 324-8591
Photo of Kevin Minnick, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Kevin Minnick
Counselor, LMHC, LCAC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46229  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and a Licensed Clinical Addiction Counselor in Indiana. I have spent most of my career as an addictions counselor and mental health counselor. I work with adults struggling with substances, relationships, self esteem and other forms of issues that cause discomfort and problems. I like to be "down to earth" and more directive in therapy because I'd like to get your problems solved as quickly as we can. I believe we, as humans, can benefit from having someone to talk to at any point in our lives and I'm ready to talk to you!
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and a Licensed Clinical Addiction Counselor in Indiana. I have spent most of my career as an addictions counselor and mental health counselor. I work with adults struggling with substances, relationships, self esteem and other forms of issues that cause discomfort and problems. I like to be "down to earth" and more directive in therapy because I'd like to get your problems solved as quickly as we can. I believe we, as humans, can benefit from having someone to talk to at any point in our lives and I'm ready to talk to you!
(317) 548-6708 View (317) 548-6708
Photo of Michael V Smith, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Michael V Smith
Counselor, MA, PhD, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46256
Do you feel stuck, confused, and alone? My style/approach is unique in that it focuses on supporting individuals who desire to transform their lives and feel more empowered. I have extensive experience working with anxiety, stress, and trauma. I also support those struggling with grief and loss or life-threatening illnesses. I offer a warm and compassionate approach that encourages deep exploration. Our office also provides psychological testing services to finally resolve issues within yourself that have been difficult to solve.
Do you feel stuck, confused, and alone? My style/approach is unique in that it focuses on supporting individuals who desire to transform their lives and feel more empowered. I have extensive experience working with anxiety, stress, and trauma. I also support those struggling with grief and loss or life-threatening illnesses. I offer a warm and compassionate approach that encourages deep exploration. Our office also provides psychological testing services to finally resolve issues within yourself that have been difficult to solve.
(765) 571-4010 View (765) 571-4010

See more therapy options for Indianapolis

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Indianapolis, IN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
66% Relationship Issues
65% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% BlueCross and BlueShield
68% Anthem | Elevance
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Indianapolis, IN see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Indianapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.