Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Rachel Roos Pokorney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Rachel Roos Pokorney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Not Accepting New Patients Until August 2024 I am an easy to relate to therapist who has an uncanny ability to balance warmth and validation with being genuine and direct. I will collaborate with you to determine the way of relating, therapeutic style, and specific therapy interventions that make you feel most comfortable and are the most successful. I will use my expert training and education, using a growth oriented approach, to help you recover from depression, manage anxiety, improve your relationships (work, family, friendships, and romantic), and cope with general life stressors.
Not Accepting New Patients Until August 2024 I am an easy to relate to therapist who has an uncanny ability to balance warmth and validation with being genuine and direct. I will collaborate with you to determine the way of relating, therapeutic style, and specific therapy interventions that make you feel most comfortable and are the most successful. I will use my expert training and education, using a growth oriented approach, to help you recover from depression, manage anxiety, improve your relationships (work, family, friendships, and romantic), and cope with general life stressors.
(917) 924-6341 View (917) 924-6341
Photo of Dr. Elsa Lau, Psychologist in New York, NY
Dr. Elsa Lau
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10018  (Online Only)
Are you navigating life transitions (career, health, relational) and identity explorations (LGBTQ+, giftedness and neurodivergence, creativity, activism, culture, or spirituality)? Does anxiety influence your experience of intimacy, meaning, and vitality? Processing all of this in a safe space can reveal the powerful possibilities within new chapters of life.
Are you navigating life transitions (career, health, relational) and identity explorations (LGBTQ+, giftedness and neurodivergence, creativity, activism, culture, or spirituality)? Does anxiety influence your experience of intimacy, meaning, and vitality? Processing all of this in a safe space can reveal the powerful possibilities within new chapters of life.
(917) 267-8306 View (917) 267-8306
Photo of Anamiika Rahman in New York, NY
Anamiika Rahman
MHC-LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
It can be a daunting process to recognize your need for therapy and reach out for your first appointment. But if you're here, I commend you for taking this significant first step to begin your journey of healing. Our bodies may carry the scars of verbal, emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, as well as lingering grief or resentment from our past. My goal is to guide you patiently, allowing you to access your unconscious mind at your own pace. Together, we'll work towards revisiting those painful inner monologues and achieving inner healing and growth.
It can be a daunting process to recognize your need for therapy and reach out for your first appointment. But if you're here, I commend you for taking this significant first step to begin your journey of healing. Our bodies may carry the scars of verbal, emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, as well as lingering grief or resentment from our past. My goal is to guide you patiently, allowing you to access your unconscious mind at your own pace. Together, we'll work towards revisiting those painful inner monologues and achieving inner healing and growth.
(929) 357-2174 View (929) 357-2174
Photo of Dr. Nikki Press, Psychologist in New York, NY
Dr. Nikki Press
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
New York, NY 10023
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of anxiety, PTSD /trauma, stress, and relationship issues. Are you feeling anxious about the future or stuck in the past? Do you put on a 'calm and collected' front so that others don't see you struggle? Do worries keep you up at night? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you've come to the right place. Often what keeps us stuck in distress are beliefs or old patterns of emotions. But amazing things can happen when we take a chance to try something new.
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of anxiety, PTSD /trauma, stress, and relationship issues. Are you feeling anxious about the future or stuck in the past? Do you put on a 'calm and collected' front so that others don't see you struggle? Do worries keep you up at night? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you've come to the right place. Often what keeps us stuck in distress are beliefs or old patterns of emotions. But amazing things can happen when we take a chance to try something new.
(347) 937-2365 View (347) 937-2365
Photo of Dena Damaskinos, Counselor in New York, NY
Dena Damaskinos
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10018  (Online Only)
Dena Damaskinos is a licensed mental health counselor. Dena engages with her patients to help them find a sense of empowerment. By validating her patients’ emotions and helping them feel heard, Dena helps her patients identify what’s keeping them stuck and what changes they need to make to see healing in their lives. Dena helps her patients explore avenues for healing. It all begins with reaching out to start the conversation.
Dena Damaskinos is a licensed mental health counselor. Dena engages with her patients to help them find a sense of empowerment. By validating her patients’ emotions and helping them feel heard, Dena helps her patients identify what’s keeping them stuck and what changes they need to make to see healing in their lives. Dena helps her patients explore avenues for healing. It all begins with reaching out to start the conversation.
(646) 362-8599 View (646) 362-8599
Peaceful Way Psychology
Psychologist
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
At Peaceful Way Psychology, we are committed to helping you overcome the obstacles that prevent you from reaching your full potential and living the life you long for. Our team of dedicated and experienced therapists is here to listen, understand, and guide you on your journey to wellness. Whether you're an individual seeking personal growth, a couple seeking to strengthen your relationship, or simply looking for a safe space to talk, our therapists are here to support you every step of the way.
At Peaceful Way Psychology, we are committed to helping you overcome the obstacles that prevent you from reaching your full potential and living the life you long for. Our team of dedicated and experienced therapists is here to listen, understand, and guide you on your journey to wellness. Whether you're an individual seeking personal growth, a couple seeking to strengthen your relationship, or simply looking for a safe space to talk, our therapists are here to support you every step of the way.
(646) 791-3860 View (646) 791-3860
Photo of Melanie Hill, Psychologist in New York, NY
Melanie Hill
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
We all need help at different stages to find new ways of living fuller, healthier lives. Whether you are navigating a new life transition or seeking to overcome difficulties that have lasted for years, my goal is to work with you in a respectful, authentic, and collaborative way to help you create the life you want. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, sleep, and trauma-related problems, and the impact these difficulties have on relationships, work, parenting, and health. To address these issues, I draw on my training at top-tier institutions to tailor evidence-based treatments to best meet your specific needs.
We all need help at different stages to find new ways of living fuller, healthier lives. Whether you are navigating a new life transition or seeking to overcome difficulties that have lasted for years, my goal is to work with you in a respectful, authentic, and collaborative way to help you create the life you want. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, sleep, and trauma-related problems, and the impact these difficulties have on relationships, work, parenting, and health. To address these issues, I draw on my training at top-tier institutions to tailor evidence-based treatments to best meet your specific needs.
(646) 762-9486 x800 View (646) 762-9486 x800
Photo of Maggie Field, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Maggie Field
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
I believe that healing can begin when we are in the presence of someone who is deeply trying to understand us. When we feel we are understood, we may begin to feel safe enough to explore feelings and experiences that are overwhelming. I believe that our many identities play an impactful role in how we experience the world and also ourselves. Our work is to build a strong relationship within which we can explore where you have been, where you are now, and where you’d like to see yourself go.
I believe that healing can begin when we are in the presence of someone who is deeply trying to understand us. When we feel we are understood, we may begin to feel safe enough to explore feelings and experiences that are overwhelming. I believe that our many identities play an impactful role in how we experience the world and also ourselves. Our work is to build a strong relationship within which we can explore where you have been, where you are now, and where you’d like to see yourself go.
(914) 252-3258 View (914) 252-3258
Photo of Greg Hofmann, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Greg Hofmann
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10012
Respecting the uniqueness of each individual is at the core of my practice and I tailor my approach to meet your specific needs. I firmly believe that healing and growth occur within the context of a safe, authentic, and empathetic therapeutic relationship. I am currently completing my master’s degree in rehabilitation counseling at Rutgers University. I received my undergraduate psychology degree from Boston University, where I focused on women, gender, queer and sexuality studies, rendering me sensitive to the needs and issues affecting members of the LGBTQIA+ and other diverse communities.
Respecting the uniqueness of each individual is at the core of my practice and I tailor my approach to meet your specific needs. I firmly believe that healing and growth occur within the context of a safe, authentic, and empathetic therapeutic relationship. I am currently completing my master’s degree in rehabilitation counseling at Rutgers University. I received my undergraduate psychology degree from Boston University, where I focused on women, gender, queer and sexuality studies, rendering me sensitive to the needs and issues affecting members of the LGBTQIA+ and other diverse communities.
(347) 652-2554 View (347) 652-2554
Photo of Julian Goldhagen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Julian Goldhagen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024  (Online Only)
We are all capable of achieving positive change. My goal as a therapist is to create space for reflection, connection, and expression in order to pursue sustained well-being. I work collaboratively to help individuals & couples tell their stories and develop agency in shifting unhelpful narratives. I offer therapy to adults around topics including sex, intimacy, relationships, gender & sexuality issues, identity, anxiety, depression and more. I have experience working with diverse communities as a as both a clinician and community organizer. My therapeutic practice is grounded in the contexts of social justice and equity.
We are all capable of achieving positive change. My goal as a therapist is to create space for reflection, connection, and expression in order to pursue sustained well-being. I work collaboratively to help individuals & couples tell their stories and develop agency in shifting unhelpful narratives. I offer therapy to adults around topics including sex, intimacy, relationships, gender & sexuality issues, identity, anxiety, depression and more. I have experience working with diverse communities as a as both a clinician and community organizer. My therapeutic practice is grounded in the contexts of social justice and equity.
(914) 745-2066 View (914) 745-2066
Photo of Lisa Benjamin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Lisa Benjamin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
When starting therapy it's important to choose someone you feel comfortable with and can trust. I like to start by meeting once or twice to see if we are a good match. Together we will address the problem that brings you into therapy and establish a treatment direction designed to meet your goals. My orientation is Psychodynamic and my style is supportive, interactive and collaborative. Successful therapy can either be a short or long term process and I belive that it's important to periodically touch base to make sure that your needs are being met.
When starting therapy it's important to choose someone you feel comfortable with and can trust. I like to start by meeting once or twice to see if we are a good match. Together we will address the problem that brings you into therapy and establish a treatment direction designed to meet your goals. My orientation is Psychodynamic and my style is supportive, interactive and collaborative. Successful therapy can either be a short or long term process and I belive that it's important to periodically touch base to make sure that your needs are being met.
(917) 512-7713 View (917) 512-7713
Photo of Jessica Rosenthal, Psychologist in New York, NY
Jessica Rosenthal
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in treating adults with a range of difficulties, including OCD, panic, social anxiety, uncontrollable worry, depression, and trauma. I also work with new parents finding their way through parenthood, particularly those struggling with anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum. I believe in flexibly applying evidence-based treatments to meet the needs of the whole person. I offer practical tools to reduce suffering in the present, and to help you move toward a life of value and meaning. However, I also aim to understand how your past experiences and identities shape your worldview.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in treating adults with a range of difficulties, including OCD, panic, social anxiety, uncontrollable worry, depression, and trauma. I also work with new parents finding their way through parenthood, particularly those struggling with anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum. I believe in flexibly applying evidence-based treatments to meet the needs of the whole person. I offer practical tools to reduce suffering in the present, and to help you move toward a life of value and meaning. However, I also aim to understand how your past experiences and identities shape your worldview.
(917) 994-6092 View (917) 994-6092
Photo of Bill McManus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Bill McManus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010
I am a psychotherapist, psychoanalyst, and supervisor in private practice in New York City. I work with adults and adolescents, individuals and families. I received my masters from New York University and I am a certified psychoanalyst through the Training Institute for Mental Health. I have worked with people looking to improve various aspects of their lives including breakup pain, career path, mood, relationships, depression, anxiety, addictions, obsessional thinking, low self-esteem, fragile self-confidence, destructive behaviors, headaches, digestive problems, back pain, and fatigue.
I am a psychotherapist, psychoanalyst, and supervisor in private practice in New York City. I work with adults and adolescents, individuals and families. I received my masters from New York University and I am a certified psychoanalyst through the Training Institute for Mental Health. I have worked with people looking to improve various aspects of their lives including breakup pain, career path, mood, relationships, depression, anxiety, addictions, obsessional thinking, low self-esteem, fragile self-confidence, destructive behaviors, headaches, digestive problems, back pain, and fatigue.
(917) 791-2174 View (917) 791-2174
Photo of Anne Metrailler, Counselor in New York, NY
Anne Metrailler
Counselor, LMHC, MA, EdM
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10036
Therapy provides the opportunity for you to examine your feelings, thoughts and behavior in a collaborative environment. I am here to listen, help you gain insight into your concerns and identify how to make positive changes in your life. With a supportive therapeutic relationship, I will provide a safe space for you to process your inner thoughts and challenging moments.
Therapy provides the opportunity for you to examine your feelings, thoughts and behavior in a collaborative environment. I am here to listen, help you gain insight into your concerns and identify how to make positive changes in your life. With a supportive therapeutic relationship, I will provide a safe space for you to process your inner thoughts and challenging moments.
(914) 915-8377 View (914) 915-8377
Photo of Sarah Gundle, Psychologist in New York, NY
Sarah Gundle
Psychologist, PsyD, MIA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
I believe in collaboration and in change. My approach combines cognitive behavioral therapy methods with stress reduction, mindfulness, and problem-solving approaches. Psychotherapy is ultimately about living a fuller, more meaningful life and I believe I can help you achieve this. There are many triggers we all face: relationship and identity issues, loss or trauma, perfectionism, and life transitions. I am interactive and direct in challenging dysfunctional patterns that are getting in the way of leading the life you want. I will work collaboratively with you to develop a plan of action, building on strengths, to bring balance, meaning, and ease into your life.
I believe in collaboration and in change. My approach combines cognitive behavioral therapy methods with stress reduction, mindfulness, and problem-solving approaches. Psychotherapy is ultimately about living a fuller, more meaningful life and I believe I can help you achieve this. There are many triggers we all face: relationship and identity issues, loss or trauma, perfectionism, and life transitions. I am interactive and direct in challenging dysfunctional patterns that are getting in the way of leading the life you want. I will work collaboratively with you to develop a plan of action, building on strengths, to bring balance, meaning, and ease into your life.
(646) 797-3341 View (646) 797-3341
Photo of Sabrina Gonzalez, Counselor in New York, NY
Sabrina Gonzalez
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10002
My name is Sabrina Gonzalez, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) based in New York City. I work with adult clients via telehealth and specialize in anxiety, depression, stress, and adjustment disorders. I focus on utilizing Cognitive Behavioral and Strengths-Based Therapy techniques to help clients confront their concerns with their resiliency and our therapeutic alliance. I work with adult clients dealing with stress, anxiety, and depression.
My name is Sabrina Gonzalez, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) based in New York City. I work with adult clients via telehealth and specialize in anxiety, depression, stress, and adjustment disorders. I focus on utilizing Cognitive Behavioral and Strengths-Based Therapy techniques to help clients confront their concerns with their resiliency and our therapeutic alliance. I work with adult clients dealing with stress, anxiety, and depression.
(332) 239-1810 View (332) 239-1810
Photo of Angela Bae, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Angela Bae
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, EMDR, RYT-200
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024  (Online Only)
I have seen different ways people feel about "therapy," but when we are going through something tough, we could all use someone to talk to. Therapy is your private, trusted space for taking an honest, deeper look at what is going on in your life and within yourself. In this safe space, we work collaboratively to explore your relationship styles, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that may be helpful, or getting in the way. We all have a built-in compass within us that encourages and guides us towards "who we are meant to be." The insights generated in therapy can help us make moves towards a healthier, happier life.
I have seen different ways people feel about "therapy," but when we are going through something tough, we could all use someone to talk to. Therapy is your private, trusted space for taking an honest, deeper look at what is going on in your life and within yourself. In this safe space, we work collaboratively to explore your relationship styles, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that may be helpful, or getting in the way. We all have a built-in compass within us that encourages and guides us towards "who we are meant to be." The insights generated in therapy can help us make moves towards a healthier, happier life.
(646) 832-2735 View (646) 832-2735
Photo of Melissa Almenas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Melissa Almenas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10019  (Online Only)
Feeling alone or disconnected despite being in a relationship or in a city of millions? Feeling unfulfilled despite having "it all" or professional success? The human experience is full of complexities and contradictions that can often disrupt our world and lead to suffering. In the midst of distress, seeking therapy is an act of courage and an investment in your wellbeing. Few things are as powerful as having a trusting and supportive environment in which you can share your inner world.
Feeling alone or disconnected despite being in a relationship or in a city of millions? Feeling unfulfilled despite having "it all" or professional success? The human experience is full of complexities and contradictions that can often disrupt our world and lead to suffering. In the midst of distress, seeking therapy is an act of courage and an investment in your wellbeing. Few things are as powerful as having a trusting and supportive environment in which you can share your inner world.
(347) 621-6199 View (347) 621-6199
Photo of Betsy Auray, Marriage & Family Therapist in New York, NY
Betsy Auray
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028
I am a compassionate and solution-oriented therapist with a reputation for a caring and straightforward approach. My work is client centered and goal oriented. I believe we all get stuck or overwhelmed at times in life, and that therapy in a safe and caring environment can be the first step into a more satisfying life, with rewarding relationships at the center. As a person and a provider, there is nothing more rewarding than walking that path with my clients.
I am a compassionate and solution-oriented therapist with a reputation for a caring and straightforward approach. My work is client centered and goal oriented. I believe we all get stuck or overwhelmed at times in life, and that therapy in a safe and caring environment can be the first step into a more satisfying life, with rewarding relationships at the center. As a person and a provider, there is nothing more rewarding than walking that path with my clients.
(646) 846-1553 View (646) 846-1553
Photo of Christina Viera, Counselor in New York, NY
Christina Viera
Counselor, LMHC, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Let’s prioritize your wants, needs, and desires. Therapy is a space where you get to receive the attention you may have not been gifting yourself. Whether you’re experiencing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, LGBTQ+ challenges, or any other stressors, let’s collaborate to create a life that serves you on your terms. I support adults struggling with anxiety, depression, and trauma. One of my specialties is providing support to LGBTQ+ populations. As a transgender woman, I know first-hand what it’s like to be part of an oppressed group living in a world that is unkind to people like me.
Let’s prioritize your wants, needs, and desires. Therapy is a space where you get to receive the attention you may have not been gifting yourself. Whether you’re experiencing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, LGBTQ+ challenges, or any other stressors, let’s collaborate to create a life that serves you on your terms. I support adults struggling with anxiety, depression, and trauma. One of my specialties is providing support to LGBTQ+ populations. As a transgender woman, I know first-hand what it’s like to be part of an oppressed group living in a world that is unkind to people like me.
(914) 350-4497 View (914) 350-4497

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.