Therapists in Portland, OR

View neighborhoods in Portland
Photo of The Gender and Sex Therapy Clinic, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
The Gender and Sex Therapy Clinic, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97232  (Online Only)
Finding trustworthy professionals to help you with intimate issues is embarrassing and difficult. You can find a safe space in therapy when you can find it nowhere else. This is my most important skill, something not learned in school: unconditional positive acceptance and honest, non-threatening communication about intimate problems. Here you will find sensitivity to private behaviors which are regarded with non-judgmental acceptance and respect, never shame nor intolerance. Now accepting CareOregon members.
Finding trustworthy professionals to help you with intimate issues is embarrassing and difficult. You can find a safe space in therapy when you can find it nowhere else. This is my most important skill, something not learned in school: unconditional positive acceptance and honest, non-threatening communication about intimate problems. Here you will find sensitivity to private behaviors which are regarded with non-judgmental acceptance and respect, never shame nor intolerance. Now accepting CareOregon members.
(360) 209-2950 View (360) 209-2950
Photo of Percy Hawkes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Percy Hawkes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97202
Get better, heal, and integrate. My role is to help you become your fullest version of yourself. My ideal clients are ready to look at new ways of encountering old problems. I enjoy working with many identities, including my own LGBTQIA+ and Latinx communities. Relationships, sexuality, identity, trauma, anxiety, kink, and neurodiversity are recurrent therapy themes. At times in our lives it is key to have the competent support of an advocate to walk through tough life experiences. I see individuals, relationships, and groups.
Get better, heal, and integrate. My role is to help you become your fullest version of yourself. My ideal clients are ready to look at new ways of encountering old problems. I enjoy working with many identities, including my own LGBTQIA+ and Latinx communities. Relationships, sexuality, identity, trauma, anxiety, kink, and neurodiversity are recurrent therapy themes. At times in our lives it is key to have the competent support of an advocate to walk through tough life experiences. I see individuals, relationships, and groups.
(503) 461-8651 View (503) 461-8651
Photo of Avvy Mar, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Avvy Mar
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97239
My work involves helping you find what is most valuable to you and how you can live more in tune with your values and goals. By helping explore your feelings and relationships, we can discover together what patterns and obstacles can be shifted to bring you into the life you want. I am experienced in helping people improve their relationships, professional lives and sense of personal identity.
My work involves helping you find what is most valuable to you and how you can live more in tune with your values and goals. By helping explore your feelings and relationships, we can discover together what patterns and obstacles can be shifted to bring you into the life you want. I am experienced in helping people improve their relationships, professional lives and sense of personal identity.
(503) 406-4227 View (503) 406-4227
Photo of Christina W. Enticknap, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Christina W. Enticknap
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LLC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97202
Not accepting new clients
I work with both youth and adults. I help individuals work through depression, anxiety, grief and loss, and relationship issues. I have years of experience working with children and families dealing with divorce, adoption, foster care, self-esteem, school challenges, and parenting/ discipline. I use a variety of tools in my practice including talk therapy, expressive arts, play, and sand tray.
I work with both youth and adults. I help individuals work through depression, anxiety, grief and loss, and relationship issues. I have years of experience working with children and families dealing with divorce, adoption, foster care, self-esteem, school challenges, and parenting/ discipline. I use a variety of tools in my practice including talk therapy, expressive arts, play, and sand tray.
(503) 822-6242 View (503) 822-6242
Photo of Yael Kievsky, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Yael Kievsky
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97213  (Online Only)
If you're seeking an empowering and transformative experience of therapy, I'd love to support you. I have built my practice to focus on all things relationships: I work especially well with relational trauma, breaches of trust, repairing severed relationships, communication, non-normative relationships, as well as family & reproductive support. I am approachable and bring a solid, vigorous presence to our encounters - you will not feel adrift in our sessions. My style is engaged, directive, and sometimes humorous, and always tender and reverent of all of who you are.
If you're seeking an empowering and transformative experience of therapy, I'd love to support you. I have built my practice to focus on all things relationships: I work especially well with relational trauma, breaches of trust, repairing severed relationships, communication, non-normative relationships, as well as family & reproductive support. I am approachable and bring a solid, vigorous presence to our encounters - you will not feel adrift in our sessions. My style is engaged, directive, and sometimes humorous, and always tender and reverent of all of who you are.
(503) 386-9263 View (503) 386-9263
Photo of Catherine M Saunders, Counselor in Portland, OR
Catherine M Saunders
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97221
Waitlist for new clients
I am partnering with Mindful Therapy Group for scheduling and billing. Please call 971-352-6971 or email highlands@mindfulsupport services.com. I believe every person has natural healing abilities and wisdom. My role is to help clients determine their way to growth, healing, positive action and improvement of life quality through relationship with self and others. I base my work on theories from Cognitive-Behavioral, Psychodynamic and Family Systems Therapies to carve the therapy that works personally for each client.
I am partnering with Mindful Therapy Group for scheduling and billing. Please call 971-352-6971 or email highlands@mindfulsupport services.com. I believe every person has natural healing abilities and wisdom. My role is to help clients determine their way to growth, healing, positive action and improvement of life quality through relationship with self and others. I base my work on theories from Cognitive-Behavioral, Psychodynamic and Family Systems Therapies to carve the therapy that works personally for each client.
(971) 306-4938 View (971) 306-4938
Photo of Jessi Frothingham, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Jessi Frothingham
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97219
Do you have a lot of insight about your trauma that doesn't lead to change? Are you starting to feel frustrated with having the knowledge yet still wrestling with the same triggers and symptoms time and time again? I hope you know that is so normal, especially with trauma. But it doesn't have to be this way. I can help you create more peace in your life and restore your previous functioning. Imagine if you experienced deep relief and didn't have to work so hard anymore - how would your life change? Imagine feeling secure in your relationships, calm in the face of previous triggers, and doing what you want with your life.
Do you have a lot of insight about your trauma that doesn't lead to change? Are you starting to feel frustrated with having the knowledge yet still wrestling with the same triggers and symptoms time and time again? I hope you know that is so normal, especially with trauma. But it doesn't have to be this way. I can help you create more peace in your life and restore your previous functioning. Imagine if you experienced deep relief and didn't have to work so hard anymore - how would your life change? Imagine feeling secure in your relationships, calm in the face of previous triggers, and doing what you want with your life.
(503) 751-8176 View (503) 751-8176
Photo of Julie Kahler, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Julie Kahler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97204
I am a licensed psychologist providing video telehealth & in-person counseling to adults in Oregon who are struggling in their lives and relationships. Together, we explore the habits and beliefs that keep them from realizing their potential. In my practice, clients discover clarity about their values and boundaries, and are empowered to make change in their lives. My approach is to build a relationship of support and trust with you that offers the safety to explore problems with flexibility and curiosity. My clinical and research experience has given me expertise in human behaviors and emotions, but you are the expert of yourself.
I am a licensed psychologist providing video telehealth & in-person counseling to adults in Oregon who are struggling in their lives and relationships. Together, we explore the habits and beliefs that keep them from realizing their potential. In my practice, clients discover clarity about their values and boundaries, and are empowered to make change in their lives. My approach is to build a relationship of support and trust with you that offers the safety to explore problems with flexibility and curiosity. My clinical and research experience has given me expertise in human behaviors and emotions, but you are the expert of yourself.
(503) 298-5208 View (503) 298-5208
Photo of Ninfa J Neuser, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Ninfa J Neuser
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97214  (Online Only)
**Scheduling intakes currently, but evening appointments are limited** Have you been struggling in life? Are you juggling all of your roles and feel like you're failing to keep up? Imagine being unburdened by anxiety or depressed mood. You could no longer be held back by worry or negative thinking, living a full authentic life with better relationships and more satisfaction, achieving the things you value and want in life. You don't have to let anxiety, depression, poor relationships, problematic self-esteem or stress prevent you from being happy.
**Scheduling intakes currently, but evening appointments are limited** Have you been struggling in life? Are you juggling all of your roles and feel like you're failing to keep up? Imagine being unburdened by anxiety or depressed mood. You could no longer be held back by worry or negative thinking, living a full authentic life with better relationships and more satisfaction, achieving the things you value and want in life. You don't have to let anxiety, depression, poor relationships, problematic self-esteem or stress prevent you from being happy.
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Photo of Kawa Kuller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Kawa Kuller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97202  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with people who identify as BIPOC, trans, enby and LGBTQIA+ . You don’t fit into society’s norms and maybe you don’t even want to. There can be great joy and pride in being different, but difference can also be met with oppression. I know what it’s like to feel othered, how it can effect self esteem, your ability to connect with others, and can lead to trauma, isolation, sadness, depression, anxiety, anger, grief, hopelessness and confusion. I am kink positive, body positive, and support polyamorous and ENM relationships . To work together, please fill out this form: www.nurtureabundance.com/contact-us
I specialize in working with people who identify as BIPOC, trans, enby and LGBTQIA+ . You don’t fit into society’s norms and maybe you don’t even want to. There can be great joy and pride in being different, but difference can also be met with oppression. I know what it’s like to feel othered, how it can effect self esteem, your ability to connect with others, and can lead to trauma, isolation, sadness, depression, anxiety, anger, grief, hopelessness and confusion. I am kink positive, body positive, and support polyamorous and ENM relationships . To work together, please fill out this form: www.nurtureabundance.com/contact-us
(503) 563-2968 View (503) 563-2968
Photo of Katheryn Cordova Jimenez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Katheryn Cordova Jimenez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC I
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97220  (Online Only)
I have been working with pre-teens, teens, and young adults for the past 12 years. I provide individual and family therapy for both mental health and substance use concerns to teens and young adults. I use a strengths-based and trauma informed approach that is grounded in anti-racism.
I have been working with pre-teens, teens, and young adults for the past 12 years. I provide individual and family therapy for both mental health and substance use concerns to teens and young adults. I use a strengths-based and trauma informed approach that is grounded in anti-racism.
(503) 563-8111 View (503) 563-8111
Photo of Laura Kosak, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Laura Kosak
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97239  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you living life on autopilot too much of the time? Are you feeling like you have to just keep moving, getting crap done, because if you stop and let yourself really feel you’ll just collapse into a messy pile of tears? Are you feeling like maybe the trauma is winning at the game of hide and seek that you’ve been playing? I specialize in helping women shift away from the distressing hold of trauma, childhood wounds or anxiety, into a joyful and fulfilling life.
Are you living life on autopilot too much of the time? Are you feeling like you have to just keep moving, getting crap done, because if you stop and let yourself really feel you’ll just collapse into a messy pile of tears? Are you feeling like maybe the trauma is winning at the game of hide and seek that you’ve been playing? I specialize in helping women shift away from the distressing hold of trauma, childhood wounds or anxiety, into a joyful and fulfilling life.
(503) 832-5851 View (503) 832-5851
Photo of Jared Gorfinkel, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Jared Gorfinkel
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97206  (Online Only)
Perhaps you were raised in an environment that prioritizes mental health and is supportive of psychotherapy. Conversely, and as often the case, you were taught from caregivers that it was "weak" or "shameful" to obtain professional support, or to even seek help outside of yourself. These sentiments still permeate our culture, and though they are shifting, I find that they still lurk and impact one's drive to pursue mental health care. So in either case (and for all others in between), getting here was a process. In this spirit, I want to commend you for taking this huge and vulnerable step toward healing and deeper self-awareness!
Perhaps you were raised in an environment that prioritizes mental health and is supportive of psychotherapy. Conversely, and as often the case, you were taught from caregivers that it was "weak" or "shameful" to obtain professional support, or to even seek help outside of yourself. These sentiments still permeate our culture, and though they are shifting, I find that they still lurk and impact one's drive to pursue mental health care. So in either case (and for all others in between), getting here was a process. In this spirit, I want to commend you for taking this huge and vulnerable step toward healing and deeper self-awareness!
(503) 213-9160 View (503) 213-9160
Photo of Emily Adler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Emily Adler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97211  (Online Only)
My passion is to connect with people. I have found supporting folks experiencing stress and anxiety in their lives is a calling of mine. If we work together, we will develop tools, identify thinking errors and work toward increasing your overall happiness. My focus is on finding solutions that work for you. Together we will work to build a foundation where you can access tools for happiness the rest of your life.
My passion is to connect with people. I have found supporting folks experiencing stress and anxiety in their lives is a calling of mine. If we work together, we will develop tools, identify thinking errors and work toward increasing your overall happiness. My focus is on finding solutions that work for you. Together we will work to build a foundation where you can access tools for happiness the rest of your life.
(971) 265-6937 View (971) 265-6937
Photo of David A Sangster, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
David A Sangster
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97203
From struggling to THRIVING. Become more fully "yourself." Enjoy relationship satisfaction. Strengthen connection to something bigger that is meaningful. Get relief from depression and anxiety (really!). Improve effectiveness at work. Feel more at home in your body, content. Mindful and present. LAUGH. Choosing a therapist that is both really good AND a great fit is important. There is a difference here you will experience from the get go. The office is in a 1930's Cape Cod style house...inviting & comfortable. With warmth and character. David is unusually relational and "real." Sessions are 60, 75 or 90 minutes rather than 50.
From struggling to THRIVING. Become more fully "yourself." Enjoy relationship satisfaction. Strengthen connection to something bigger that is meaningful. Get relief from depression and anxiety (really!). Improve effectiveness at work. Feel more at home in your body, content. Mindful and present. LAUGH. Choosing a therapist that is both really good AND a great fit is important. There is a difference here you will experience from the get go. The office is in a 1930's Cape Cod style house...inviting & comfortable. With warmth and character. David is unusually relational and "real." Sessions are 60, 75 or 90 minutes rather than 50.
(503) 444-8649 View (503) 444-8649
Photo of Stephanie N Egbers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Stephanie N Egbers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97232
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in serving children and families on issues related to anxiety, anger management, social skill difficulties, family relational problems, trauma, depression, grief and loss. My work focuses on educating families about appropriate play strategies and interaction techniques, and on working directly with children to develop new behaviors to cope with daily life stress. My major focus is on developing and reinforcing skills which research shows to foster healthy child development, self esteem, and relationships while assisting families in developing nurturing and enriching environments for all members. I encourage open communication with clients to ensure appropriate techniques with children and families.
I specialize in serving children and families on issues related to anxiety, anger management, social skill difficulties, family relational problems, trauma, depression, grief and loss. My work focuses on educating families about appropriate play strategies and interaction techniques, and on working directly with children to develop new behaviors to cope with daily life stress. My major focus is on developing and reinforcing skills which research shows to foster healthy child development, self esteem, and relationships while assisting families in developing nurturing and enriching environments for all members. I encourage open communication with clients to ensure appropriate techniques with children and families.
(971) 264-2693 View (971) 264-2693
Photo of Mik Dailey, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Portland, OR
Mik Dailey
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97202  (Online Only)
I hold unflinching space for folks wanting to survive and thrive outside the norms. Quirky oddballs, freaky queers, radical rebels, whatever trail you're blazing, you'll be celebrated here. It's an intense time to be alive and it takes guts to be yourself in a world that is often unkind. You may be navigating understandably scary questions about who you want to be, how to reconnect with your partner, or where to find reprieve from overwhelming stress. You don't have to do it alone. I will skillfully hold the tough stuff, while also supporting you in sowing seeds of joy, pleasure, and resistance.
I hold unflinching space for folks wanting to survive and thrive outside the norms. Quirky oddballs, freaky queers, radical rebels, whatever trail you're blazing, you'll be celebrated here. It's an intense time to be alive and it takes guts to be yourself in a world that is often unkind. You may be navigating understandably scary questions about who you want to be, how to reconnect with your partner, or where to find reprieve from overwhelming stress. You don't have to do it alone. I will skillfully hold the tough stuff, while also supporting you in sowing seeds of joy, pleasure, and resistance.
(503) 966-2343 View (503) 966-2343
Photo of Mandy Harrison, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Mandy Harrison
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97213
Not accepting new clients
Asking for help can feel daunting and may also be your window to healing. My goal is to offer a safe space for you to ask the scary questions, feel the unwanted pain, get to know your emotions and reacquaint yourself with your strength and resilience that may feel so distant. A counseling relationship can offer you reflection and insight to what is making you feel stuck. With you, I will help you discover the obstacles blocking your path, rediscover your personal assets and help you grow your skill set to work through these obstacles.
Asking for help can feel daunting and may also be your window to healing. My goal is to offer a safe space for you to ask the scary questions, feel the unwanted pain, get to know your emotions and reacquaint yourself with your strength and resilience that may feel so distant. A counseling relationship can offer you reflection and insight to what is making you feel stuck. With you, I will help you discover the obstacles blocking your path, rediscover your personal assets and help you grow your skill set to work through these obstacles.
(503) 966-5564 View (503) 966-5564
Photo of Emily Warner, Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
Emily Warner
Professional Counselor Associate , MA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97214
Currently accepting Telehealth clients! Everyone has their own journey, and mental health counseling can aid any individual who needs help along the way. Whether processing the past, finding contentment in the present, or looking at goals towards the future - I am so proud of you! I specialize in working with adolescents and young adults, exploring what it is to be in the quarter life stage and how to become your own person. From just entering high school to graduating from your grad degree program, or navigating independence - there is so much to process in our emerging adulthood. You are worth listening to.
Currently accepting Telehealth clients! Everyone has their own journey, and mental health counseling can aid any individual who needs help along the way. Whether processing the past, finding contentment in the present, or looking at goals towards the future - I am so proud of you! I specialize in working with adolescents and young adults, exploring what it is to be in the quarter life stage and how to become your own person. From just entering high school to graduating from your grad degree program, or navigating independence - there is so much to process in our emerging adulthood. You are worth listening to.
(971) 306-5654 View (971) 306-5654
Photo of Angel Ray, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Angel Ray
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97205  (Online Only)
We all have moments of change in our lives that take us through ups and downs. Sometimes we can get stuck in understanding what is happening and knowing how to move forward. Living with challenging transitions is one of those moments when having someone to talk to, who truly understands from personal experience, makes the difference. I am a licensed counselor who through a social justice lens, will listen to all your frustrations with loved ones, friends, co-workers, and our misinformed society.
We all have moments of change in our lives that take us through ups and downs. Sometimes we can get stuck in understanding what is happening and knowing how to move forward. Living with challenging transitions is one of those moments when having someone to talk to, who truly understands from personal experience, makes the difference. I am a licensed counselor who through a social justice lens, will listen to all your frustrations with loved ones, friends, co-workers, and our misinformed society.
(971) 259-7850 View (971) 259-7850

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Portland, OR

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Portland, OR who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
68% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

54% PacificSource
47% Aetna
38% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Portland, OR see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.