Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Molly S Mollin, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Molly S Mollin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131  (Online Only)
I have over 20 years of experience working with adults, children, adolescents, and couples in a variety of settings. My approach involves warmth, honesty, insight, compassion, and humor. My philosophy is grounded in the core Humanistic principles of genuineness, empathy, and respect. Through my work, I have helped people from diverse backgrounds achieve improved health and move toward greater satisfaction in their lives and in themselves. I encourage individuals to tap into their own inherent strengths to find new, and more constructive, ways of navigating life's problems.
I have over 20 years of experience working with adults, children, adolescents, and couples in a variety of settings. My approach involves warmth, honesty, insight, compassion, and humor. My philosophy is grounded in the core Humanistic principles of genuineness, empathy, and respect. Through my work, I have helped people from diverse backgrounds achieve improved health and move toward greater satisfaction in their lives and in themselves. I encourage individuals to tap into their own inherent strengths to find new, and more constructive, ways of navigating life's problems.
(415) 516-3641 View (415) 516-3641
Photo of Jacelyn C Bronte, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Jacelyn C Bronte
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
Are you on a Spiritual path and seeking enlightenment? Do you find there are some recurrent patterns in your life that cause you to feel anxious, less than, and/or depressed? Is your life ruled by should(s) and shouldn't(s), instead of the peace and ease of this moment? The calling to a spiritual path and meditation practices can and do help to feel more calm, but as you are finding it alone can not bring the sense of wellbeing and an end to suffering.
Are you on a Spiritual path and seeking enlightenment? Do you find there are some recurrent patterns in your life that cause you to feel anxious, less than, and/or depressed? Is your life ruled by should(s) and shouldn't(s), instead of the peace and ease of this moment? The calling to a spiritual path and meditation practices can and do help to feel more calm, but as you are finding it alone can not bring the sense of wellbeing and an end to suffering.
(510) 878-4749 View (510) 878-4749
Photo of Victoria Storr, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Victoria Storr
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MS
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Hello, I’m Victoria Storr and I guide clients towards a self-chosen life. One where they feel empowered and confident. Sounds nice right? I promise you, it feels even better. I could imagine you’re a bit skeptical. I’m sure you’re thinking that living the life of your dreams is not possible for you because of past mistakes, current circumstances, or because it hasn’t worked before. I meet all of my clients in this exact moment in their story; The specifics change but the root of the issue is often the same: people living in patterns of thoughts and actions which keep them trapped and hold them back.
Hello, I’m Victoria Storr and I guide clients towards a self-chosen life. One where they feel empowered and confident. Sounds nice right? I promise you, it feels even better. I could imagine you’re a bit skeptical. I’m sure you’re thinking that living the life of your dreams is not possible for you because of past mistakes, current circumstances, or because it hasn’t worked before. I meet all of my clients in this exact moment in their story; The specifics change but the root of the issue is often the same: people living in patterns of thoughts and actions which keep them trapped and hold them back.
(628) 201-6907 View (628) 201-6907
Photo of David Olem, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
David Olem
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
My priority as a therapist is to create a warm and comfortable environment in which we can work closely together to identify goals and tailor the sessions to best meet your needs. I have an interactive style and I utilize a wide variety of techniques.
My priority as a therapist is to create a warm and comfortable environment in which we can work closely together to identify goals and tailor the sessions to best meet your needs. I have an interactive style and I utilize a wide variety of techniques.
(650) 206-8786 View (650) 206-8786
Photo of Nathan Villarante, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nathan Villarante
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself uncontrollably spiraling with your thoughts at the most inconvenient times? Does it feel like you are completely at the mercy of overwhelming emotions due to a difficult situation? There is an inherent amount of pain and difficulty that comes with life: a strained relationship, a stressful job, or the loss of a loved one for instance. Our work together will involve reducing the impact and influence these difficult experiences are holding over you while learning how to hold steady in the midst of an emotional storm.
Do you find yourself uncontrollably spiraling with your thoughts at the most inconvenient times? Does it feel like you are completely at the mercy of overwhelming emotions due to a difficult situation? There is an inherent amount of pain and difficulty that comes with life: a strained relationship, a stressful job, or the loss of a loved one for instance. Our work together will involve reducing the impact and influence these difficult experiences are holding over you while learning how to hold steady in the midst of an emotional storm.
(310) 620-1338 View (310) 620-1338
Photo of Thomas Browne, Ph. D., Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Thomas Browne, Ph. D.
Psychologist, Ph, D
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94108
My work embraces two levels. 1. Licensed clinical psychologist with a range of classical methods. 2. Board Certified Senior Fellow in Medical Neurofeedback and QEEG (not consumer level for amusement/recreation). Clients develop a more powerful sense of relaxed self-esteem and an effective understanding of how to manage life traumas and stress more effectively. Several publications in mental health and medical neurofeedback. "The Encyclopedia of Mental Health", "Neurofeedback First 50 Years". The combination of clinical therapy and medical neurofeedback can be powerful, healing, and transformative in its ability to change lives.
My work embraces two levels. 1. Licensed clinical psychologist with a range of classical methods. 2. Board Certified Senior Fellow in Medical Neurofeedback and QEEG (not consumer level for amusement/recreation). Clients develop a more powerful sense of relaxed self-esteem and an effective understanding of how to manage life traumas and stress more effectively. Several publications in mental health and medical neurofeedback. "The Encyclopedia of Mental Health", "Neurofeedback First 50 Years". The combination of clinical therapy and medical neurofeedback can be powerful, healing, and transformative in its ability to change lives.
(415) 401-0777 View (415) 401-0777
Photo of Mireya Peña, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Mireya Peña
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122
Do you or a loved one want to change your relationship with substances? I work with individuals, couples and families who are struggling with addiction and substance use through a harm reduction framework. Through this framework I pay special attention to creating a non-judgmental relationship with clients along every part of their relationship with substance use, be that with the goal of moderation or abstinence.
Do you or a loved one want to change your relationship with substances? I work with individuals, couples and families who are struggling with addiction and substance use through a harm reduction framework. Through this framework I pay special attention to creating a non-judgmental relationship with clients along every part of their relationship with substance use, be that with the goal of moderation or abstinence.
(510) 726-9553 View (510) 726-9553
Photo of Frances Paola Mulcahy, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Frances Paola Mulcahy
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
As a therapist, my purpose is to accompany you on your path to healing. With a compassionate and flexible approach, I strive to create a warm and engaging therapeutic environment. Drawing from my personal experience as a therapy client and trauma survivor, I understand the importance of having a stable and consistent source of support. The path to healing is a remarkable yet intricate journey, and I want to offer you some practical skills that can help you thrive in spite of adversity.
As a therapist, my purpose is to accompany you on your path to healing. With a compassionate and flexible approach, I strive to create a warm and engaging therapeutic environment. Drawing from my personal experience as a therapy client and trauma survivor, I understand the importance of having a stable and consistent source of support. The path to healing is a remarkable yet intricate journey, and I want to offer you some practical skills that can help you thrive in spite of adversity.
(415) 918-6655 View (415) 918-6655
Photo of Amy Klatzkin, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Amy Klatzkin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, in a rut? Do you or your family have extra challenges because of adoption and pre-adoption history, insecure attachment, trauma, loss, or other complications? For adults and families touched by adoption or trauma, unconditional love and ordinary parenting skills are not always enough to prevent negative behaviors, anxiety, or depression in childhood or later in life. Finding a therapist with special training in these areas can make all the difference.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, in a rut? Do you or your family have extra challenges because of adoption and pre-adoption history, insecure attachment, trauma, loss, or other complications? For adults and families touched by adoption or trauma, unconditional love and ordinary parenting skills are not always enough to prevent negative behaviors, anxiety, or depression in childhood or later in life. Finding a therapist with special training in these areas can make all the difference.
(415) 683-7966 View (415) 683-7966
Photo of Catherine Reid, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Catherine Reid
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I believe in the powerful abilities of a positive therapeutic relationship. I want clients to look forward to coming each week and to feel safe in our space. I appreciate when clients are not afraid to admit what they don't know and are open to new perspectives or experimenting with new ways of doing things. I do not have all the answers and it will likely be you, with my guidance that taps into the answers that are already there. I have a good sense of humor and believe that using a mix of humor, honesty, reflection and compassion can have the greatest impact on helping us heal our hearts and live our best lives.
I believe in the powerful abilities of a positive therapeutic relationship. I want clients to look forward to coming each week and to feel safe in our space. I appreciate when clients are not afraid to admit what they don't know and are open to new perspectives or experimenting with new ways of doing things. I do not have all the answers and it will likely be you, with my guidance that taps into the answers that are already there. I have a good sense of humor and believe that using a mix of humor, honesty, reflection and compassion can have the greatest impact on helping us heal our hearts and live our best lives.
(628) 257-6678 View (628) 257-6678
Photo of Curiosity Meets Compassion - Ketamine And Counseling With Chris Restivo, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Curiosity Meets Compassion - Ketamine And Counseling With Chris Restivo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
As we embark on this journey together, I aspire to provide you with my full attention and engagement, allowing you to experience the benefits of gentle, generous focus. With nearly a decade of experience working with non-ordinary states of consciousness (e.g. psychotic, manic, dissociative, ecstatic, etc.), I'm confident that I can help you manage most anything you're experiencing. You will find our time together has depth due to my background in Jungian theory; yet the somatic (embodied) and trauma-informed approach underlying everything we focus your curious attention on will remain rooted in your felt-sense of the present moment.
As we embark on this journey together, I aspire to provide you with my full attention and engagement, allowing you to experience the benefits of gentle, generous focus. With nearly a decade of experience working with non-ordinary states of consciousness (e.g. psychotic, manic, dissociative, ecstatic, etc.), I'm confident that I can help you manage most anything you're experiencing. You will find our time together has depth due to my background in Jungian theory; yet the somatic (embodied) and trauma-informed approach underlying everything we focus your curious attention on will remain rooted in your felt-sense of the present moment.
(415) 800-4621 View (415) 800-4621
Photo of Denise Chan, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Francisco, CA
Denise Chan
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
Feeling unfulfilled, out of alignment, or frustrated? Wanting a change, but feeling stuck? It can be disorienting to recognize what’s no longer working but not have a clear path forward. Whether you’re processing past trauma, seeking your purpose in life, navigating the next steps in your career, or feeling challenged by romantic relationships or family dynamics, I’m here to explore with you.
Feeling unfulfilled, out of alignment, or frustrated? Wanting a change, but feeling stuck? It can be disorienting to recognize what’s no longer working but not have a clear path forward. Whether you’re processing past trauma, seeking your purpose in life, navigating the next steps in your career, or feeling challenged by romantic relationships or family dynamics, I’m here to explore with you.
(714) 582-1704 View (714) 582-1704
Photo of Melissa Morelli, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Melissa Morelli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical social worker in a private practice in San Francisco. My psychotherapy practice is primarily focused on helping people who are struggling with the effects of trauma, relationship stress, depression, anxiety, substance use and addiction. I have expertise in working with people who have a current or past history with drug & alcohol use and recognize that substance use may result from different psychological, social and biological factors that are unique to each person.
I am a licensed clinical social worker in a private practice in San Francisco. My psychotherapy practice is primarily focused on helping people who are struggling with the effects of trauma, relationship stress, depression, anxiety, substance use and addiction. I have expertise in working with people who have a current or past history with drug & alcohol use and recognize that substance use may result from different psychological, social and biological factors that are unique to each person.
(415) 942-1461 View (415) 942-1461
Photo of Todd Troutman, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Todd Troutman
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
I have been working and teaching in the mental health field for the past 18 years and have helped many people grow, live a more authentic life and form stronger bonds with the ones they love. I believe a good therapeutic relationship forms the foundation from which emotional growth and change occur. I create a warm, playful and collaborative environment where your thoughts and feelings can be safely experienced and explored. Ultimately, a good experience in therapy should help you to become more yourself and feel more secure in who that is.
I have been working and teaching in the mental health field for the past 18 years and have helped many people grow, live a more authentic life and form stronger bonds with the ones they love. I believe a good therapeutic relationship forms the foundation from which emotional growth and change occur. I create a warm, playful and collaborative environment where your thoughts and feelings can be safely experienced and explored. Ultimately, a good experience in therapy should help you to become more yourself and feel more secure in who that is.
(415) 895-2566 View (415) 895-2566
Photo of Stephanie Weissman, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Stephanie Weissman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
We all need tools to help us navigate the difficulties of life. I am lucky to be in a position to help people gain these tools. I love working with my clients; I am always learning from them. I have a down-to-earth, accessible and active approach to my work. I draw from a variety of therapeutic techniques. I am sensitive to the interplay between social, economic, racial, emotional, and neurological factors. I continue to work in community and non-profit settings. In the Spring of 2016, I earned an Advanced Certificate from the Existential Humanistic Institute.
We all need tools to help us navigate the difficulties of life. I am lucky to be in a position to help people gain these tools. I love working with my clients; I am always learning from them. I have a down-to-earth, accessible and active approach to my work. I draw from a variety of therapeutic techniques. I am sensitive to the interplay between social, economic, racial, emotional, and neurological factors. I continue to work in community and non-profit settings. In the Spring of 2016, I earned an Advanced Certificate from the Existential Humanistic Institute.
(650) 489-5447 View (650) 489-5447
Photo of Nathalie Servin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nathalie Servin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Therapy provides a safe container to unlearn who we were conditioned to be. I believe that this experience offers us liberation, which comes from healing our wounds and learning to feel more comfortable being our authentic selves. From a strength-based and trauma-informed approach, I utilize thoughtful questions and share practical tools tailored to your needs so that you leave the session feeling validated and encouraged to achieve your goals.
Therapy provides a safe container to unlearn who we were conditioned to be. I believe that this experience offers us liberation, which comes from healing our wounds and learning to feel more comfortable being our authentic selves. From a strength-based and trauma-informed approach, I utilize thoughtful questions and share practical tools tailored to your needs so that you leave the session feeling validated and encouraged to achieve your goals.
(415) 797-0650 View (415) 797-0650
Photo of Stephen Chen, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Stephen Chen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122
I believe every person has a unique story, and my open, compassionate approach reflects my respect and desire to help. In working together, we will create a therapy plan tailored around your coping style, relational patterns, and most importantly- your goals. No matter what you come in for (anxiety, depression, stress, relationship issues, identity questions, personality issues, career issues, etc.), I will meet you where you are in life, and work actively to understand your situation and collaborate on the best treatment plan.
I believe every person has a unique story, and my open, compassionate approach reflects my respect and desire to help. In working together, we will create a therapy plan tailored around your coping style, relational patterns, and most importantly- your goals. No matter what you come in for (anxiety, depression, stress, relationship issues, identity questions, personality issues, career issues, etc.), I will meet you where you are in life, and work actively to understand your situation and collaborate on the best treatment plan.
(415) 301-4037 View (415) 301-4037
Photo of Dr. James Norwood, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. James Norwood
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
People who come to see me are suffering in some way, whether it be with work, relationships, or other issues, and they want to know why and what they can do about it. Some people have identified the problem as having to do with a mental health diagnosis, stress, intimacy issues, or some other term that has helped them describe the outward appearance of the problem. However, they have come to therapy because these descriptions do not get to the heart of the problem. With time and a good therapist, therapy is the perfect place to confide your thoughts with another and find a better way through the challenges of life.
People who come to see me are suffering in some way, whether it be with work, relationships, or other issues, and they want to know why and what they can do about it. Some people have identified the problem as having to do with a mental health diagnosis, stress, intimacy issues, or some other term that has helped them describe the outward appearance of the problem. However, they have come to therapy because these descriptions do not get to the heart of the problem. With time and a good therapist, therapy is the perfect place to confide your thoughts with another and find a better way through the challenges of life.
(415) 301-4077 View (415) 301-4077
Photo of Avital Wolf, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Avital Wolf
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
I currently have openings for telehealth Sunday-Thursday, especially for relationship sessions (couples and more) for folks who are Polyam+. As I go into my 8th year as a therapist I continue to offer a non judgemental safe space and open ears for those looking for psychological support. I support you through the hot mess that life can be and the hurdles that come up. I offer relational collaborative work where we create you treatment plan together. I maintain a safe(r) space for all race, faith, gender, and sexuality identities, as well as work with people exploring these topics. I look forward to working with you!
I currently have openings for telehealth Sunday-Thursday, especially for relationship sessions (couples and more) for folks who are Polyam+. As I go into my 8th year as a therapist I continue to offer a non judgemental safe space and open ears for those looking for psychological support. I support you through the hot mess that life can be and the hurdles that come up. I offer relational collaborative work where we create you treatment plan together. I maintain a safe(r) space for all race, faith, gender, and sexuality identities, as well as work with people exploring these topics. I look forward to working with you!
(628) 227-6315 View (628) 227-6315
Photo of Ruth Krumbhaar, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ruth Krumbhaar
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA, CYT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Do you want to feel comfortable in your skin? Do you need support dealing with overwhelming emotions, a traumatic life event, or a life transition. I offer a grounding space where you can let your guard down and get to the heart of your personal work. With years of experience and training paired with a warm, playful, and pragmatic spirit. I encourage clients to explore their edge and find the connection between mind, body, behavior, and heart. Clients' unique cultural identity is honored throughout this process. I believe you are the expert on You and I help you connect with this innate wisdom to find your balance and potential.
Do you want to feel comfortable in your skin? Do you need support dealing with overwhelming emotions, a traumatic life event, or a life transition. I offer a grounding space where you can let your guard down and get to the heart of your personal work. With years of experience and training paired with a warm, playful, and pragmatic spirit. I encourage clients to explore their edge and find the connection between mind, body, behavior, and heart. Clients' unique cultural identity is honored throughout this process. I believe you are the expert on You and I help you connect with this innate wisdom to find your balance and potential.
(415) 528-5711 View (415) 528-5711

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.