Therapists in San Francisco, CA

View neighborhoods in San Francisco
Photo of Julia Lehrman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Julia Lehrman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
It is my passion and a privilege to help people struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, trauma, family dynamics, relationship issues, career stress, life transitions, existential angst, and finding meaning and purpose. I welcome people of all types and backgrounds into my practice. I see you as a unique individual and I look forward to getting to know you on a deep level. I am here to support you every step of the way on your journey of self-discovery and healing transformation.
It is my passion and a privilege to help people struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, trauma, family dynamics, relationship issues, career stress, life transitions, existential angst, and finding meaning and purpose. I welcome people of all types and backgrounds into my practice. I see you as a unique individual and I look forward to getting to know you on a deep level. I am here to support you every step of the way on your journey of self-discovery and healing transformation.
(415) 650-4509 View (415) 650-4509
Photo of Yared Torres-Casanas, Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Yared Torres-Casanas
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I love my role as a therapist because I witness times of transformation and realization of one's potential to heal and recover from emotional distress. My genuine, non-judgmental, straightforward, and compassionate personality influences greatly my approach to therapy. Together we will build a therapeutic alliance of honesty, respect, and empathy. I am not an expert on your life. The magic comes from building a therapeutic alliance based on honesty, respect, and empathy where you will feel safe and empowered to explore your own solutions and gain a sense of control over your own thoughts, behaviors, and feelings.
I love my role as a therapist because I witness times of transformation and realization of one's potential to heal and recover from emotional distress. My genuine, non-judgmental, straightforward, and compassionate personality influences greatly my approach to therapy. Together we will build a therapeutic alliance of honesty, respect, and empathy. I am not an expert on your life. The magic comes from building a therapeutic alliance based on honesty, respect, and empathy where you will feel safe and empowered to explore your own solutions and gain a sense of control over your own thoughts, behaviors, and feelings.
(415) 480-0635 View (415) 480-0635
Photo of Brittany Woo, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Brittany Woo
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94127  (Online Only)
I utilize a variety of interventions to help individuals navigate through life transitions, grief, and distress. Social and cultural factors play a significant role in how we perceive the world and how we immerse ourselves in our experiences. Join me in conversations that help you explore the biological, psychological, and socio-cultural aspects of your life in order to help facilitate decision-making, increase self-worth and improve interpersonal relationships and quality of life.
I utilize a variety of interventions to help individuals navigate through life transitions, grief, and distress. Social and cultural factors play a significant role in how we perceive the world and how we immerse ourselves in our experiences. Join me in conversations that help you explore the biological, psychological, and socio-cultural aspects of your life in order to help facilitate decision-making, increase self-worth and improve interpersonal relationships and quality of life.
(628) 888-1203 View (628) 888-1203
Photo of Andrea Bass, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Andrea Bass
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Making positive changes in our lives is not always easy. It often takes courage and strength to reach out for support during challenging times. By connecting more deeply with ourselves, our emotions, our bodies, our creativity, other people and the earth, we can learn to alleviate much suffering. I feel honored to accompany you on your journey while providing skillful guidance and resources along the way. If you have been struggling with depression, grief / loss, anxiety, relationship issues, childhood trauma / abuse or post-traumatic stress disorder I can provide ways for you to find healing, resolution and build resilience.
Making positive changes in our lives is not always easy. It often takes courage and strength to reach out for support during challenging times. By connecting more deeply with ourselves, our emotions, our bodies, our creativity, other people and the earth, we can learn to alleviate much suffering. I feel honored to accompany you on your journey while providing skillful guidance and resources along the way. If you have been struggling with depression, grief / loss, anxiety, relationship issues, childhood trauma / abuse or post-traumatic stress disorder I can provide ways for you to find healing, resolution and build resilience.
(415) 877-1964 View (415) 877-1964
Photo of Pamela Lopez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Pamela Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117
We are currently surviving, learning to navigate our lives during a health crisis. With such a fast pace, I deeply believe therapy provides us the container to check in with ourselves and find that moment to catch up. I invite you to give yourself the gift of three deep breaths - inhale deeply and exhale slowly letting something go repeat another two times. No matter what brings you into therapy, I aim to create a safe space alongside you. Every person is an expert on their own lives and I am here to simply help as WE discover and learn the tools to live a life that feels most authentic to YOU.
We are currently surviving, learning to navigate our lives during a health crisis. With such a fast pace, I deeply believe therapy provides us the container to check in with ourselves and find that moment to catch up. I invite you to give yourself the gift of three deep breaths - inhale deeply and exhale slowly letting something go repeat another two times. No matter what brings you into therapy, I aim to create a safe space alongside you. Every person is an expert on their own lives and I am here to simply help as WE discover and learn the tools to live a life that feels most authentic to YOU.
(415) 366-3970 View (415) 366-3970
Photo of You Exploration with damon johnson, lcsw, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
You Exploration with damon johnson, lcsw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
YOU are desiring clarification and willing to conduct self-exploration. You are troubled by a recent or historical trauma and are seeking peace of mind, restoration of self, or closure. You have noticed a drastic shift in your mood and no explanation for it. Unable to concentrate due to fixation on visions others deny seeing or are receiving commands from a voice not your own. You want tools to help manage daily stressors. You may need an objective "ear" to hear you without judgement. You are here to seek help, let's chat and confirm YOU EXPLORATION with damon johnson, lcsw is the practice to meet your personal/clinical needs.
YOU are desiring clarification and willing to conduct self-exploration. You are troubled by a recent or historical trauma and are seeking peace of mind, restoration of self, or closure. You have noticed a drastic shift in your mood and no explanation for it. Unable to concentrate due to fixation on visions others deny seeing or are receiving commands from a voice not your own. You want tools to help manage daily stressors. You may need an objective "ear" to hear you without judgement. You are here to seek help, let's chat and confirm YOU EXPLORATION with damon johnson, lcsw is the practice to meet your personal/clinical needs.
(628) 500-9064 View (628) 500-9064
Photo of Jodie Stein, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jodie Stein
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
I help purpose-driven people navigate loss—relationships, identity, health, career, the life you imagined for yourself—and find the riches on the other side. My style combines a sharpness of mind, depth of heart, and intuitive wisdom. I’m warm, direct, and real with you. I have a gift for seeing the truth. When a problem or pattern gets named, then it can heal. I trust in your innate healing intelligence and also honor that you want my help and direction in our work.
I help purpose-driven people navigate loss—relationships, identity, health, career, the life you imagined for yourself—and find the riches on the other side. My style combines a sharpness of mind, depth of heart, and intuitive wisdom. I’m warm, direct, and real with you. I have a gift for seeing the truth. When a problem or pattern gets named, then it can heal. I trust in your innate healing intelligence and also honor that you want my help and direction in our work.
(415) 692-6701 View (415) 692-6701
Photo of Dr. Mini Rattu, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Mini Rattu
Psychologist, PsyD, MS
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Are you feeling burned out, anxious about getting things done, or having recurring distressing thoughts? Do you feel stagnant to reach your higher potential? Or maybe you struggle with low self esteem and poor confidence to communicate your needs. Well, you’re not alone! My name is Dr. Mini and I am a Licensed Psychologist with a passion for helping people on their mental health journeys. Life can be tough at times, but with the right support, you’ll learn to turn your obstacles into stepping stones into a better future.
Are you feeling burned out, anxious about getting things done, or having recurring distressing thoughts? Do you feel stagnant to reach your higher potential? Or maybe you struggle with low self esteem and poor confidence to communicate your needs. Well, you’re not alone! My name is Dr. Mini and I am a Licensed Psychologist with a passion for helping people on their mental health journeys. Life can be tough at times, but with the right support, you’ll learn to turn your obstacles into stepping stones into a better future.
(415) 943-4929 View (415) 943-4929
Photo of Rebecca Weinstein, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Rebecca Weinstein
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
As he trekked through the California wilderness, John Muir said, “Going out is really going in.” Psychotherapy is a similar adventure, but one where going in is really going out. The internal journey of self-awareness leads to external change and healing. My hope is that each person experiences the thrill of growth and exploration of their mind. My training in psychodynamic, attachment, and trauma informed techniques has offered me the “gear” required to guide a summit into the psychic mountains, with the pace and route we determine together.
As he trekked through the California wilderness, John Muir said, “Going out is really going in.” Psychotherapy is a similar adventure, but one where going in is really going out. The internal journey of self-awareness leads to external change and healing. My hope is that each person experiences the thrill of growth and exploration of their mind. My training in psychodynamic, attachment, and trauma informed techniques has offered me the “gear” required to guide a summit into the psychic mountains, with the pace and route we determine together.
(415) 200-3628 View (415) 200-3628
Photo of Martine Barbier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Martine Barbier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Are you a BIPOC, or Queer identified individual experiencing burnout? Or perhaps you've been feeling misunderstood as a person with different dreams than what your family wanted for you? Are you conflicted and thinking about making major changes in your life? Maybe you simply need additional support to help you process that next step? Making the decision to begin therapy is an important step toward self care and compassion. I can help you in your journey toward personal growth and healing. I create a warm, respectful and safe environment that gently encourages you to speak about issues that you want to focus on.
Are you a BIPOC, or Queer identified individual experiencing burnout? Or perhaps you've been feeling misunderstood as a person with different dreams than what your family wanted for you? Are you conflicted and thinking about making major changes in your life? Maybe you simply need additional support to help you process that next step? Making the decision to begin therapy is an important step toward self care and compassion. I can help you in your journey toward personal growth and healing. I create a warm, respectful and safe environment that gently encourages you to speak about issues that you want to focus on.
(415) 663-5455 View (415) 663-5455
Photo of Ilona Hrebennikova, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ilona Hrebennikova
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MEd, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Are you struggling with relationships? Are you having the same fight with your partner over and over? Have you lost the emotional connection you used to have? Intimate relationships touch our deepest relational wounds. That's why we can be overwhelmed with the pain they bring and often, at points, feel like giving up. We can heal those wounds and help each other in that process. The kind of couples therapy/marriage counseling and individual therapy that I provide combines deep experiential work with teaching, coaching and practicing many specific relational skills that will set you up for success in all your relationships.
Are you struggling with relationships? Are you having the same fight with your partner over and over? Have you lost the emotional connection you used to have? Intimate relationships touch our deepest relational wounds. That's why we can be overwhelmed with the pain they bring and often, at points, feel like giving up. We can heal those wounds and help each other in that process. The kind of couples therapy/marriage counseling and individual therapy that I provide combines deep experiential work with teaching, coaching and practicing many specific relational skills that will set you up for success in all your relationships.
(415) 212-9993 View (415) 212-9993
Photo of Barbara Ochsner-Walsh, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Barbara Ochsner-Walsh
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94116
With more than 20 yrs as a life coach and now a clinical psychologist as well, I work with the elderly and their family members who are experiencing gerontological issues. This can be either within the family or in a residential setting. I work with couples in primary relationships with external issues that can include unemployment, substance abuse, parenting, as well as those specific to the relationship such as communication difficulties and maintaining a healthy sexual/intimate life. For individuals who are stuck in any area, together we'll identify the issues and how to resolve them.
With more than 20 yrs as a life coach and now a clinical psychologist as well, I work with the elderly and their family members who are experiencing gerontological issues. This can be either within the family or in a residential setting. I work with couples in primary relationships with external issues that can include unemployment, substance abuse, parenting, as well as those specific to the relationship such as communication difficulties and maintaining a healthy sexual/intimate life. For individuals who are stuck in any area, together we'll identify the issues and how to resolve them.
(415) 980-5232 View (415) 980-5232
Photo of Caitlin O'Brient Bauer in San Francisco, CA
Caitlin O'Brient Bauer
ACCG, PCAC, BFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94107  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I provide ADHD, Business, & Life Coaching for adults in the San Francisco Bay Area and beyond. I specialize in working with women in tech, new moms, entrepreneurs, and creatives.
I provide ADHD, Business, & Life Coaching for adults in the San Francisco Bay Area and beyond. I specialize in working with women in tech, new moms, entrepreneurs, and creatives.
View
Photo of Kati Meyers, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kati Meyers
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
What if I told you that your life and your reality are yours to curate? Let's envision the person you could become if you released excuses and embraced purposeful living. As a licensed clinical psychotherapist with over a decade of experience, I specialize in empowering individuals to get out of their own way and be truly intentional in their lives. I am dedicated to guiding clients toward self-discovery and fostering growth. I'm particularly passionate about working with teens, younger and older adults, as well as clients navigating anxiety, panic attacks, and professional burnout.
What if I told you that your life and your reality are yours to curate? Let's envision the person you could become if you released excuses and embraced purposeful living. As a licensed clinical psychotherapist with over a decade of experience, I specialize in empowering individuals to get out of their own way and be truly intentional in their lives. I am dedicated to guiding clients toward self-discovery and fostering growth. I'm particularly passionate about working with teens, younger and older adults, as well as clients navigating anxiety, panic attacks, and professional burnout.
(415) 758-4051 View (415) 758-4051
Photo of Dr. Ericka Hofmeyer, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Ericka Hofmeyer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
Dr. Ericka Hofmeyer is a psychotherapist licensed in CA. She received her MA in psychology from Antioch University in Los Angeles and her PhD in Clinical Psychology from the Pacific Graduate Institute. She trained with psychoanalysts, provided psychological testing and assessments, developed behavioral health training modules, established programming for young adults with neurodivergence, and completed her dissertation with Women In Long Term Recovery From Alcoholism.
Dr. Ericka Hofmeyer is a psychotherapist licensed in CA. She received her MA in psychology from Antioch University in Los Angeles and her PhD in Clinical Psychology from the Pacific Graduate Institute. She trained with psychoanalysts, provided psychological testing and assessments, developed behavioral health training modules, established programming for young adults with neurodivergence, and completed her dissertation with Women In Long Term Recovery From Alcoholism.
(415) 874-0969 View (415) 874-0969
Photo of Teressa Armstrong, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Teressa Armstrong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Everyone runs into trouble at some point in their life. When they do, they often benefit from talking to someone who isn't primarily their friend or member of their family, someone who is empathic, curious, non-judgmental, and relentlessly focused on helping you feel better. Therapy isn't a one-size-fits-all enterprise, but has to tailored to what you need. Whether it's about simply feeling less anxious or depressed, or mastering an inhibition or block you've had all your life, therapy can get you back on the track you once were on or want to be on.
Everyone runs into trouble at some point in their life. When they do, they often benefit from talking to someone who isn't primarily their friend or member of their family, someone who is empathic, curious, non-judgmental, and relentlessly focused on helping you feel better. Therapy isn't a one-size-fits-all enterprise, but has to tailored to what you need. Whether it's about simply feeling less anxious or depressed, or mastering an inhibition or block you've had all your life, therapy can get you back on the track you once were on or want to be on.
(415) 630-4514 View (415) 630-4514
Photo of Yalith Fonfa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Yalith Fonfa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Would you like to feel more at ease and present in your life? Are you ready to work through and move on from past experiences that are still hurting you? Are you struggling with substances or behaviors that are no longer serving you? Do you want to understand yourself better so you can live your life fully and authentically? I help my clients recover, heal and transform their lives.
Would you like to feel more at ease and present in your life? Are you ready to work through and move on from past experiences that are still hurting you? Are you struggling with substances or behaviors that are no longer serving you? Do you want to understand yourself better so you can live your life fully and authentically? I help my clients recover, heal and transform their lives.
(415) 363-6239 View (415) 363-6239
Photo of Sharon Epel, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sharon Epel
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, MS
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
If you're feeling unhappy in your relationships and life, dissatisfied, scared, or stuck, I can help guide you towards greater well-being. I will offer you practical real-world tools and real insight to help you figure out not just what you need to be happier and more fulfilled, but how to get there. By the end of each session, I aim to help you feel you've learned something about yourself or your relationships, and that you're leaving with new approaches or ideas to try in your life. I work with individuals, young adults, parents, and couples, offering support, skills and insight to navigate life transitions and relationships.
If you're feeling unhappy in your relationships and life, dissatisfied, scared, or stuck, I can help guide you towards greater well-being. I will offer you practical real-world tools and real insight to help you figure out not just what you need to be happier and more fulfilled, but how to get there. By the end of each session, I aim to help you feel you've learned something about yourself or your relationships, and that you're leaving with new approaches or ideas to try in your life. I work with individuals, young adults, parents, and couples, offering support, skills and insight to navigate life transitions and relationships.
(415) 858-1939 View (415) 858-1939
Photo of Dave Cooperberg, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Dave Cooperberg
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117
Feeling stuck in life, work or relationships? Living too long with anxiety or depression? Struggling with grief or trauma? Perhaps you just want to live a more joyous, lively and value centered life. Our needs often overlap between personal growth and in-depth psychotherapy. Working from the here-and-now, I have been assisting people enrich their lives since 1978.
Feeling stuck in life, work or relationships? Living too long with anxiety or depression? Struggling with grief or trauma? Perhaps you just want to live a more joyous, lively and value centered life. Our needs often overlap between personal growth and in-depth psychotherapy. Working from the here-and-now, I have been assisting people enrich their lives since 1978.
(628) 333-2193 View (628) 333-2193
Photo of Ellen Suski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ellen Suski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Ellen Suski, I go by Elly. I am a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW). I have been working in the mental health field for almost 9 years and providing therapy for about 5 years. I have experience working with individuals with depression, anxiety, and ADHD as well as concerns around interpersonal relationships and stress management (related to work, school, family, and friends). My approach to therapy includes allowing the client to guide the direction of each session. I choose this approach as I do not like my clients to feel forced to speak on a topic or area in their life that they aren’t comfortable with yet.
Hello, my name is Ellen Suski, I go by Elly. I am a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW). I have been working in the mental health field for almost 9 years and providing therapy for about 5 years. I have experience working with individuals with depression, anxiety, and ADHD as well as concerns around interpersonal relationships and stress management (related to work, school, family, and friends). My approach to therapy includes allowing the client to guide the direction of each session. I choose this approach as I do not like my clients to feel forced to speak on a topic or area in their life that they aren’t comfortable with yet.
(415) 985-1645 View (415) 985-1645

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.