Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Grace Molloy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Grace Molloy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ESFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19129  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker providing individual and family therapy services. I am LGBTQ-affirming and specialize in working with teens, young adults, and families around depression, suicidality, gender and sexuality, neurodiversity, and trauma. Therapy can be a vulnerable and formative process, and it is important to find a therapist that feels like a good fit for you! I practice from a relational, social-justice-oriented, trauma-informed, systemic lens. I believe that change comes from authentic connection between a client and a therapist, involvement of a supportive network, and a mutual collaboration around treatment.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker providing individual and family therapy services. I am LGBTQ-affirming and specialize in working with teens, young adults, and families around depression, suicidality, gender and sexuality, neurodiversity, and trauma. Therapy can be a vulnerable and formative process, and it is important to find a therapist that feels like a good fit for you! I practice from a relational, social-justice-oriented, trauma-informed, systemic lens. I believe that change comes from authentic connection between a client and a therapist, involvement of a supportive network, and a mutual collaboration around treatment.
(215) 392-4097 View (215) 392-4097
Photo of Maya Cox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Maya Cox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
As a seasoned Clinical Social Worker with over 12 years of dedicated experience, I bring a compassionate and solution-focused approach to my work. Throughout my career, I have developed a profound expertise in addressing a wide range of complex issues, including anxiety, depression, issues surrounding interpersonal issues and relationships, and various other life challenges.
As a seasoned Clinical Social Worker with over 12 years of dedicated experience, I bring a compassionate and solution-focused approach to my work. Throughout my career, I have developed a profound expertise in addressing a wide range of complex issues, including anxiety, depression, issues surrounding interpersonal issues and relationships, and various other life challenges.
(484) 897-6226 View (484) 897-6226
Photo of Colleen Keller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Colleen Keller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Are you feeling tired and overwhelmed by all that is going on in your life right now? Maybe you feel like you have too many balls in the air or that something in your life is just not working as well as it could be. Are you anxious or fearful of not making the right decision in your personal or professional life? You want help with it all, but you don't even know where to begin. If so, you don’t have to shoulder these burdens on your own. I will help you take a step back, breath, and look at what's working well in your life and what needs exploration to be different or better.
Are you feeling tired and overwhelmed by all that is going on in your life right now? Maybe you feel like you have too many balls in the air or that something in your life is just not working as well as it could be. Are you anxious or fearful of not making the right decision in your personal or professional life? You want help with it all, but you don't even know where to begin. If so, you don’t have to shoulder these burdens on your own. I will help you take a step back, breath, and look at what's working well in your life and what needs exploration to be different or better.
(267) 489-2617 View (267) 489-2617
Photo of Janine McFadden, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Janine McFadden
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Navigating relationships can be hard can't they? Making the decision to separate from your family can be stressful. Feeling satisfied and fulfilled in your season of singleness comes with its challenges. Single parenting and life after separation or divorce can be overwhelming. You don't have to do it alone.
Navigating relationships can be hard can't they? Making the decision to separate from your family can be stressful. Feeling satisfied and fulfilled in your season of singleness comes with its challenges. Single parenting and life after separation or divorce can be overwhelming. You don't have to do it alone.
(484) 573-7159 View (484) 573-7159
Photo of Melanie Swencki, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Melanie Swencki
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Melanie! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 25 years of experience as a clinician in a variety of settings.
Hi, I'm Melanie! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 25 years of experience as a clinician in a variety of settings.
(484) 715-0786 View (484) 715-0786
Photo of Eric J. Gremminger, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Eric J. Gremminger
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, ICADC, SAP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19125
Having difficulty finding satisfaction in life without the use of drugs and alcohol? There are many paths to addiction and many paths to recovery. Together we will identify the best recovery path for you, set tangible, achievable treatment goals, and build upon your existing strengths through a self-directed process that I've been teaching for close to a decade. There is a better version of you waiting to be revealed--let's remove the obscurities so you can thrive.
Having difficulty finding satisfaction in life without the use of drugs and alcohol? There are many paths to addiction and many paths to recovery. Together we will identify the best recovery path for you, set tangible, achievable treatment goals, and build upon your existing strengths through a self-directed process that I've been teaching for close to a decade. There is a better version of you waiting to be revealed--let's remove the obscurities so you can thrive.
(215) 709-2878 View (215) 709-2878
Photo of Marla DiMercurio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Marla DiMercurio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Marla DiMercurio is a licensed clinical social worker in the state of Pennsylvania. She has over 7 years of experience providing care for adults, couples, and families seeking help with processing trauma, anxiety, depression, spirituality, LGBTQI, and gender issues. Marla completed her Master of Social Work (MSW) at Rutgers University. She got her Bachelor of Psychology and Religious Studies from Virginia Commonwealth University where she studied Eastern Religion and Philosophy. She was classically trained in meditation by the gracious religious leaders at her local temple.
Marla DiMercurio is a licensed clinical social worker in the state of Pennsylvania. She has over 7 years of experience providing care for adults, couples, and families seeking help with processing trauma, anxiety, depression, spirituality, LGBTQI, and gender issues. Marla completed her Master of Social Work (MSW) at Rutgers University. She got her Bachelor of Psychology and Religious Studies from Virginia Commonwealth University where she studied Eastern Religion and Philosophy. She was classically trained in meditation by the gracious religious leaders at her local temple.
(267) 440-6039 View (267) 440-6039
Photo of Patrick S Walden, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Patrick S Walden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147
I’m a psychotherapist and EMDR Practitioner based in Philadelphia. I help adults from all over the US heal from trauma using talk therapy, EMDR therapy and healing intensives. If you’ve experienced trauma, you’ll know just how much hold it can have over your life. Daily flashbacks, isolation, anxiety, nervousness, nightmares, and insomnia can bring life to a halt. Using EMDR, I've seen amazing results with my clients.
I’m a psychotherapist and EMDR Practitioner based in Philadelphia. I help adults from all over the US heal from trauma using talk therapy, EMDR therapy and healing intensives. If you’ve experienced trauma, you’ll know just how much hold it can have over your life. Daily flashbacks, isolation, anxiety, nervousness, nightmares, and insomnia can bring life to a halt. Using EMDR, I've seen amazing results with my clients.
(267) 365-3416 View (267) 365-3416
Photo of Heidi Unterberg, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Heidi Unterberg
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Does it feel like life decisions are sometimes, mostly, or always difficult to make? Does it feel like others do not value those life decisions or put you down? Do relationships seem to just fall apart for no apparent reason? Is work-life balance overwhelming and exhaustive? Is it hard to be kind to yourself or even others? Does nothing in life seem to go right no matter how hard you work or try to please others? Do you feel defeated? Are there feelings that have become more difficult to control? Feeling shamed, embarrassed, or disgusted toward yourself? You are now in the right place at the right time to start feeling better!
Does it feel like life decisions are sometimes, mostly, or always difficult to make? Does it feel like others do not value those life decisions or put you down? Do relationships seem to just fall apart for no apparent reason? Is work-life balance overwhelming and exhaustive? Is it hard to be kind to yourself or even others? Does nothing in life seem to go right no matter how hard you work or try to please others? Do you feel defeated? Are there feelings that have become more difficult to control? Feeling shamed, embarrassed, or disgusted toward yourself? You are now in the right place at the right time to start feeling better!
(484) 559-6662 View (484) 559-6662
Photo of Michele J Rosario, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Michele J Rosario
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CEAP, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107  (Online Only)
Feeling helpless? Are you committed to self-improvement, but overwhelmed with where to start? Wanting to understand the symptoms you are experiencing or examine the obstacles in life requires help of an honest, direct, solution focused clinician. Anxiety, co-dependent patterns such as "people pleasing" or just trying to understand an experience, starting with the truth of the reality in front of you is where we can meet and start. Every focused, achieving individual wants to "fix it" or do whatever it takes to feel better to live better. By applying some "curiosity," shame and judgement can decrease and hope can increase.
Feeling helpless? Are you committed to self-improvement, but overwhelmed with where to start? Wanting to understand the symptoms you are experiencing or examine the obstacles in life requires help of an honest, direct, solution focused clinician. Anxiety, co-dependent patterns such as "people pleasing" or just trying to understand an experience, starting with the truth of the reality in front of you is where we can meet and start. Every focused, achieving individual wants to "fix it" or do whatever it takes to feel better to live better. By applying some "curiosity," shame and judgement can decrease and hope can increase.
(215) 910-4855 View (215) 910-4855
Photo of Maria Ximena Cortada, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Maria Ximena Cortada
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Maria Ximena, a licensed psychotherapist, that's passionate about improving the lives of others by fostering mental health well-being. If you're seeking a therapist that works with you side by side, focusing on your strengths while intervening in areas that need attention, then you are in the right place.
Hi, my name is Maria Ximena, a licensed psychotherapist, that's passionate about improving the lives of others by fostering mental health well-being. If you're seeking a therapist that works with you side by side, focusing on your strengths while intervening in areas that need attention, then you are in the right place.
(484) 739-8277 View (484) 739-8277
Photo of Fox Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Fox Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19146
I hope together we can create a safe space to explore life’s challenges, successes and everything in between. I recognize coming to therapy can be difficult, so I strive to provide a comfortable environment filled with empathy and support. I specialize in working collaboratively with young adults and adults experiencing a variety of challenges including anxiety, depression, body image, eating disorders, unhealthy relationships and mood disorders.
I hope together we can create a safe space to explore life’s challenges, successes and everything in between. I recognize coming to therapy can be difficult, so I strive to provide a comfortable environment filled with empathy and support. I specialize in working collaboratively with young adults and adults experiencing a variety of challenges including anxiety, depression, body image, eating disorders, unhealthy relationships and mood disorders.
(856) 644-1260 View (856) 644-1260
Photo of Adedamola Fawole, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Adedamola Fawole
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124
I find a lot of times when people start searching for a therapist it's because they are in need of help. You've found yourself feeling overwhelmed, confused, stressed, the list goes on. You've gotten to a place where you no longer want to depend on those closest to you for support but rather than seek professional help. If this is you, I'm here to tell you that 1st you are not alone. Book your appointment and lets get started on your healing journey.
I find a lot of times when people start searching for a therapist it's because they are in need of help. You've found yourself feeling overwhelmed, confused, stressed, the list goes on. You've gotten to a place where you no longer want to depend on those closest to you for support but rather than seek professional help. If this is you, I'm here to tell you that 1st you are not alone. Book your appointment and lets get started on your healing journey.
(267) 668-0410 View (267) 668-0410
Photo of Jenna Spitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Jenna Spitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Waitlist for new clients
You're looking to improve your relationships. You could use help navigating conflict, uncertainty, change, and loss. You're ambitious and motivated (maybe a bit of a perfectionist) and get bogged down by others' expectations or opinions. With humor and warmth, I'll help you to show up authentically for yourself, your loved ones, and your community. Together, we’ll explore how to build the joyful relationships you want, break unhelpful patterns, and heal the wounds that could be holding you back from finding personal growth and pleasure in your daily life.
You're looking to improve your relationships. You could use help navigating conflict, uncertainty, change, and loss. You're ambitious and motivated (maybe a bit of a perfectionist) and get bogged down by others' expectations or opinions. With humor and warmth, I'll help you to show up authentically for yourself, your loved ones, and your community. Together, we’ll explore how to build the joyful relationships you want, break unhelpful patterns, and heal the wounds that could be holding you back from finding personal growth and pleasure in your daily life.
(215) 608-0413 View (215) 608-0413
Photo of Megan E Remsen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Megan E Remsen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Contemporary life does not offer us many opportunities for reflecting and slowing down. Coming to therapy is a way of prioritizing these practices and making meaning of the dynamics that structure our reality. Change is intrinsic to the human experience, and yet many of us become fearful of change or stuck in patterns and relationships that do not serve us. I strive to provide a secure environment to work alongside individuals as they define and develop the fabric of their identity, confront the sources of their distress, and integrate already existing strengths and resources into a more cohesive experience of who they are.
Contemporary life does not offer us many opportunities for reflecting and slowing down. Coming to therapy is a way of prioritizing these practices and making meaning of the dynamics that structure our reality. Change is intrinsic to the human experience, and yet many of us become fearful of change or stuck in patterns and relationships that do not serve us. I strive to provide a secure environment to work alongside individuals as they define and develop the fabric of their identity, confront the sources of their distress, and integrate already existing strengths and resources into a more cohesive experience of who they are.
(267) 848-9366 View (267) 848-9366
Photo of Paul Renn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Paul Renn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19146
When we experience loss, unwanted change, or trauma it can shake our foundations and lead to pain, confusion, and heartache. While we can't prevent life from happening or undo what we've been through, my practice is based on a deeply held belief in the ability for all of us to heal and resume living with meaning and purpose. Recognizing where you're feeling blocked, stuck, or hurt will inform where we focus our efforts. Granting ourselves full permission to feel and express the depth of our feelings is instrumental to healing and growth.
When we experience loss, unwanted change, or trauma it can shake our foundations and lead to pain, confusion, and heartache. While we can't prevent life from happening or undo what we've been through, my practice is based on a deeply held belief in the ability for all of us to heal and resume living with meaning and purpose. Recognizing where you're feeling blocked, stuck, or hurt will inform where we focus our efforts. Granting ourselves full permission to feel and express the depth of our feelings is instrumental to healing and growth.
(215) 631-8255 View (215) 631-8255
Photo of Ross Hunter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Ross Hunter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
If you are someone who is seeking healing and growth in a safe therapeutic space, then I believe you've come to the right place. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, grief, and difficult life transitions, in addition to working with a number of different other psychological issues, such as substance use, trauma, self-esteem, men’s issues, anger, relationships problems, and ADHD. I integrate various therapeutic models in my work, including CBT, Existential Psychotherapy, ACT, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
If you are someone who is seeking healing and growth in a safe therapeutic space, then I believe you've come to the right place. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, grief, and difficult life transitions, in addition to working with a number of different other psychological issues, such as substance use, trauma, self-esteem, men’s issues, anger, relationships problems, and ADHD. I integrate various therapeutic models in my work, including CBT, Existential Psychotherapy, ACT, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
(484) 559-6466 View (484) 559-6466
Photo of Ashley Nicole Tomlinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Ashley Nicole Tomlinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19125  (Online Only)
I am a patient and empathic therapist who is passionate about connecting with others and supporting them on their paths toward growth. I strongly believe that each person holds within them the strength to overcome life's challenges and may benefit from reflection, guidance and skills gained working with a therapist to get there.I am an integrative therapist who draws from relational psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based techniques as fits the needs of individual clients.​I work with adult clients, and also have the experience and therapeutic expertise to work with child and adolescent clients.
I am a patient and empathic therapist who is passionate about connecting with others and supporting them on their paths toward growth. I strongly believe that each person holds within them the strength to overcome life's challenges and may benefit from reflection, guidance and skills gained working with a therapist to get there.I am an integrative therapist who draws from relational psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based techniques as fits the needs of individual clients.​I work with adult clients, and also have the experience and therapeutic expertise to work with child and adolescent clients.
(215) 709-9475 View (215) 709-9475
Photo of Samantha Baggott Shtofman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Samantha Baggott Shtofman
Licensed Professional Counselor, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19144  (Online Only)
Hey! I'm glad you're here. You've taken a great step in pursuing positive change for yourself and I would be honored to be a part of your journey. My typical client may identify themselves as "a people pleaser," "the strong friend," "the reliable one," and struggle to identify and address their own needs. If you're here, you may recognize the need to change and adjust your relationships accordingly. Change is hard and sometimes it's easier to stay in the same rhythm, even when change would have a positive impact on your life. If you're ready to take the steps, I am ready to support you in finding the best methods to make it happen.
Hey! I'm glad you're here. You've taken a great step in pursuing positive change for yourself and I would be honored to be a part of your journey. My typical client may identify themselves as "a people pleaser," "the strong friend," "the reliable one," and struggle to identify and address their own needs. If you're here, you may recognize the need to change and adjust your relationships accordingly. Change is hard and sometimes it's easier to stay in the same rhythm, even when change would have a positive impact on your life. If you're ready to take the steps, I am ready to support you in finding the best methods to make it happen.
(267) 704-8868 View (267) 704-8868
Photo of Sophie Foster Fink, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Sophie Foster Fink
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who provides individual, and family therapy to children, adolescents, and adults in the greater Philadelphia area. I see therapy as a collaborative effort focused on helping you find balance, insight, and ease both inside and out. Whether you are facing relationship issues, stressful life circumstances, or processing the aftermath of upsetting experiences, I hope to provide a space that is both judgment free and healing.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who provides individual, and family therapy to children, adolescents, and adults in the greater Philadelphia area. I see therapy as a collaborative effort focused on helping you find balance, insight, and ease both inside and out. Whether you are facing relationship issues, stressful life circumstances, or processing the aftermath of upsetting experiences, I hope to provide a space that is both judgment free and healing.
(267) 733-6409 View (267) 733-6409

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.