Therapists in Edina, MN

Photo of David Frovarp in Edina, MN
David Frovarp
APRN, CNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439  (Online Only)
As a provider with a passion to help my clients improve their quality of life and meet their goals, the ideal client would be any individual willing to work together towards building open communication and trust. It is important to me that my clients understand I am here to support and empower them as they take steps to better themselves. It is often helpful to help encourage those being seen to express where they hope to be and what they seek to accomplish to put together a realistic plan of care in doing what we can together to help meet those objectives.
As a provider with a passion to help my clients improve their quality of life and meet their goals, the ideal client would be any individual willing to work together towards building open communication and trust. It is important to me that my clients understand I am here to support and empower them as they take steps to better themselves. It is often helpful to help encourage those being seen to express where they hope to be and what they seek to accomplish to put together a realistic plan of care in doing what we can together to help meet those objectives.
(952) 592-1413 View (952) 592-1413
Photo of Priyanka Rao, Psychologist in Edina, MN
Priyanka Rao
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55424  (Online Only)
You usually have it all together, but right now you find yourself stressed out, overwhelmed, or unsure of what steps to take. Sometimes it feels like things may not get better, and other times you feel like the people around you just don’t understand what you’re going through. If you’re struggling within a relationship, you may feel frustrated to realize that you no longer recognize the person next to you. I know that life can be challenging sometimes, and I know how much courage and resilience it takes to reach out for help.
You usually have it all together, but right now you find yourself stressed out, overwhelmed, or unsure of what steps to take. Sometimes it feels like things may not get better, and other times you feel like the people around you just don’t understand what you’re going through. If you’re struggling within a relationship, you may feel frustrated to realize that you no longer recognize the person next to you. I know that life can be challenging sometimes, and I know how much courage and resilience it takes to reach out for help.
(612) 887-9632 View (612) 887-9632
Photo of Sandy Sample, Marriage & Family Therapist in Edina, MN
Sandy Sample
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55439
My specialties are relationship counseling and EMDR for trauma. I have advanced training in EMDR and am Certified through EMDRIA. The world is a challenging place as we learn about - or experience - harmful events. I understand that coping with your own personal challenges can be daunting at times. I effectively use feedback, self-evaluating questions, and reflection -- leading to happiness and fulfillment. I also tell my clients that I might have certain insights by looking at patterns, behaviors, and habits they don't realize are present. Sessions via computer and phone offered.
My specialties are relationship counseling and EMDR for trauma. I have advanced training in EMDR and am Certified through EMDRIA. The world is a challenging place as we learn about - or experience - harmful events. I understand that coping with your own personal challenges can be daunting at times. I effectively use feedback, self-evaluating questions, and reflection -- leading to happiness and fulfillment. I also tell my clients that I might have certain insights by looking at patterns, behaviors, and habits they don't realize are present. Sessions via computer and phone offered.
(952) 295-3573 View (952) 295-3573
Photo of Tonio Gonzales Ogas, Pre-Licensed Professional in Edina, MN
Tonio Gonzales Ogas
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55435  (Online Only)
I've worked with a myriad of clients and patients over the 26-year course of my social work career. I went back to grad school in 2015 to pursue my MSW and completed that in 2018 and my journey to become a therapist continues. I love working in a small private practice setting and the environment has nurtured my creativity and curiosity as a therapist which has allowed me to bring my own flare to the scope of my practice. I have an affinity for BIPOC communities, LGBTQ+ individuals, and individuals who have experienced various forms of trauma throughout their lifetime. I'm poly-and-other-relationship-types friendly.
I've worked with a myriad of clients and patients over the 26-year course of my social work career. I went back to grad school in 2015 to pursue my MSW and completed that in 2018 and my journey to become a therapist continues. I love working in a small private practice setting and the environment has nurtured my creativity and curiosity as a therapist which has allowed me to bring my own flare to the scope of my practice. I have an affinity for BIPOC communities, LGBTQ+ individuals, and individuals who have experienced various forms of trauma throughout their lifetime. I'm poly-and-other-relationship-types friendly.
(952) 777-8920 View (952) 777-8920
Photo of Marguerite Ohrtman, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Edina, MN
Marguerite Ohrtman
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, EdD, LPCC, NCC, LSC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439
My hope is to help you through the journey by coaching, encouraging, challenging, and supporting you through your next transition. I believe in having an open, authentic, and genuine relationship with you. I want to help you regain control, build trust in yourself, and help you make the changes that you want. We all lead busy lives and it is important that you take care of yourself. I want to support you make changes that make your life not just good but better. I also offer telehealth sessions so you don't need to leave the comfort of your home or office!
My hope is to help you through the journey by coaching, encouraging, challenging, and supporting you through your next transition. I believe in having an open, authentic, and genuine relationship with you. I want to help you regain control, build trust in yourself, and help you make the changes that you want. We all lead busy lives and it is important that you take care of yourself. I want to support you make changes that make your life not just good but better. I also offer telehealth sessions so you don't need to leave the comfort of your home or office!
(612) 712-5244 View (612) 712-5244
Photo of Jeff Steffenson, Psychologist in Edina, MN
Jeff Steffenson
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55424
My father was an alcoholic who drank to coverup anxiety and depression and eventually died from it. His life and subsequent death has had a significant impact on me. I couldn't save him but I realized from an early age that I wanted to help others with their problems. Perhaps you have a difficult situation or feel stuck or discouraged. Together we will work to build a supportive and safe relationship; identify and clarify issues; help you tell your unique story; and develop strategies for action so that you can make positive changes and move forward in your life.
My father was an alcoholic who drank to coverup anxiety and depression and eventually died from it. His life and subsequent death has had a significant impact on me. I couldn't save him but I realized from an early age that I wanted to help others with their problems. Perhaps you have a difficult situation or feel stuck or discouraged. Together we will work to build a supportive and safe relationship; identify and clarify issues; help you tell your unique story; and develop strategies for action so that you can make positive changes and move forward in your life.
(651) 252-4998 View (651) 252-4998
Photo of Jen McVann, Marriage & Family Therapist in Edina, MN
Jen McVann
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55424
At some point in our lives, many of us look around and realize we no longer like the life we've built - or maybe even who we've become while living it. We may even feel we should like it, but somehow it no longer fits. I build relationships with clients, creating a safe place to explore and express these feelings. Therapy creates change by examining the experiences and beliefs that contribute to feeling stuck and make it harder to hear our own, often elusive, inner knowing. I love working with clients to address the issues holding them back so they can create a life and self that excites them again.
At some point in our lives, many of us look around and realize we no longer like the life we've built - or maybe even who we've become while living it. We may even feel we should like it, but somehow it no longer fits. I build relationships with clients, creating a safe place to explore and express these feelings. Therapy creates change by examining the experiences and beliefs that contribute to feeling stuck and make it harder to hear our own, often elusive, inner knowing. I love working with clients to address the issues holding them back so they can create a life and self that excites them again.
(612) 524-8008 View (612) 524-8008
Photo of Carol Woodbury, Marriage & Family Therapist in Edina, MN
Carol Woodbury
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LMFT
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55424
Are you resisting taking focused action in a desired personal growth, relationship or career direction? What are the possible obstacles and favorite procrastinations that could be blocking your successful forward progress? My goal is to help you achieve your life's goals and desires, helping you learn and integrate the needed skills to enhance the quality of your life and relationships. I operate out of the belief that you know you best and my work is to help you realize this inner-wisdom and to live it fully.
Are you resisting taking focused action in a desired personal growth, relationship or career direction? What are the possible obstacles and favorite procrastinations that could be blocking your successful forward progress? My goal is to help you achieve your life's goals and desires, helping you learn and integrate the needed skills to enhance the quality of your life and relationships. I operate out of the belief that you know you best and my work is to help you realize this inner-wisdom and to live it fully.
(952) 314-5379 View (952) 314-5379
Photo of Jenika Rufer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Edina, MN
Jenika Rufer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439
What’s not to love about Jenika? She has such a kind and warm presence, you can tell why she is in this career. She is the type of therapist that will bring a very relaxed, chill vibe. She’s very present and interested, which is nice to have when you need someone to look at your life with you. Jenika says “I believe my clients know themselves best and my part is to illuminate strengths, point out barriers, and help navigate challenges that are bound to arise in this human experience to bring you closer to your favorite version of yourself.”
What’s not to love about Jenika? She has such a kind and warm presence, you can tell why she is in this career. She is the type of therapist that will bring a very relaxed, chill vibe. She’s very present and interested, which is nice to have when you need someone to look at your life with you. Jenika says “I believe my clients know themselves best and my part is to illuminate strengths, point out barriers, and help navigate challenges that are bound to arise in this human experience to bring you closer to your favorite version of yourself.”
(952) 592-5238 View (952) 592-5238
Photo of Tiffany M. Anderson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Edina, MN
Tiffany M. Anderson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LAMFT
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55439
Finding your ‘Aha’ moment is something that we can strive for together. I truly believe in the power of self, while also empowering, validating & advocating for you to tell YOUR story! I am sex positive & have experience working with adults, adolescents, couples & families from all walks of life & with a variety of mental health backgrounds; sexuality, depression, anxiety & life transitions, etc. My therapeutic style will feel very conversational & less psychoanalytical, I also propose therapy from a humanistic & solution- focused approach.
Finding your ‘Aha’ moment is something that we can strive for together. I truly believe in the power of self, while also empowering, validating & advocating for you to tell YOUR story! I am sex positive & have experience working with adults, adolescents, couples & families from all walks of life & with a variety of mental health backgrounds; sexuality, depression, anxiety & life transitions, etc. My therapeutic style will feel very conversational & less psychoanalytical, I also propose therapy from a humanistic & solution- focused approach.
(651) 615-5082 View (651) 615-5082
Photo of Marjorie Keyes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edina, MN
Marjorie Keyes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55435
I am a licensed independent clinical social worker with 20 years of experience working with adults throughout the lifespan. More people than ever are experiencing issues related to burnout, isolation, loneliness, illness and trauma. Sometimes it is too difficult to address these issues alone. My work is client centered and relational. I work to partner with you to help you build resilience and increase your own sense of wellness. Additionally, I view my work through the lens of social justice, cultural humility and neurobiology ( mind/body connection).
I am a licensed independent clinical social worker with 20 years of experience working with adults throughout the lifespan. More people than ever are experiencing issues related to burnout, isolation, loneliness, illness and trauma. Sometimes it is too difficult to address these issues alone. My work is client centered and relational. I work to partner with you to help you build resilience and increase your own sense of wellness. Additionally, I view my work through the lens of social justice, cultural humility and neurobiology ( mind/body connection).
(952) 234-7584 View (952) 234-7584
Photo of Brenda R. Peabody, Psychologist in Edina, MN
Brenda R. Peabody
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55435
My personal philosophy and professional approach to therapy is based on the belief that when therapeutic objectives are developed collaboratively between the client and therapist, there will be greater productivity and ultimate success of the treatment. The methodologies and theoretical applications that I use are a conglomerate of tools based on extensive academic training in health psychology, which includes the scientific study of the bio-chemical and neuro-physiological processes of the human brain & body and its effect on emotions, thoughts, perception and behavior; and furthermore incorporates the use of cognitive-behavioral, psycho-analytical, object relations, multi-cultural and humanistic perspectives.
My personal philosophy and professional approach to therapy is based on the belief that when therapeutic objectives are developed collaboratively between the client and therapist, there will be greater productivity and ultimate success of the treatment. The methodologies and theoretical applications that I use are a conglomerate of tools based on extensive academic training in health psychology, which includes the scientific study of the bio-chemical and neuro-physiological processes of the human brain & body and its effect on emotions, thoughts, perception and behavior; and furthermore incorporates the use of cognitive-behavioral, psycho-analytical, object relations, multi-cultural and humanistic perspectives.
(651) 456-8018 View (651) 456-8018
Photo of Allison Cunningham, Pre-Licensed Professional in Edina, MN
Allison Cunningham
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MHP
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55439
Are you experiencing depression, anxiety, or chronic pain? Are you part of the LGBTQ+ community? I have a passion for helping people like you to navigate difficult circumstances in life through various forms of therapy to reach purposeful change. I am also trained in Brainspotting, a somatic treatment approach designed to help you access and process painful emotions and memories.
Are you experiencing depression, anxiety, or chronic pain? Are you part of the LGBTQ+ community? I have a passion for helping people like you to navigate difficult circumstances in life through various forms of therapy to reach purposeful change. I am also trained in Brainspotting, a somatic treatment approach designed to help you access and process painful emotions and memories.
(952) 592-1711 View (952) 592-1711
Photo of Elise M. Sanders, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edina, MN
Elise M. Sanders
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55410  (Online Only)
When you feel overwhelmed by current conflicts, bound up in a difficult life transition or broken by trauma - then it is time to seek a guide who will hold a safe space, help repair ruptures, see patterns within patterns, and free you to redesign your interior spaces. In therapy we will pull together the threads of your being and weave them into a unique expression, supporting a sense of inner harmony and vitality. All aspects of you, emotional, mental, physical and spiritual, are gathered in to this process as we create healing pathways and animate your core strengths.
When you feel overwhelmed by current conflicts, bound up in a difficult life transition or broken by trauma - then it is time to seek a guide who will hold a safe space, help repair ruptures, see patterns within patterns, and free you to redesign your interior spaces. In therapy we will pull together the threads of your being and weave them into a unique expression, supporting a sense of inner harmony and vitality. All aspects of you, emotional, mental, physical and spiritual, are gathered in to this process as we create healing pathways and animate your core strengths.
(612) 718-3828 View (612) 718-3828
Photo of Stacy Vollands Counseling and Recovery, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Edina, MN
Stacy Vollands Counseling and Recovery, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCC, CEDS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439
Hi, my name is Stacy Vollands, and I would love to meet you! I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the State of Minnesota as well as a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Texas. I specialize in Eating Disorders, Body Image, Trauma, Perfectionism, Anxiety, Depression, and OCD. I have also achieved the Certified Eating Disorder Specialist distinction and have experience in outpatient, virtual intensive outpatient, and IDP/PHP levels of care for eating disorders. I love encouraging others to find hope, health, and wholeness, as well as lifelong recovery.
Hi, my name is Stacy Vollands, and I would love to meet you! I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the State of Minnesota as well as a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Texas. I specialize in Eating Disorders, Body Image, Trauma, Perfectionism, Anxiety, Depression, and OCD. I have also achieved the Certified Eating Disorder Specialist distinction and have experience in outpatient, virtual intensive outpatient, and IDP/PHP levels of care for eating disorders. I love encouraging others to find hope, health, and wholeness, as well as lifelong recovery.
(952) 592-2230 View (952) 592-2230
Photo of Leslie Root, Marriage & Family Therapist in Edina, MN
Leslie Root
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, EMDR, Love-ad
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55435
Sick and tired of being sick and tired? Feeling like your life and relationships are stuck? I want you to know change is possible. Through our work together, we will discover the reasons you continue to struggle, and map out a path to personal recovery. My desire is to help you, your partner, and your family, grow closer, and experience the love, and intimacy that is available to you. The secret to happiness is inside of you, just waiting to be acknowledged. Let me help you embrace emotional freedom by giving you the tools for success in love and life!
Sick and tired of being sick and tired? Feeling like your life and relationships are stuck? I want you to know change is possible. Through our work together, we will discover the reasons you continue to struggle, and map out a path to personal recovery. My desire is to help you, your partner, and your family, grow closer, and experience the love, and intimacy that is available to you. The secret to happiness is inside of you, just waiting to be acknowledged. Let me help you embrace emotional freedom by giving you the tools for success in love and life!
(651) 356-8476 View (651) 356-8476
Photo of Joe Noble, Marriage & Family Therapist in Edina, MN
Joe Noble
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55439
I work with families, couples, and individuals involved in complex family problems. Examples of the work I do include: Family conflict and post-divorce parenting conflict; Blending families counseling; Maintaining relationships in complex families; Navigating family relationships when protection orders apply; and Parenting and coparenting education. I am also a state certified supervisor for marriage and family therapists.
I work with families, couples, and individuals involved in complex family problems. Examples of the work I do include: Family conflict and post-divorce parenting conflict; Blending families counseling; Maintaining relationships in complex families; Navigating family relationships when protection orders apply; and Parenting and coparenting education. I am also a state certified supervisor for marriage and family therapists.
(952) 955-7538 View (952) 955-7538
Photo of Rebecca Hardy, Counselor in Edina, MN
Rebecca Hardy
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439  (Online Only)
If you're looking for change, I'd love to help! If you're stuck in a rut, dealing with anxiety, life stressors, or depression, then you're in the right place. I'd like to help you find the path to a happier and healthier version of yourself. I am doing telehealth exclusively and have morning, afternoon, and evening appointments available. Reach out if you'd like a free 15 minute consultation!
If you're looking for change, I'd love to help! If you're stuck in a rut, dealing with anxiety, life stressors, or depression, then you're in the right place. I'd like to help you find the path to a happier and healthier version of yourself. I am doing telehealth exclusively and have morning, afternoon, and evening appointments available. Reach out if you'd like a free 15 minute consultation!
(952) 800-1587 View (952) 800-1587
Photo of Jessica Nelson-Mitchell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Edina, MN
Jessica Nelson-Mitchell
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55435
I enjoy working with people who are looking to improve their communication with their partner and family and want to increase their satisfaction with their romantic relationship. I work with individuals and couples to strengthen relationship connections by focusing on increasing empathy and improving communication skills. I help people create new and positive ways of relating to one another and increase their sense of support and connection. This allows for healing and long lasting change.
I enjoy working with people who are looking to improve their communication with their partner and family and want to increase their satisfaction with their romantic relationship. I work with individuals and couples to strengthen relationship connections by focusing on increasing empathy and improving communication skills. I help people create new and positive ways of relating to one another and increase their sense of support and connection. This allows for healing and long lasting change.
(952) 592-9484 View (952) 592-9484
Photo of Valerie Marsh, Marriage & Family Therapist in Edina, MN
Valerie Marsh
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55435  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stressed out, unhappy and want your life and/or your relationship to change, but thinking there is nothing you can do? Do you feel that no one can understand what you are going through and don't know where to turn? These feelings of frustration and pain can be very hard to handle alone. In this turbulent time of confusion, worry and sadness that you may be experiencing, (dealing with emotionally abusive relationships, infidelity, divorce, depression, anxiety, grief and loss), just call now for your 20 minute complimentary strategy session, and feel hopeful again! Today you are one step closer to a positive new you!
Are you feeling stressed out, unhappy and want your life and/or your relationship to change, but thinking there is nothing you can do? Do you feel that no one can understand what you are going through and don't know where to turn? These feelings of frustration and pain can be very hard to handle alone. In this turbulent time of confusion, worry and sadness that you may be experiencing, (dealing with emotionally abusive relationships, infidelity, divorce, depression, anxiety, grief and loss), just call now for your 20 minute complimentary strategy session, and feel hopeful again! Today you are one step closer to a positive new you!
(612) 772-2808 View (612) 772-2808

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Edina, MN

500+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Edina, MN who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
72% Aetna
65% PreferredOne

How Therapists in Edina, MN see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Edina?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.