Therapists in Burlington, VT
Angele Paul
Psychologist, LPM
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05406 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that therapy is most effective when it is empathic, collaborative, non-judgemental and non-pathologizing. I am deeply interested in the uniqueness of each human being who comes to me. By talking together in ways which nurture curiosity, compassion and insight we will look at what troubles you, what brings you hope, and which patterns of thinking/feeling/being you are engaging in that are not serving you well now.
I believe that therapy is most effective when it is empathic, collaborative, non-judgemental and non-pathologizing. I am deeply interested in the uniqueness of each human being who comes to me. By talking together in ways which nurture curiosity, compassion and insight we will look at what troubles you, what brings you hope, and which patterns of thinking/feeling/being you are engaging in that are not serving you well now.
Katherine A. Kelley, MA
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05401
Not accepting new clients
I aim to co-create the conditions for waking up and realizing the beauty and radiant Life that you already are. In the midst of your current suffering from past traumatic events and/or addictions this may seem like an impossible or distant dream. I am Somatic Psychotherapist and Mindfulness Practitioner. I facilitate mindful awareness of body sensations through to a range of somatic body mind interventions based on the latest knowledge in neurobiology. In accessing your body and mind's innate wisdom you will be able to release the effects of trauma and be free from compulsions and obsessions.
I aim to co-create the conditions for waking up and realizing the beauty and radiant Life that you already are. In the midst of your current suffering from past traumatic events and/or addictions this may seem like an impossible or distant dream. I am Somatic Psychotherapist and Mindfulness Practitioner. I facilitate mindful awareness of body sensations through to a range of somatic body mind interventions based on the latest knowledge in neurobiology. In accessing your body and mind's innate wisdom you will be able to release the effects of trauma and be free from compulsions and obsessions.
Kimberly E Sherman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05401
I have an eclectic style, utilizing therapeutic modalities such as psychodynamic, Cognitive-Behavioral (CBT), Dialectical-Behavioral (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, etc… with a Strengths-Based and Humanistic approach. My eclectic style represents my understanding that every client has individualized clinical needs. While being specialty trained and certified in specific clinical interventions, I believe the therapeutic relationship-building a strong, trusting, rapport-is at the core of my clinical work; that trust of relationship helps heal wounds of the past, allowing one to thrive in the present.
I have an eclectic style, utilizing therapeutic modalities such as psychodynamic, Cognitive-Behavioral (CBT), Dialectical-Behavioral (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, etc… with a Strengths-Based and Humanistic approach. My eclectic style represents my understanding that every client has individualized clinical needs. While being specialty trained and certified in specific clinical interventions, I believe the therapeutic relationship-building a strong, trusting, rapport-is at the core of my clinical work; that trust of relationship helps heal wounds of the past, allowing one to thrive in the present.
Lisa Rose Pisani
Counselor, MA, LCMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05401 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
A medical diagnoses or loss of a loved one can be overwhelming. I specialize in clients and their families navigating cancer or other medical illnesses, end-of-life, or grief. I incorporate spirituality when appropriate. I also work with clients experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma from societal oppression, and women’s issues. My aim is to help clients traverse challenges, discover healthy solutions, develop resilience, build coping skills, and experience inner peace. I collaborate with individuals, couples, and families to help them reach their full potential. Please email me detailing your counseling needs.
A medical diagnoses or loss of a loved one can be overwhelming. I specialize in clients and their families navigating cancer or other medical illnesses, end-of-life, or grief. I incorporate spirituality when appropriate. I also work with clients experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma from societal oppression, and women’s issues. My aim is to help clients traverse challenges, discover healthy solutions, develop resilience, build coping skills, and experience inner peace. I collaborate with individuals, couples, and families to help them reach their full potential. Please email me detailing your counseling needs.
Therapy For Mamas Couples Dominique Couture-Sherman Trained Gottman Level 2
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CGP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05401 (Online Only)
Welcome! My practice focuses on supporting new Mom’s, parents, couples and individuals navigating the dating world. I’m also trained and certified in grief and loss and have experience supporting people moving through neonatal, newborn or child loss, loss of a parent, spouse, life partner or pet. I also have some experience in treating those moving through a diagnosis of prolonged grief. In addition, I have a special interest in supporting individuals and couples with ADHD and especially navigating ADHD within a relationship and I enjoy supporting folks around navigating the complexities of open and polyamorous relationships.
Welcome! My practice focuses on supporting new Mom’s, parents, couples and individuals navigating the dating world. I’m also trained and certified in grief and loss and have experience supporting people moving through neonatal, newborn or child loss, loss of a parent, spouse, life partner or pet. I also have some experience in treating those moving through a diagnosis of prolonged grief. In addition, I have a special interest in supporting individuals and couples with ADHD and especially navigating ADHD within a relationship and I enjoy supporting folks around navigating the complexities of open and polyamorous relationships.
Ellen Oppenheim
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05401
Not accepting new clients
In therapy, my primary focus is to create a nurturing and supportive environment where the people I work with can feel genuinely heard and understood. I aim to empower individuals to face challenges with confidence and navigate through life's complexities while gaining a broader understanding of the systems and patterns within their lives. My approach is rooted in building strong and trusting relationships where we can collaborate. I believe in the power of open and honest communication to address concerns at both personal and systemic levels.
In therapy, my primary focus is to create a nurturing and supportive environment where the people I work with can feel genuinely heard and understood. I aim to empower individuals to face challenges with confidence and navigate through life's complexities while gaining a broader understanding of the systems and patterns within their lives. My approach is rooted in building strong and trusting relationships where we can collaborate. I believe in the power of open and honest communication to address concerns at both personal and systemic levels.
Alex Widas
Registered Psychotherapist, Rev, LMT, CPATP, CIAYT, ERYT500
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05401
We all have the capacities for joy, brilliance, creativity, and love. This gets blocked by the ordinary and/or extraordinary stress and trauma we each experience throughout our life. Therapy is a great way to move through these blocks and live into a more meaningful and fulfilling life.
We all have the capacities for joy, brilliance, creativity, and love. This gets blocked by the ordinary and/or extraordinary stress and trauma we each experience throughout our life. Therapy is a great way to move through these blocks and live into a more meaningful and fulfilling life.
Sara Beth Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05408 (Online Only)
I help people overcome obstacles to live their best life and become who they want to be, restoring their belief in themselves. I am a non-judgmental counselor who can help you find that connection again as we collaborate on what you need. I provide a safe space for you to tell your story and I am honored to hear it. The human connection is an important one and when it’s lost, you feel a need to get it back. Maybe you have lost energy or sense of self.
I help people overcome obstacles to live their best life and become who they want to be, restoring their belief in themselves. I am a non-judgmental counselor who can help you find that connection again as we collaborate on what you need. I provide a safe space for you to tell your story and I am honored to hear it. The human connection is an important one and when it’s lost, you feel a need to get it back. Maybe you have lost energy or sense of self.
Willow M Stein
Unlicensed Psychotherapist, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05406
**Sadly, I'm currently unable to take any new clients, but please check back, as I will update here when I have openings again. ** Hello, and welcome. Have you come here for change, or has change come for you? We seek therapy for many reasons- support, perspective, collaborative help- and our struggles have many names- anxiety, depression, anger, grief, fear, loss, and loneliness. Who have you been, who are you now, and who would you like to be? Where do you fit into this world, and what do you have to offer? What would you say, and how? Bring your questions, theories, fears and frustrations, confusion, curiosity, and courage.
**Sadly, I'm currently unable to take any new clients, but please check back, as I will update here when I have openings again. ** Hello, and welcome. Have you come here for change, or has change come for you? We seek therapy for many reasons- support, perspective, collaborative help- and our struggles have many names- anxiety, depression, anger, grief, fear, loss, and loneliness. Who have you been, who are you now, and who would you like to be? Where do you fit into this world, and what do you have to offer? What would you say, and how? Bring your questions, theories, fears and frustrations, confusion, curiosity, and courage.
Hollie Hurewitz, MACP
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05401
I have enjoyed helping people with stress, anxiety, depression, abuse (emotional, physical, sexual), addiction/alcoholism in the family, couples, self-esteem, dissociation, and attachment issues. I offer EVIDENCE BASED PSYCHOTHERAPY to individuals, couples and groups as a licensed psychologist since 1991. Expertise: INTERNAL FAMILY SYSTEMS THERAPY (IFS), PHASE ORIENTED TRAUMA TREATMENT, EMDR, 12 STEP work. My Aussie, Smudge works with me. She can be a source of comfort and kindness. I would be happy to speak with you. Outside of work, I am a mom and wife; artist and gardener; meditator, and do my own psychotherapy.
I have enjoyed helping people with stress, anxiety, depression, abuse (emotional, physical, sexual), addiction/alcoholism in the family, couples, self-esteem, dissociation, and attachment issues. I offer EVIDENCE BASED PSYCHOTHERAPY to individuals, couples and groups as a licensed psychologist since 1991. Expertise: INTERNAL FAMILY SYSTEMS THERAPY (IFS), PHASE ORIENTED TRAUMA TREATMENT, EMDR, 12 STEP work. My Aussie, Smudge works with me. She can be a source of comfort and kindness. I would be happy to speak with you. Outside of work, I am a mom and wife; artist and gardener; meditator, and do my own psychotherapy.
Annie Williams
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05401
Welcome! I believe that every person deserves to live a life that feels the most true and fulfilling to them. My goal is to be present with you through any challenges you may be facing, while using those challenges as a powerful opportunity for healing and growth.
Welcome! I believe that every person deserves to live a life that feels the most true and fulfilling to them. My goal is to be present with you through any challenges you may be facing, while using those challenges as a powerful opportunity for healing and growth.
15 Second Videos
Marina Rosa Gurman
Anthony Grudin
Jimmy G Bridges
Dr. Mitch and Lisa Marriages/Couples Workshops
Amy Cronin
Lizzie Werner-Gavrin
Ben Turner
Daniel Heath Ferguson
Kathleen Moore
Meg Beliveau
Collin Hagood
Liz Fitzgerald
Kelly Miller
Grisel Lopez-Escobar
Morella Devost
Cat (Adhd) Findley
Andrew Carini
Chelsea Morris
Matthew Tansey
Amanda Rose Hitchings
Maria Niitepold
Kacey Dean
Jessica Clifton
Victoria Tarbell
Katie Ferrell
Fay A Klein
Isabelle Meulnet
Jodyan Gaynor
Alexis Conason
Tena Thomas
Russell Beebe
Alex T Thompson
Megan C Holleran
Matthew C Kirby
Eric Astleford - Common Man Therapy
Green Mountain DBT (Michael Nichols LICSW, LCSW)
Kelly Gupta Holley
Jared Maybeck
Nichole Ford
Heather A. Lee, LCSW StresSpecialist
Emily Oliver
Heidi L Weaver
Matthew McClintock
Jesse Wingate
Lance Woods
Rebecca Boedges
Dominic Foti
Ready Set Mindful
Andrew Even Seguel
Ready Set Mindful
Getting Back On Track Counseling / Langehough
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD, LADC
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05408
Getting Back On Track Counseling offers multiple decades of familiarity with the issues of substance abuse, faith, marriage & pre-marriage, relationships, military member & family pre-/post-deployment, suicide, trauma, post-traumatic stress, blended families, and stress management. GBOTC strives to assist individuals, couples, and families in moving forward with a strength-based focus. Specialized training includes Addiction Treatment in Military & Veteran Culture, Clinical Supervision in the Addiction Profession, Strong Bonds (marital/significant other/family relationships), and PTSD/trauma resiliency.
Getting Back On Track Counseling offers multiple decades of familiarity with the issues of substance abuse, faith, marriage & pre-marriage, relationships, military member & family pre-/post-deployment, suicide, trauma, post-traumatic stress, blended families, and stress management. GBOTC strives to assist individuals, couples, and families in moving forward with a strength-based focus. Specialized training includes Addiction Treatment in Military & Veteran Culture, Clinical Supervision in the Addiction Profession, Strong Bonds (marital/significant other/family relationships), and PTSD/trauma resiliency.
Ashley Goguen
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05401
Not accepting new clients
Without our consent, and oftentimes without our knowledge, we are bombarded with negative messages that become woven into our personal story. When the stories that get repeated by us and about us don't align with how we want to be seen, chronic feelings of shame, anxiety, and hopelessness can surface. My approach to counseling is grounded in narrative and psychodynamic therapies. Building awareness is undoubtedly painful, but there is just as much to discover about your unique strengths and values as we will uncover about the unhelpful patterns that may be holding you back from a more authentic and fulfilling life.
Without our consent, and oftentimes without our knowledge, we are bombarded with negative messages that become woven into our personal story. When the stories that get repeated by us and about us don't align with how we want to be seen, chronic feelings of shame, anxiety, and hopelessness can surface. My approach to counseling is grounded in narrative and psychodynamic therapies. Building awareness is undoubtedly painful, but there is just as much to discover about your unique strengths and values as we will uncover about the unhelpful patterns that may be holding you back from a more authentic and fulfilling life.
Marina Rosa Gurman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05408
People want and need to grow in their capacity to experience emotional intimacy with self, other, and even the universe. Emotional intimacy is deep connection, coupled with an absence of fear and freedom of expression. My personal and professional experience is that when humans feel safe and truly heard, we are able to be more aware of our full range of experience. If, in this state, we ask or are met by the right questions, personal truth springs forward.
People want and need to grow in their capacity to experience emotional intimacy with self, other, and even the universe. Emotional intimacy is deep connection, coupled with an absence of fear and freedom of expression. My personal and professional experience is that when humans feel safe and truly heard, we are able to be more aware of our full range of experience. If, in this state, we ask or are met by the right questions, personal truth springs forward.
Song Lee
Registered Psychotherapist, MS, JD
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05401
Waitlist for new clients
As a therapist, my approach is grounded in blending Internal Family Systems (IFS) understandings (includes psychodynamic and mindfulness practices) and somatic psychotherapy to increase aliveness, build meta-cognitive self-understanding, and promote self-regulation. This approach works with the whole person by addressing conflicts cognitively, emotionally and physically. Clients can gain greater awareness of old patterns of action and reaction, increased capacity to tolerate and resolve conflict or trauma and enhanced ability to experience pleasure.
As a therapist, my approach is grounded in blending Internal Family Systems (IFS) understandings (includes psychodynamic and mindfulness practices) and somatic psychotherapy to increase aliveness, build meta-cognitive self-understanding, and promote self-regulation. This approach works with the whole person by addressing conflicts cognitively, emotionally and physically. Clients can gain greater awareness of old patterns of action and reaction, increased capacity to tolerate and resolve conflict or trauma and enhanced ability to experience pleasure.
Alex M. Torstrick
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05401
A neuropsychological evaluation can provide valuable information regarding an individual's current and future cognitive functioning. My specialty involves the assessment of cognition across a wide span of central nervous system disorders including neurodegenerative conditions (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), traumatic brain injury (TBI), substance abuse, attention deficit syndromes, and autistic spectrum disorder. My work examines the relationship between brain disease and cognition while differentiating the contribution of psychological factors such as depression or anxiety. I also perform independent medical examinations (IME).
A neuropsychological evaluation can provide valuable information regarding an individual's current and future cognitive functioning. My specialty involves the assessment of cognition across a wide span of central nervous system disorders including neurodegenerative conditions (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), traumatic brain injury (TBI), substance abuse, attention deficit syndromes, and autistic spectrum disorder. My work examines the relationship between brain disease and cognition while differentiating the contribution of psychological factors such as depression or anxiety. I also perform independent medical examinations (IME).
Anthony Grudin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05401
My priority as a therapist is to foster a warm, collaborative, confidential environment in which we can focus on the challenges and goals that matter most to you. My therapeutic style is pragmatic. I draw on a range of theoretical and practical traditions, but my core commitment is to understanding you and your experiences from a empathetic and non-judgmental perspective. I have availability during morning and evening hours and on weekends as necessary.
My priority as a therapist is to foster a warm, collaborative, confidential environment in which we can focus on the challenges and goals that matter most to you. My therapeutic style is pragmatic. I draw on a range of theoretical and practical traditions, but my core commitment is to understanding you and your experiences from a empathetic and non-judgmental perspective. I have availability during morning and evening hours and on weekends as necessary.
Joseph D Cusumano, PhD
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, PhD, LCHMC, LPC, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05401 (Online Only)
The ideal clients I am reaching out to are interested in participating in teletherapy, either individually or as couples. Due to a number of breaking developments, I have decided to convert my long-running practice to online therapy. I have professional counseling licenses in Vermont, MIssouri, and Illinois. I work from Missouri. Furthermore, I am seeking clients who prefer to work outside of the insurance system. I am rebooting my practice to offer high-qualify and affordable therapy. If you are interested, all you would need is Skype or Zoom (both are free downloads). I am offering 45 minute sessions for $90.
The ideal clients I am reaching out to are interested in participating in teletherapy, either individually or as couples. Due to a number of breaking developments, I have decided to convert my long-running practice to online therapy. I have professional counseling licenses in Vermont, MIssouri, and Illinois. I work from Missouri. Furthermore, I am seeking clients who prefer to work outside of the insurance system. I am rebooting my practice to offer high-qualify and affordable therapy. If you are interested, all you would need is Skype or Zoom (both are free downloads). I am offering 45 minute sessions for $90.
Victoria Diederich
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05401
Not accepting new clients
Are you looking to find a greater sense of self-compassion, ease, and presence in your daily life? Maybe you are feeling stuck with anxiety, low self-esteem, or relationship issues and can't seem to move forward in a new way. As a therapist, I aim to help you uncover the healing energy and wisdom that already exists within you. You will receive guidance and support in becoming more present and connecting with yourself, while processing past experiences and exploring current patterns that may be holding you back. Come as you are; I will meet you there.
Are you looking to find a greater sense of self-compassion, ease, and presence in your daily life? Maybe you are feeling stuck with anxiety, low self-esteem, or relationship issues and can't seem to move forward in a new way. As a therapist, I aim to help you uncover the healing energy and wisdom that already exists within you. You will receive guidance and support in becoming more present and connecting with yourself, while processing past experiences and exploring current patterns that may be holding you back. Come as you are; I will meet you there.
Emily Samara
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05401
Psychological distress limits our ability to participate in relationships meaningfully, and to fulfill our various roles in a way that is satisfying. Therapy can help.
Psychological distress limits our ability to participate in relationships meaningfully, and to fulfill our various roles in a way that is satisfying. Therapy can help.
See more therapy options for Burlington
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Burlington, VT
700+
Average cost per session
$135
Therapists in Burlington, VT who prioritize treating:
95% | Anxiety |
88% | Depression |
83% | Relationship Issues |
79% | Self Esteem |
72% | Stress |
71% | Trauma and PTSD |
67% | Coping Skills |
Average years in practice
10 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
83% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
64% | Medicaid |
53% | MVP Health Care |
How Therapists in Burlington, VT see their clients
57% | In Person and Online | |
43% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
75% | Female | |
22% | Male | |
3% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Burlington?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.